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CSTAR II Interchange Format

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Client says: Do you take credit cards? c:request-information payment (method=credit-card) ... greeting-welcome. introduce-self. introduce-topic. negate. negate ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CSTAR II Interchange Format


1
CSTAR II Interchange Format
Presented by
  • Lori Levin
  • and
  • Donna Gates

2
Interchange Format Design
The CSTAR II Interchange Format was designed and
developed by all of the CSTAR II partners CMU,
IRST, ETRI, UKA, CLIPS and ATR.
3
Multilingual Interlingual Machine Translation
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK

4
Advantages of Interlingua
  • Avoid the n-sqared problem for all-ways
    translation.
  • Mono-lingual grammar development teams.
  • Add a new language easily and automatically get
    all-ways translation to all previous languages.

5
Design Criteria of the Interchange Format
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • Based on speakers intent, not literal meaning.
  • Domain independent framework with domain-specific
    parts.
  • Simple and reliable enough to use - at
    multiple research sites.
    - with widely varying type of parsers
  • and generators

6
Domain Actions Extended, Domain-Specific Speech
Acts
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • Examples
  • crequest-informationavailabilityroom
  • agive-informationpersonal-data
  • cgive-informationtemporalarrival

7
Task Oriented Sentences
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • Perform an action in the domain.
  • Are not descriptive.
  • Contain fixed expressions that cannot be
    translated literally.

8
Components of the Interchange Format
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • speaker a (agent)
  • speech act give-information
  • concept availabilityroom
  • argument (room-type(single double),
  • timemd12)

9
Examples
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • no thats not necessary
  • cnegate
  • yes I am
  • caffirm
  • and I was wondering what you have in the way of
    rooms available during that time
  • crequest-informationavailabilityroom
  • my name is alex waibel
  • cgive-informationpersonal-data
    (person-name(given-namealex, family-namewaibel)
    )
  • and how will you be paying for this
  • arequest-informationpayment (methodquestion)
  • I have a mastercard
  • cgive-informationpayment (methodmastercard)

10
Examples Price and Temporal Arguments
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • However the rate for the double is one thirty
    four ninety five per night
  • agive-informationpriceroom (room-typedouble,

  • )
  • For eighty four dollars the two double beds
  • agive-informationpriceroom
  • (
    )
  • So the tenth through the fourteenth
  • agive-informationtemporal
  • (
    )

price(quantity134.95, per-unitnight)
price(quantity84, currencydollar)
time(start-timemd10, end-timemd14)
11
More Examples
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • So when Im leaving on the twenty first
  • seven thirty p.m. would I have to
  • cgive-informationtemporal (whoI,
    )
  • Im now arriving on June sixth
  • cgive-informationtemporalarrival (whoI,
    )
  • Theyre going to be arriving on the twelfth
    actually in the morning
  • cgive-informationtemporalarrival
  • ( whothey,
    )

time(md21, 1930)
time(june, md6)
time(md12, morning)
12
Final Release
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK
  • May 1999
  • Speech acts 54
  • Concepts 84
  • Arguments 118

13
Speaker Tag
Client says Do you take credit cards?
crequest-informationpayment (methodcredit-card)
Agent says Will you be paying with a credit
card? arequest-informationpayment
(methodcredit-card)
14
Speech Acts Examples
  • accept
  • acknowledge
  • acknowledge-action
  • affirm
  • affirm-action
  • apologize
  • closing
  • delay-action
  • end-action
  • give-certainty
  • give-information
  • Ill take that, Sounds good
  • Okay, Sure, Yeah
  • Here you go, This is it
  • Yes, That is correct
  • Yes, please do, Go ahead
  • Sorry, Im sorry
  • Bye, See you next week
  • Ill get back to you on that
  • Thats all for now
  • Im sure
  • I have 2 singles available

15
Speech Acts Examples
(continued)
  • greeting
  • greeting-nice-meet
  • greeting-request
  • greeting-response-bad
  • greeting-response-good
  • greeting-welcome
  • introduce-self
  • introduce-topic
  • negate
  • negate-action
  • not-understand
  • Hello, Good morning
  • Nice to meet you
  • How are you
  • Im not good
  • Im fine
  • Welcome to Pittsburgh
  • This is Brian, Best Western
  • About that flight
  • No
  • No, dont
  • I dont understand

16
Speech Acts Examples
(continued)
  • offer
  • offer-information
  • offer-repeat
  • please-wait
  • reject (e.g., offer)
  • request-action
  • request-affirmation
  • request-certainty
  • request-delay-action
  • request-information
  • request-introduce-self
  • How about it?
  • Let me get you the information
  • Let me repeat that
  • Just a minute, Let me see
  • No, I dont want that
  • Can you reserve that for me?
  • Is that correct?
  • Are you sure?
  • Can I get back to you later?
  • Do you accept visa?
  • Who am I speaking with?

17
Speech Acts Examples
(continued)
  • request-knowledge
  • request-neg-affirmation
  • request-repeat
  • request-suggestion
  • request-verification
  • return-from-delay
  • suggest
  • thank
  • verify
  • welcome
  • x-exclamation
  • Do you know?
  • Is that bad?
  • Could you repeat that?
  • Which hotel should I get?
  • Right?, That was 40 dollars?
  • Im back
  • How about a single?
  • Thank you very much
  • Yes, that is 40 dollars.
  • Youre welcome
  • That is beautiful! (ETRI only)

18
Speech Acts Examples
(Meta-Demo Speech acts)
  • testing
  • testing-problem
  • testing-start
  • testing-stop
  • testing-proceed
  • testing-request-proceed
  • testing-ready
  • testing-present
  • testing-request-present
  • Testing 1 2 3, This is a test
  • We have a problem
  • Lets start
  • Lets stop
  • Go ahead!
  • Would you go first
  • Ready here
  • We are here, CMU is on line
  • Are you there?

19
Some concepts
  • Actions change, reservation, confirmation,
    cancellation, help, purchase, view, display,
    preference
  • Attributes availability, price, temporal, price,
    location, size, features etc.
  • Objects room, hotel, flight, tour, event,
    attraction, web-page etc.
  • Other arrival, departure, numeral,
    expiration-date, payment

20
Using Concepts to Represent Information Focus
Is there a hotel in Pittsburgh? crequest-informat
ionavailabilityhotel (locationpittsburgh)
Is the hotel in Pittsburgh? crequest-information
locationhotel (locationpittsburgh)
21
Topic vs Focus
The Hilton Hotel is in Verona. agive-information
locationhotel (hotel-namehilton,
locationverona)
The hotel in Verona is the Hilton Hotel.
agive-informationlocationhotel
(hotel-namehilton, locationverona)
22
Complex Arguments
  • multiple values room-type(double, non-smoking)
  • a non-smoking double
  • coordination room-type(single double)
  • a single and a double
  • quantity room-type(double, quantity2)
  • two double rooms
  • price price(currencydollar, quantity50,
    per-unitnight)
  • fifty dollars per night
  • time time(md5, tuesday, july, 1998, 1600,
    afternoon)
  • Tuesday July 5, 1998 at 400 in the afternoon.

23
Complex Arguments(continued)
  • time-interval time(start-time(md5, july),
    end-timemd10)
  • from July 5th to 10th
  • duration duration(time-unitday, quantity9)
  • for nine days
  • frequency
  • frequency(time-unithour, quantity2)
  • every two hours
  • frequency(time-unithour, quantity2)
  • two times per hour
  • price price(currencydollar, quantity50,
    per-unitnight)
  • fifty dollars per night
  • lists of characters spellingm, i, l, l, e, r
  • m i l l e r

24
The Interchange Format Database
d.u.sdu olang X lang Y Prv Z
sdu-in-language-Y on one line d.u.sdu olang X
lang E Prv Z sdu-in-English on one
line d.u.sdu IF Prv Z
dialogue-act-on-one-line d.u.asdu comments
your comments d.u.asdu comments go here
61.2.3 olang I lang I Prv IRST telefono per
prenotare delle stanze per quattro
colleghi 61.2.3 olang I lang E Prv IRST Im
calling to book some rooms for four
colleagues 61.2.3 IF Prv
IRST crequest-actionreservationfeaturesroom
(for-whom (associate,
quantity4)) 61.2.3 comments dial-oo5-spkB-roca0
-02-3
25
The Interchange Format Database
English Dialogues English Sentences Korean
Dialogues Korean Sentences Italian
Dialogues Italian Sentences Japanese
Dialogues Japanese Utterances Distinct Dialogue
Acts
36 2466 70 1142 5 233 124 5887 554 (310 agent,
244 client)
26
Unresolved Problems
  • Instructions
  • Delete sample document icon and replace with
    working document icons as follows
  • Create document in Word.
  • Return to PowerPoint.
  • From Insert Menu, select Object
  • Click Create from File
  • Locate File name in File box
  • Make sure Display as Icon is checked.
  • Click OK
  • Select icon
  • From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings.
  • Click Object Action and select Edit
  • Click OK

Anaphora
Comparative Constructions
Scope (negation and modifiers)
Relative Clauses
Plurality
Descriptive Sentences
27
Expressivity vs Simplicity
  • If it is not expressive enough, components of
    meaning will be lost.
  • If it is not simple enough, it cant be used
    reliably across sites.

28
Coverage
  • The database includes about 550 distinct dialogue
    acts.
  • About 60 dialogue acts cover about 70 of the
    data.
  • About 5 of unseen data wasnt covered (as
    judged by human experts)

29
Consistency of use across sites
  • Successful international demo.
  • After testing English-Italian and English-Korean,
    Italian-Korean worked without extra effort.
  • Inter-coder agreement 70-85.
  • Cross-site evaluation same as intra-site
    evaluation 60 spoken 75 transcribed.
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