The Age of Andrew Jackson

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The Age of Andrew Jackson

• A President for the Common People

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Life of Jackson

• Born on March 15, 1767, in S. Carolina
• Immigrant Parents from Northern Ireland
• Father died several days before Andrews birth
• Family moved in with relatives
• Mother and two brothers died during A.R.
• Served during the American Revolution
• 13 year old mounted courier
• Captured and scarred by British officer

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Life of Jackson

• After the war studied Law in N. Carolina
  admitted to bar at 20
• Moved to Nashville as a public prosecutor
  prospered as a land and slave speculator
• Married Rachel Donelson Robards 1791, and again
  in 1793 (mistake re divorce)

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Life of Jackson

• 1796 Tennessees first representative in Congress
• 1797 rose to U.S. Senator, but personal and
  financial difficulties forced his resignation in
  1798
• Appointed to Tennessees superior court, presided
  until 1804
• After court appointment dedicated himself to
  building a new home at the Hermitage

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Life of Jackson

• War of 1812 command as Maj. General of U.S.
  volunteers
• Unit was soon disbanded and forced march back
  home Old Hickory
• 1813 Jackson sent to deal with Creek excursions
  and attacks
• Crushed the uprising with final battle in 1814 at
  the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, March 17th

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Life of Jackson

• Commissioned as Maj. General in the Regular army
  with command of Tennessee, Mississippi, and
  Louisiana
• Victorious at Mobile, AL and Pensacola, FL
• Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815 on the
  Plains of Chalmette
• Jacksons command of LA militia, TE and KY
  riflemen and Baratarian pirates took casualties
  of 6 killed and 10 wounded
• British casualties were close to 2,000 dead or
  injured

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Life of Jackson

• 1817 recalled to service to deal with the
  Seminoles in FL
• Pursued a retreating group into FL capturing St.
  Marks and Pensacola as well as two British
  subjects (executed)
• Result was Spain cession of the FL in 1819

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Life of Jackson

• Jackson retired form military in June, 1821and
  was appointed provisional governor of FL.
• Resigned in Dec. 1821due to disagreements with
  Monroes administration
• Plot to use his popularity backfired and he
  returned to the Senate in 1823

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Life of Jackson
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Life of Jackson

• Front runner for Presidential election of 1824
• Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, and William
  Crawford were his opponents
• Jackson 99 electoral votes, not enough for
  majority election decided by the House of
  Representatives, Clay threw his support to Adams
• Adams named President Clay (Sec. of State)

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Henry Clay John Q. Adams
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Life of Jackson

• Jackson elected in 1828, aided in part by
  political maneuvering of Martin Van Buren
• Wife Rachel dies in December
• Inauguration people claimed A.J. as one of
  their own thus destroyed the White House during
  the reception
• Kitchen Cabinet trusted unofficial advisors

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Life of Jackson
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The Life of Jackson

• It may be, sir, that the politicians of the
  United States are not so fastidious as some
  gentlemen are, as to disclosing the principles on
  which they act. They boldly preach what they
  practice. When they are contending for victory,
  they avow their intention of enjoying the fruits
  of it. If they are defeated, they expect to
  retire from office. If they are successful, they
  claim, as a matter of right, the advantages of
  success. They see nothing wrong in the rule, that
  to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy.
• Senator Marcy William Learned (17861857)
• January 25, 1832

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Life of Jackson

• First Term
• Dominated by Calhoun and Van Buren
• Nullification Crisis
• Bank of the United States
• Indian Removal Act opposed by the Supreme Court
  and John Marshall
• Second Term
• Bank of the United States
• France brought to heel
• Formal recognition of an independent Texas

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Calhoun - Marshall
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Life of Jackson
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