Muslim Empires

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Muslim Empires

• Chapter 20

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Started with semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to
  northwest Anatolia in the 1200s
• Replaced the Mongols as their power declined

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Gunpowder
• Janissaries
• 1453 captured Constantinople
• Allowed Christians Jews to worshiptolerant
• Navy until 1571 loss to Venetians
  SpanishBattle of Lepanto

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Mehmed

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Ottoman Empire

• Selim I 1512
• Claimed that he was the rightful heir to the
  Islamic tradition of Arab caliphs

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Suleyman the Magnificent 1520-1566
• Patron of the arts?Golden Age
• Pushed into Europe and laid siege on Vienna

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Absolute monarchy, but later removed himself and
  ruled through a vizier
• Islamic religious scholars legal experts served
  administrative functions
• Still a major problem is succession

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Constantinople?Istanbul
• Hagia Sophia?mosque
• Aqueducts, marketplace, rest houses, religious
  schools and hospitals
• Large merchant and artisan class
• Commercial exchanges and handicraft production is
  closely regulated by government

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Harem was influential in politics and society
• Female relatives and concubines resided in the
  harem
• Gained status when had sons
• Eunuchs guarded the harem were of slave origin
  and were trained and educated
• Enslavement of Muslims is forbidden
• Sultans mom is the queen mother

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Ottoman Empire1300s-1923

• Peaked in mid-1600s
• Became too large to maintain
• Plagued by corruption inflation
• Successors to the throne often lived sheltered
  lives and were unequipped to rule
• European military and naval technology outpaced
  the Ottomans

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Mughal India1523-mid1700s

• History of decentralized regional kingdoms
• Babur, Turkic nomad, began his conquest of India
  in 1526
• Akbar, his son, continued this quest

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Mughal India1523-mid 1700s

• Akbar
• Wanted to unify the empire1ST time
• Patronized the arts
• Interested in religious discussion
• Policy of cooperation with Hindu rulers
  encouraged intermarriage?mixed geographically
• Abolished the jizya (non-Muslim tax)
• Promoted Hindus to high-ranking govt jobs

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Mughal India

• Akbar
• Tried to improve the position of women by trying
  to eliminate sati

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Mughal India1523-mid 1700s

• Architecture
• Blended Persian, Hindu ornamentation and Islamic
  domes, arches and minarets

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Mughal India1523 to mid 1700s

• Aurangzeb
• Pushed to extend Muslim control to all of India
• Brought back the non-Muslim tax
• Sought to purify Indias Islam1700s begin to
  persecute Hindus
• His many wars drained the treasury
• Peasant uprisings
• Revolts by Muslims and Hindus
• Weak Hindu princes

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Mughal India1523-mid 1700s

• Weak India, allowed European traders in search of
  cotton to increase their influence
• Portugal ad the port city of Goa and sent
  missionaries
• 1661 British East India Company controlled trade
  in Bombay.
• 1691 British East Co founded Calcutta
• Mughals were annoyed, but allowed trade