CHAPTER 8 National SelfDetermination

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CHAPTER 8National Self-Determination

• Pages 180-207
• Key Terms
• Decolonization
• Successor State

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National Self-Determination

• When a group of people tries to gain or keep the
  power to control their own affairs.
• Kosovo went from being a province of Yogoslavia
  ? an independent state.
• Religious and ethnic conflict has plagued the
  region for centuries
• (pg 182)

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Nation-State

• A country that has physical borders and a single
  government. Nation-states may be based on ethnic
  nationalism, civic nationalism or a combination
  of the two.

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a people

• Share a common historical tradition, language and
  religion
• Identify themselves as a distinct cultural group
• Have a traditional connection to a particular
  territory

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Decolonization

• Refers to what happens when a colonial power
  withdraws from a colony.
• Forced people with different religions,
  languages, traditions and cultures to live as a
  single colony. Once decolonization occurs,
  violent conflicts usually arise (ie. Rwanda)

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Decolonization

• French Indochina (French vs. Japan)
• - fighting for control over Vietnam
• The Vietnam War
• - South vs. North (Communist)
• Cambodia (French Indochina)
• Tibet (1950 China invaded Tibet)
• - took control of the government, suppressed the
  Buddhist religion, destroyed monasteries.

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Tibet The Dali Lama
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Successor State

• a country created from a previous state.
• When the Soviet Union collapsed in the late 1990s
  15 successor states emerged as Lithuanians,
  Estonians, Latvians, Russians and other people
  asserted their right to national
  self-determination

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India

• Controlled by The British East India Company from
  the early 1800s 1947.
• Mohandas Ghandi helped India gain independence
  from Britain.
• through non-violent protests

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Creation of Pakistan

• 1800s - Muslims and Hindus went from working
  together in the Indian National Congress
• 1906 - Muslims resenting the Hindu Majority and
  formed the India Muslim League.
• Jinnah thought the two groups were inherently
  different
• Ghandi thought the two groups have several
  similarities and could live together in harmony.

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On August 15, 1947, India achieved independence

• Hindus and Muslims who had once lived peacefully
  both went on a rampage and millions were killed
  and millions of refuges fled to safety.
• Muslims India ? Pakistan
• Hindus Pakistan ? India

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Kashmir

• 2007 the Association of Parents of Disappeared
  Persons
• An estimated 10,000 Kashmirs have gone missing,
  captured by Indian forces and never seen again.

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Canada and National Self- Determination

• First Nations
• Inuit
• Metis
• Quebec
• - French Separatists
• - Aboriginal Groups
• see pages 193-197

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Unintended Consequences of National
Self-Determination

• Refugees
• By 2006, approximately 32 million people around
  the world were living as refugees.
• - Afghan Refugees form the single largest
  group in the world

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The Big Picture

• Make sure that you understand the positive and
  negative implications of National
  Self-Determination.
• Can you list some of them?