Watching Europes War

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Section 7.2

• Watching Europes War

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Today Agenda

• 7.2 Slide Show
• Presentations
• Homework
• Finish Reading 7.2

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Todays ObjectivesAt the end of this lesson, you
should be able to

• Define Triple Entente/ Central Powers and list
  its member
• Define neutrality and describe its complexity
  /or hypocrisy in American policy
• Identify the Zimmerman Note
• Identify Lusitania as the catalyst of Americas
  formal entry into WWI
• Identify major economic reasons for Americas
  entry into WWI

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Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen

• What passing-bells for these who die as
  cattle?Only the monstrous anger of the
  guns.Only the stuttering rifles' rapid
  rattleCan patter out their hasty orisons.No
  mockeries for them from prayers or bells,Nor any
  voice of mourning save the choirs,-The shrill,
  demented choirs of wailing shellsAnd bugles
  calling for them from sad shires.What candles
  may be held to speed them all?Not in the hands
  of boys, but in their eyesShall shine the holy
  glimmers of good-byes.The pallor of girls' brows
  shall be their pallTheir flowers the tenderness
  of patient minds,And each slow dusk a
  drawing-down of blinds.

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Introduction to WWI
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Why do nations go to war?
Ideology
What justifies Going to War?
Revenge
Economic needs
Preemptive Strike
National Prestige
Alliance Obligations
An Attack or Threat

• Other Reasons?

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Describe Europe on the Eve of War, June 1914
Germany competes with GBs naval supremacy
Germanys militarism threatens France and Russia
Russia, Aus-Hun, Ottoman Emp. vie for control of
Balkans
Russian, Germany, GB, France compete for empire
Serbian Nationalists agitate to unite Southern
Slavs
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Balkan Peninsula
In 1914 The Austro-Hungarian Empire controlled
Bosnia, a territory with thousands of ethnic
Serbs.
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What events led to the outbreak of the Great War?
1914
June July August
Central Powers at war with Triple Entente in
8/4/14
Archduke of Austria Assassinated in Sarajevo on
6/14/14
Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia 7/28/14
Wilson declares American neutrality 8/4/14
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Ferdinand Assassinated
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What was the Alliance system?Security
guarantees between major European powers

• Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire

• Triple Entente (Allies)
• France
• Great Britain
• Russia

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Alliance System
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Enthusiasm for War
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Describe the nature of the fighting.

• Germany gained territory at first
• halted to a stalemate along the Western and
  Eastern Fronts

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The Fronts
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War was most destructive the world had seen up to
that point
Describe the nature of the fighting.

• Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)
• French lost 315 thousand
• Germany lost 280 thousand
• Battle of the Somme
• GB lost 60 thousand in one day

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Battle of the Somme
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Why were the casualties so high?

• Traditional Strategy Advanced weaponry
• Infantry charges
• Over the top!
• Advanced weaponry
• Machine gun
• Artillery
• Mustard gas
• Barbed wire
• Tanks
• Trench warfare
• Submarine warfare
• U-Boats
• Dogfights

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Agenda for Today

• Finish 7.2
• Homework
• Finish reading 7.2
• Begin reading 7.3 (by Thursday)

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1915-1916
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What was Americas official policy toward the
war?

• Neutral
• We must be impartial in thought as well as in
  action.
• Despite diverse population of immigrants, most
  Americans supported this view.

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American Neutrality
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Was America really neutral?

• Strong economic ties to Allies
• See Thomas Lamont quote on 216
• British controlled flow of information
• Cut Transatlantic cable in 1914

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Propaganda and Economic Impact
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What happened to the Lusitania?

• British passenger ship
• Secretly carried American arms to the allies
• May 7, 1915 the Lusitania was sunk by German
  U-Boats

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Lusitania
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Describe the election of 1916.

• Wilson wins on anti-war platform
• He kept us out of war!
• In reality America has sided with the Allies
• 2.25 billion in loans
• Attracted to post war investment
• Wanted an American voice at peace settlement

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What was the Zimmerman Note?

• Zimmerman Note
• German cable to Mexico promised pre-1848
  territory if Mexico side with Germany

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Why did German U-boats begin to attack American
shipping?

• British blockade of North Sea prevented food from
  entering Germany
• Germany was starving had nothing to lose
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare resumed 1/31/1917
• Many US ship sent to bottom of Atlantic

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Why does Wilson ask Congress to declare war?

• To make the world safe for democracy
• Believed the American System would save the
  world
• "When properly directed, there is no people in
  the world not fitted for self-government."
• Hoped to spread American Style democracy,
  capitalism, and Christian morality