Hard Surface Flooring

1
Hard Surface Flooring

• Julie Temple
• IDES 252 - Survey of Interior Materials
• Fall 2003
• Part One

2
Types of Hard Surface Flooring

• Wood
• Laminate
• Marble
• Travertine
• Granite
• Flagstone
• Slate

• Ceramic Tile
• Quarry Tile
• Mexican Tile
• Concrete
• Brick
• Terrazzo
• Poured Floors

3
Ceramic Tile Mosaic Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL
4
Ceramic Tile - Composition

• How its made
• man-made product from natural materials
• clay, feldspar, water
• made by
• 1) pressed
• 2) extruded
• process
• 1) kiln-fired (bisque)
• 2) glazed - sprayed on / unglazed
• 3) finish fire
• 4) inspection, grading, packaging

5
Ceramic Tile -Classifications

• Classifications of Ceramic Tile Types
• glazed
• unglazed
• quarry, porcelain, ceramic mosaic
• Classification of Wear Grades
• I - walls
• II - light traffic, residential
• III - residential, light commercial
• IV - light commercial, heavy traffic
• V - heavy traffic

6
Ceramic Tile Mosaic Special Pattern
7
Ceramic Tile - Design

• Design Considerations
• shade variation - inherent in fired materials
• trims - difficult to match seams
• mixing sizes - be aware of thickness changes
• cut tiles - more expensive, 45 degree angle
• colors - reds/blues difficult to fire at high
  temps
• usually traffic grades I II

8
Decorative Ceramic Tile
9
Ceramic Tile - Installation

• Installation Considerations
• setting systems
• mastik
• spread-on glue
• thin-set
• mortar and latex
• mudset
• thick, traditional
• adds height to floor, plan ahead

10
Ceramic Tile -Grout

• Grout types
• sanded
• most typical
• unsanded
• for use with polished surfaces
• epoxy
• impervious to stains/chemicals
• use for kitchen countertops
• heat to 250 degrees

11
Natural Stone Flooring - Marble

• Marble
• formed by layers of shells under pressure and
  heat, forms limestone composed of a crystalline
  structure
• streaky marble made from recrystallization of
  limestone
• made by Mother Nature, metamorphic intense heat
  and pressure
• easily scratched, relatively soft
• natural grain variation - customer beware
• Travertine Marble
• limestone which has holes formed by escaping gas,
  
• must be filled for use on floors - epoxy resin -
  clear or to match

12
Marble Cucina Roma Restaurant, Westmont, IL
13
Travertine
14
Limestone
15
Natural Stone Flooring - Marble

• Polished Marble Floors
• high end commercial / corporate lobbies
• images of beauty and prosperity
• maintenance costs - ouch!!
• Traffic - sand and grit dulls the polish, light
  colors show less than dark colors
• to bring up shine, regrind and polish
• apply sacrificial coating of acrylic or natural
  wax
• alternative to polished is HONED finish

16
Polished Marble Floor
17
Natural Stone Flooring - Granite

• Granite
• made from feldspar, quartz, other crystalline
  minerals
• made by nature, igneous molten rock, crystal size
  varies from fine to course
• colors vary
• light to dark
• grays, pinks, greens, browns, combos
• naturally beautiful but very hard and brittle
• difficult to control color - expect some variation

18
Granite
19
Granite
20
Natural Stone Flooring - Slate

• Slate
• made from sediment, water, chemical reactions,
  erosion
• made by nature, sedimentary stone
• brittle, splits into sheets
• colors vary
• usually blue-gray, also black, green, red

21
Slate
22
Slate Hardwood
23
Slate