Demand for TimeUse Surveys:

1
Demand for Time-Use Surveys Behind the Global
Trend of Time-use Survey Expansion Maricar Reyes
Mabutas
2
Women in the Economy

• Worldwide, women constitute 1/3 of the
  wage-labor force, but much of their work is
  unpaid
• Examples of unpaid non-market work gathering
  water and fuel, preparing meals, most childcare,
  etc
• If official statistics were to be revised to
  include this, global GDP would increase roughly
  by 25

• By this measure, women work more than men!
• In the developing world, women work 30 longer
  hours than men.

3

• Women are half the world's economic population
  but put in two thirds of the working hours, grow
  half the food, but receive one tenth of the wages
  and own only one percent of the world's
  propertywomen's invisibility in national
  accounts "belittles our role in the economy and
  society, chips away at our self-esteem, leads
  policy makers to overlook the impact of decisions
  on women's lives, and makes it difficult for
  women to achieve equality in our society.
• - UN analysis on women, quoted by Mary Collins,
  Minister Responsible for the Status of Women in
  Canada at International Conference on the
  Measurement and Valuation of Unpaid Work in
  Ottawa in 1993

4

• Not only do women dominate the informal sector,
  but they are heavily marginalized in the formal
  market, usually stuck in the low paid jobs.
• Gender roles
• Despite this, men largely control the economic
  structures in the household, society, and
  government

5
Problem

• There is a lack of data about womens
  contributions
• Time-use surveys are the main vehicle of this
  type of data collection that seek to enumerate
  paid and non-paid work.

6
Uses of TUS data Break it down

• Better identify the most economically vulnerable
  groups
• Target social programs more effectively
• Measures well-being, for one, through leisure
  time
• Measures goods and services produced outside of
  the formal market
• Best picture of how paid, volunteer, domestic
  work and leisure are integrated in an economy by
  different groups
• Examining social lives/patterns of people
• Applications in Economics, Sociology, Psychology,
  Natural Sciences, Taxation, Govt Policy, Urban
  Planning, Law, Health, Business Marketing and
  Strategy, Information Technology/Communications

Short answer IT TELLS US WHAT PEOPLE DO WITH
THEIR TIME
7
Demand for TUS

• AOG

Wherever TUS gt 0, a country is willing to invest
in a TUS because they value womens work by some
measure of utility that they are willing to give
up some of AOG.
Why ?
TUS

Hypothesis of Model That the demand is a
function of some measure of gender equality
because the stronger the status of women in a
country, the more likely it is to sponsor a TUS.
8
Testing
Prob(TUSi) ? ?GE e where GE f(x1, x2,
x3,)

• Test the change in the probability (y) of having
  funded a time use survey with a change in one of
  the selected proxy variables of a gender equality
  index.
• The Gender Equality indicators (xi)
• Difference in female-male life expectancy,
• Female labor participation,
• Female to male literacy,
• Female to male unemployment,
• Ratio of boys to girls in primary and secondary
  education,
• of seats held by women in parliament,
• in women in ministerial level,
• Signature of 2 different Conventions related to
  gender equality
• and others

9
In the 69 countries that have publicly sponsored
TUS

• Women live on average, about 5 years over men
• The average female labor force participation is
  42
• Women hold 21.14 of seats in Parliament (same
  figure for ministerial level)
• Women earn 55.4 of what men earn
• Average year women got vote 1925
• 75 signed Convention 100- Elimination of
  Discrimination in Respect of Employment and
  Occupation
• What are the factors that influence (or
  associated with) a countrys decision to embark
  on a time-use survey?
• Measures of Gender Equality

10
Stronger measures of Gender Equality tend to
increase the probability of a TUS
11

• Leaders in national TUS
• Australia,
• UK,
• Japan,
• Canada,
• France
• Others have had influence/support from
  international orgs/aid
• Eastern European countries (EU Harmonizing
  project)
• many of the poorer countries