IT versus ICT

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IT versus ICT

• Information Technology computer hardware,
  software and services.
• Information and Communications Technology clear
  distinctions between information technology and
  telecommunications are exceedingly difficult.

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Constructivism

• Bruner
• Based on our experience, we construct our own
  understanding of the world
• Learning is the search for meaning
• Learning process focuses on the learning of
  concepts, not facts

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Constructivist

• Using what learners know about the world, develop
  concepts (broad and specific) through making
  relationships.
• Building real life connections

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Social Cognition

• Vygotsky
• Culture and interaction with others is the prime
  determinant of development
• Zone of proximal development
• Ability to understand concepts fully with aid of
  a knowledgable facilitator
• Scaffolding

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Constructivism and Social Cognition

• Interaction among learners and teachers, more
  knowledgeable peers, experts.
• Forms of new media facilitates this.

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Constructivism and Social Cognition

• Interaction among learners and teachers, more
  knowledgeable peers, experts.
• Forms of new media facilitates this.

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Key Findings

• From Donovan, Bransford, and Pellegrino, Eds.
  (1999) How people earn Bridging research and
  practice.

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• Students come to the classroom with
  preconceptions about how the world works. If
  initial understanding is not engaged, they may
  eventually revert to preconceptions.

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• To develop competence in an area of inquiry,
  students must
• Have a deep foundation of factual knowledge
• Understand facts and ideas in the context of the
  conceptual framework
• Organize knowledge that facilitates retreival

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• Meta-cognitive approach.
• Take control of learning
• Monitoring

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Multiple representations

• Represent Theoretical, View content in various
  forms  

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Manipulate Variables

• Test-Retest in controlled environment 

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Tools to facilitate any learning environment

• Productivity Tools Use data in many forms, text,
  spreadsheet, database, etc. 

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Internet 
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Information Access

• Easy to find "Information" 

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Literacy Issues  
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Conventions

• Research and Desktop Tools
• Production Tools
• Internet
• Vast amounts of data
• Overview of networking
• Hyperlinks
• Diagnose a URL (whitehouse)
• Searching (engines)
• Correlation with those conventions of video games

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Thinking Critically

• Who developed the content?
• Were they qualified?
• For what purpose?
• What were their motivations?
• ?
• When was it developed?
• Could be out of date

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Five critical questions for any medium

• From Brunner Talley book
• How was it constructed?
• Aspect of reality from a particular perspective
• What are the conventions?
• Learners need to know the medium
• What values underlie the content?

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Thinking Critically

• From Brunner Talley book
• Who is the intended audience?
• Learners will bring their own assumptions
• Who owns it, who benefits?
• Who is trying to sell what to whom?

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Construction

• Learners can learn through the organization of
  materials and the construction of
  documents. Desktop publishing, videos, websites,
  computer programs, etc. Learn through teaching
  others 

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Assessment Instant Feedback
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Record Keeping

• Novel Assessments Concept Mapping 

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Intelligent systems

• Addresses individual differences Learning
  Styles Underrepresented Groups