New Energy and Industrial Technology

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Millennium Project The Codes Standards
Project of Japan for PEFC and Hydrogen
Technologies
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO) Nobuhiro KURIYAMA FCTESTNET
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP on FUEL CELL TESTING and
REVIEW of CODES STANDARDS ACTIVITIES Oct. 22,
2004
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Framework for Fuel Cell Commercialization and
Diffusion in Japan

• Policy Study Group for Fuel Cell
  Commercialization
• was established in Dec. 1999.
• As a private study group for the
  Director-General of the Agency
• of Natural Resources and Energy.
• Chair-person Prof. Yohich KAYA(Keio Univ.)

Cooperation

• Fuel Cell Commercialization Conference of
  Japan(FCCJ)
• was established in Mar. 2001.
• As a voluntary organization in industries.
• President Taizo NISHIMURO(Toshiba)
• Examinations and discussions on the
  commercialization and
• widespread use of fuel cells.

Drawing up Program on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel
Cells and Hydrogen Energy Utilization Technology
(Aug. 2001)
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Fuel Cell Commercialization and Diffusion Scenario
1 Now to 2005(Basic work and technology
demonstration stage)
- Drawing up FC RD Strategy and its
Implementation - Soft-infrastructure/Codes
Standards (Millennium project) -
Demonstration - Establishment of Fuel
Standards
2 2005 to 2010(Introduction stage)
- Acceleration of the Introduction and
Gradual Establishment of Fuel Supply System -
Leadership of Public Sectors as well as FC
Industries in Promotion of FCV and Buses
3 After 2010(Diffusion stage)
- Establishment of Fuel Supply System and
Self-sustained Growth of the Market -
Private Sectors Promotion of the Introduction
Forecast of Fuel Cell Introduction 2010
FY 2020 FY 2030 FY FCV 50,000 vehicles
5,000,000 15,000,000 Stationary FC 2.2 million
kW 10 million 12.5 million
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PEFC/Hydrogen Energy Utilization Projects of NEDO
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About Millennium Projects
1999 8 Projects for Human Life in the Next
Millennia presented by the Prime Minister, Mr.
Obuchi
1. Information Technology (IT) in School 2. IT in
the Government 3. IT and Communication for the
21th Century 4. Research on Genome of Human and
Rice 5. Research on community for Aged People 6.
RD to Overcome Green House Effect -
Popularization of PEFC Systems - High Speed
Ship with High Efficiency - Obs. of Green
House Effect Gases in a Stratosphere - Obs.
of the Ocean 7. Recycle and Reuse of Waste 8.
Research on Construction of a Circulative Society
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Review of Regulations for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Schedule of Regulation Review
5 items against demonstrative operations of FC by
the end of 2002
23 items against initial market introduction of FC
Private sector will prepare drafts of review, by
FY2003.
Result No Problem
Government will review the regulations in FY2004.
From 2005, these regulations will be suitable for
market introduction of FC using hydrogen as
energy source.
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Establishment of Codes and Standards for
Popularization of PEFC Systems
Technology development verification tests
International Standardization
Results
Feed back
Millennium Project Establishment of Codes and
Standards for Popularization of PEFC
Systems (20002004)
IEC/TC105 (FC) IEC/TC69 (EV) ISO/TC22
(EV) ISO/TC197 (Hydrogen tech.)
Soft Infrastructure Establishment of Codes and
Standard
Proposal of Fuel Quality Standard
Test Methods for PEFC
Codes / Regulation

Safety Reliability Evaluation
Fuel quality Contaminant Additive
Performances of Output, Fuel
Expense, Response, Heat
Generation Efficiency, Environment
Effect???
Trouble Measures Protection Technology Maintenance
Technology
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Trends of Budget for PEFC and Hydrogen in NEDO
Billion Yens
WE-NET Project PEFC RD Phase III
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Structure of the Millennium Project
Ebara-Ballard IHI Matsushita MHI Nippon Oil
Corp. Nuvera Sanyo Toshiba-IFC Toyota
IEC TC105(FC) -JEMA(JARI)
ISO TC197(Hydrogen Tech.) -ENAA(JARI)
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Stationary Fuel Cell System
ltFC Systemsgt Ebara-Ballard IHI Matsushita
MHI Nippon Oil Corp. Nuvera Sanyo
Toshiba-IFC Toyota
Japan Gas Association
Performance and Safety of PEFC Systems
1-5kW Class Fuel Cell Test Station for
residential houses (Japan Gas Appliance
Inspection Association)
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Test Items for Stationary Fuel Cell System

• Performance Test Items
• - Basic Performance
• Start-Stop, Efficiency, Effect of Load Change
  etc.
• - Durability, Reliability, Influence of
  Environment
• Weather, Operation Pattern, Vibration, EMC
  etc.
• - Influence for Environment
• Exhausted Gas, Noise Level
• Safety Test Items
• - Omission of Inert Gas Purge Process
• Operation Data without Inert Gas Purge
• - Reduction of the Present Clearance Distance
  (gt3m)
• Temperature Data outside PEFC systems
• - Simple Regulation for PEFC Systems below 10kW
• Electrical Safety (Insulation, Noise Clearance
  etc.)
• Safety on Trouble in Fuel Supply, Control, etc.

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Output (Stationary Fuel Cell System)

• Domestic Standards
• - JIS Drafts on Testing of Performance, Safety,
  etc.
• - JEM Autonomous Safety Standard
• International Standards
• - IEC/TC105 WG2, WG3, WG4, WG5
• Module, Performance, Safety, Installation
• Domestic Codes and Regulation
• - Omission of Inert Gas Purge Process
  (Completed)
• - Reduction of Clearance Distance (within
  FY2004)
• Distance where a wall is kept below 100 deg.C
• - Simple Regulation for PEFC Systems below 10kW
• Operation without licensed persons
• Omission of notification
• Omission of an anti-backfire valve

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Fuel Cell Vehicle and Related Systems
Japan Automobile Research Institute
2.5kW Fuel Cell Stack
JARI Standard Single Cell
Performance of Stacks and FCVs Fuel Quality
(Hydrogen for FCVs) Safety Test of Stacks,
FCV with a H2 Supply System
100kW Class Fuel Cell Test Station with JARI
Original Fuel Cell Stack for FCV
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Test Items for Fuel Cell Vehicle

• Performance Test Items
• - Fuel Consumption Rate, - Emission, - Noise,
  - EMC
• - Electric Power of FC Stacks, - FCV Power
  Dynamics
• - Reformer, - Materials for PEFC
• Fuel Quality Test Items (Hydrogen)
• - Impurities and their Concentration
• - Additives to give Odor and Visible Flame to H2
  Gas
• Safety Test Items
• - Shock Test, Crash Test, Requirement to
  Construction
• FC Stack, Reformer, H2 Storage Tank (35MPa)
• - Bonfire Test
• Fuel System, H2 Storage Tank, FC Stack etc.
• - H2 Leak (Limit for Leak, Detection)
• - Electric Leak (Insulation, High Voltage and
  Current)

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Output (Fuel Cell Vehicle)

• Performance
• - Fuel Consumption Rate Testing Protocol with
  1 accuracy.
• CD at ISO/TC22/SC21/WG2 has been submitted.
• - Stack Output Testing Protocol with 1
  accuracy
• - FCV Dynamics Testing Protocol (ISO/TC22/SC21
  CD)
• - No emission from FCVs (CO, NOx, THC, etc.)
  was detected.
• - JARI Standard Single Cell become popular in
  universities etc.
• Fuel Quality (Hydrogen)
• - Impurity Level of H2 for FCVs is proposed
  (ISO/TC197 WG12)
• - 4 odorants, ethyl isobutyrate etc., have been
  chosen.
• Safety
• - Contribution to revision of the Japanese
  regulations.
• Codes for High Pressure Gas and Vehicles for
  Transportation
• Bonfire Test, Release Method of H2, H2
  Leak Rate etc.

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Test Methods for H2 Fuel Consumption Rate

• Electric Current Method Error 4
• Pressure and Temperature Method Error lt 1
• Weight Measurement Method Error lt 1

Hydrogen consumptioncc/min CurrentA 6.969
cell number
H2 Consumptiong/test Weight before
Testg - Weight after Testg
These results were reported to ISO/TC22/SC21 and
proposed the draft
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Weight Measurement Method
Advantages H2 leak and purge can be measured.
No correction on gas is required. Disadvantages
Vehicle rearrangement is required.
High performance gravimeter Full Scale 64kg
Minimum Reading0.1g (H2about 1.1L)
10L Tank (10kg)
47L Tank (55kg)
Error of Mass Method ()
Error of Mass Method ()
Flow Rate
Flow Rate
The amount of H2 consumption is controlled by
sonic nozzle
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Performance Test for Fuel Cell
JARI Standard Single Cell

• Estimation of performance of materials, polymer
  electrolyte and MEA, in PEFC with the Standard
  Single Cell
• Independent of each cell performance
• Under same condition on any laboratories.

One channel, Serpentine
Standard Membrane Electrode Assembly
for the Single
Cell Electrode Area 50 x 50 mm Electrolyte
Gore Select, Nafion 115 Anode Catalyst
Pt, Pt-Ru Cathode Catalyst Pt
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Estimate Influence on Impurities of Fuel Gas and
Air
With the JARI standard single cell
JARI
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A New Facility for safety test of Fuel Cell
Vehicles to establish code, standard and
regulations
Inside the test circuit
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicle Safety Evaluation
Facility Hy-SEF
JARI
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Fire-and-Explosion- Resistant Test Dome
Safety of FCVs and H2 systems can be
tested without influence of weather and wind, and
to surroundings
Tests for FCVs
Tests for H2 Vessels
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Codes, Standards, and Regulations
Regulation
Standard
Liaison
METI
MLIT
Domestic
JARI FCEV Technical Committee
ENNA
JEMA
Liaison
JAMA FCV Technical Committee
JASIC
Observer
SAE
ISO/ TC197
IEC/ TC105
ISO/TC22 /SC21
UN-ECE/ WP29 GRPE
Automobile
Vehicle Regulation Pollution Energy
Hydrogen
Fuel Cell
Electric Vehicle
Liaison
International Harmonization
EIHP
JEVAJapan Electric Vehicle Association
ENNAEngineering
Advancement Association of Japan
JEMAJapan Electrical Manufacturers
Association JARIJapan Automobile Research
Institute JASICJapan Automobile Standards
Internationalization C.
SAESociety of Automotive Engineers UNUnited
Nations ECEEconomic Commission for
Europe WP29World Forum for Harmonization of
Vehicle Regulations GRPEGroup of Reporters on
Pollution and Energy EIHPEuropean Integrated
Hydrogen Project
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Summary

• The results in the Millennium Project have been
  contributed to
• Revision of Domestic Codes and Regulations for
  FC and H2
• High Pressure Gas Safety, Vehicle for
  Transportation
• Fire Low, Electricity Business Low, etc.
• Discussion of International Standards for FC and
  H2
• ISO/TC22/SC21 Fuel Efficiency Testing of FCVs
• Power Dynamics Testing of FCVs
• ISO/TC197 Impurity Level of H2 for FCVs
• IEC/TC105 Module, Performance, Safety, and
• Installation of Stationary FCs
• Research and Development of FC systems
• Behavior of FCs depending on Power, Impurity in
  H2, etc.
• JARI Standard Single Cell and Testing Protocols

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Future Plan

• The Millennium Project will be completed in
  FY2004 (at 3/05)
• A New Project on Codes and Standards will be
  requested
• CS for hydrogen systems up to 70MPa
• CS for low cost and convenient FC systems with
  safety
• Test Protocols to support RD of FC and H2
  systems
• (effective to evaluation of new material for
  FC)
• The following contributions are planning
• Future Contribution to Codes and Standards on FC
  and H2
• JIS, ISO/TC22/SC21, ISO/TC197, IEC/TC105
• Improvement of Domestic Codes and Regulations
• Support of RD on FC and H2 systems in the World
• though international frameworks (IPHE, IEA, ISO,
  IEC ...)
• by opening protocols and testing information