New Perspectives in International Research and Cooperation

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New Perspectives in International Research and
Cooperation

• Presentation 18.10.2000 in Bologna, Italy
• President Esko Tähti
• The Finnish Development Centre for Building
  Services

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HISTORY

• 1985 START OF VENT.
• 1985 START OF TLVS.
• 1991 START OF INVENT
• 1994 STOCKHOLM..
• 1997 START OF COST.
• 1997 OTTAWA.
• 2000 NEW MILLENIUM

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CHALLENGES 2003

• DGB.
• TARGET LEVELS.
• LIFE CYCLE..
• NETWORKING.
• PRACTICANTS.

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Parts of DGB 1

• 1. Industrial Air Technology - Description
• Introductory chapter to the Design Guide
  Book.Describes the reasons why more attention
  should be paid on industrial air technology.
  Describes also the definition and purpose of
  industrial air technology, and the basic system
  principles.

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Parts of DGB 2

• 2. Terminology
• Describes the set approach dealing with units,
  symbols and definitions, which are essential in
  providing texts which do not cause confusion by
  various chapters using different symbols relating
  to the same unit. Provides a common language
  throughout the book.

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Parts of DGB 3

• 3. Design Methodology
• Design Methodology is the systematic description
  of the technical design process of industrial air
  technology, as an elementary part of the whole
  life cycle of the industrial plant.

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Parts of DGB 4

• 4. Physical Fundamentals
• Introduces the important topics of fluid flow,
  properties of gases, heat and mass transfer and
  physical/chemical characteristics of
  contaminants. The aim is to assist all engaged in
  industrial air technology to understand the
  physical background of the issues involved.

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Parts of DGB 5

• 5. Physiological and Toxicological
• Considerations
• The chapter introduces fundamentals of human
  physiology and health requirements relevant in
  the control of indoor environment within
  industrial buildings.

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Parts of DGB 6

• 6. Target Levels
• The chapter presents a new concept called target
  levels. It outlines the role target levels in the
  systematic design methodology, scientific and
  technical grounds for assessing target levels for
  key parameters of industrial air technology,
  hierarchy of different target levels as well as
  some examples of quantitative targets.

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Parts of DGB 7

• 7. Principles of Air and Contaminant
• Movement inside and around Buildings
• This chapter presents the basic processes of air
  and contaminant movement, such as jets, plumes
  and boundary flows.

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Parts of DGB 8

• 8. Room Air Conditioning
• This chapter describes the room air conditioning
  process including interaction of different flow
  elements room air distribution, heating and
  cooling methods, process sources and
  disturbances. Air handling equipment, including
  room air heaters etc. is discussed as black
  boxes as far as possible.

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Parts of DGB 9

• 9. Air Handling Processes
• Describes the fundamentals of air handling
  processes and equipment, and given answers to
  questions relating to the theoretical background
  of air handling unit and ductwork dimensioning
  and building energy systems optimization.

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Parts of DGB 10

• 10. Local VentilationDescribes the aerodynamic
  principles, models and equations that govern the
  flow and the contaminant presence and transport
  in a designated volume of a work room. The
  purpose of Local ventilation is to control the
  transport of contaminants at or near the source
  of emission, thus minimizing the contaminants in
  the workplace air.

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Parts of DGB 11

• 11. Modelling Techniques
• The chapter describes calculation models for
  building energy demand and air flow in and around
  industrial buildings. Special attention is paid
  to simulation of airborne contaminant control.

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Parts of DGB 12

• 12. Experimental Techniques
• Experimental techniques cover a description of
  conventional measurement techniques used in
  ventilation, also other related topics like flow
  visualisation, laser based measurement techniques
  and scale model experiments.

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Parts of DGB 13

• 13. Gas Cleaning Technology
• Describes the fundamentals of gas cleaning
  technology in branches of removal of particulates
  and gaseous compounds. This chapter includes also
  the fundamentals of particulate and gaseous
  measurements technology.

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Parts of DGB 14

• 14. Pneumatic Conveying
• Basic principles of pneumatic conveying and
  equations are presented. A new pressure loss
• equation is presented with examples.

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Parts of DGB 15

• 15. Environmental Lifecycle Assessment
• Life cycle assessment, LCA is a compilation and
  evaluation of inputs, outputs and the potential
  environmental impacts of a product system
  throughout its life cycle. The LCA methodology is
  comprehensively described based on the ISO 14000
  series standards. References are also given to
  LCA information sources.

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Parts of DGB 16

• 16. Economical Aspects
• Life Cycle Cost (LCC) calculations are made to
  make sure that both the purchase price and the
  operating costs for life cycle are considered in
  investment decisions. In the chapter the basic
  calculation methods and sensitivity analysis are
  introduced. Examples of calculation results and
  references to LCC information sources are given.

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Why attention to industrial air technology?

• Through increased awareness of factors with
  influence on health, safety, productivity and
  energy efficiency in industry, the following
  benefits from advanced industrial air technology
  can be achieved

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Benefits

• Through better systems and equipment the indoor
  air quality is improved, which results in reduced
  absenteeism.
• Improved indoor air quality results in better
  work satisfaction, higher productivity and
  reduced number of failures in production.
• Through better indoor air quality the damage on
  building constructions, machinery and products
  will be reduced and this leads to essential
  savings in maintenance costs.

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Benefits 2

• With better systems and equipment and better
  usage patterns, the air flow can be reduced and
  thus a significant reduction in energy
  consumption can be achieved.
• Increased awareness leads to better selection of
  new energy-efficient systems in ventilation
  design.
• Better systems and equipment lead to cleaner
  surroundings and better image of the company.
• Environmental pollution is reduced through lower
  energy usage and lower emissions to the
  surroundings.

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Air technology systems
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INDUSTRIAL AIR TECHNOLOGY

• Air flow technologies to control workplace
  indoor environment and emissions

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INDUSTRIAL AIR TECHNOLOGY(Longer definition)

• 1. Air flow technologies to achieve and maintain
  a safe, healthy, productive and comfortable
  indoor environment in premises and occupied
  enclosures where this need is determined not only
  by human occupancy, normal human activities, and
  construction and finishing materials, but also
  and often primarily by other factors, for example
  production processes
• 2. Process air technology such as air and gas
  purification, drying, or pneumatic conveying.
• 3. Safety technology to minimize damages and
  hazards caused by accidents, fire and explosion

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What the definition includes?

• HOSPITALS
• -special/ isolated patient rooms (TB, AIDS)
• (not normal patient rooms)
• -laboratories
• -operation theatres
• PROFESSIONAL KITCHENS
• PROFESSIONAL LAUNDRIES
• CAR PARKS,
• MINING,
• VEHICLE TUNNELS
• POWER PLANTS (including nuclear)
• FOOD STORAGE

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INDUSTRIAL AIR TECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION -air conditioning
systems -local ventilation -general ind.
ventilation
SAFETY TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS AIR TECHNOLOGY -air and gas
purification -pneumatic conveying -drying
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Strengths of INVENT
1. INVENT is a unique technology programme from
an international perspective in the industrial
ventilation field. The INVENT programme is well
positioned to create new business opportunities
for Finnish companies in the projected booming
global markets in the industrial ventilation and
clean air technology fields.
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Strengths of INVENT

• 2. TEKES continues to play an exemplary role in
• -supporting advancement of nationally important
  technology
• -fostering rapid commercialization
• -striving to streamline process to support
  projects
• -selection of high quality canditates for the
  steering committee
• -encouraging dialogue and collaboration between
  Finnish and other international investigators
• -implementation of all recommendations from
  mid-course evaluation

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Strengths of INVENT

• 3. Outstanding job done by Mr. Esko Tähti
  (Programme Co-ordinator) to have vision and
  commitment to develop and manage the INVENT
  technology programme. Key features of success of
  the projects are
• -projects based on bottoms up principle
• -level of collaboration (both within Finland and
  internationally)
• -excellent reputation with industrial partners
• -first things first (remained focus)
• -building a critical mass to ensure ongoing
  continuation of the programme

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Strengths of INVENT

• 4. Formation of TAKE is an excellent sound
  business decision and has the following key
  components
• -vehicle for exploitation of INVENT (create new
  business opportunities)
• -funding from EU (COST Action, Thermie B)
• -promotion of the Design Guide Book, Seminars,
  Workshops, etc
• -support from Senior Business Leaders

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Lessons Learned
Include all stakeholders Careful solution of
executive governing committee Set realistic goals
and objectives Be lean and flexible Specific
timeline for programme Organizations to support
RD
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Recommendations for Future Directions and
Improvements
Project Management Skill Programme INVENT
Commercialization - continual support Role of
TEKES Mid-stage evaluation Create Center of
Excellence Sustain Research Culture
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Recommendations for Future Directions and
Improvements
Project Management Skill Programme INVENT
Commercialization - continual support Role of
TEKES Mid-stage evaluation Create Center of
Excellence Sustain Research Culture
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Conclusions of INVENT Evaluation
Finland is a Global Leader in the Field of IAQ
in Industrial Workplaces H.D. Goodfellow
Dec/96
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• DESIGN GUIDE BOOK Publication Dates
• Fundamentals (1500 pages) 2000
• Systems and Equipment 2003
• Applications (30 total) 1997-2003
• CONTRIBUTORS
• More than 100 international experts
• 15 - 20 countries
• FUNDING
• COST Action (Research projects)
• Thermie B (Dissemination)
• Companies/ Associations / Countries

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INVENT CONCEPT

• Support Development for Research Projects
• Target Level
• Design Methodology
• Equipment and Systems

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IMPORTANT FACTORS
much research needs to be done deficiency of
reliable design information no harmonization of
design equations ventilation field is fragmented
on a global basis ventilation systems are dynamic
(must talk about systems and equipment) no
accepted design methodology need to define target
levels and boundary conditions
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Present (1980s - 2000)
International Symposiums on Ventilation for
Contaminant Control Vent85 Toronto,
Canada Vent88 London, UK Vent91 Cincinnati
, USA Vent94 Stockholm, Sweden Vent97 Otta
wa, Canada Vent 2000 Helsinki, Finland Vent
2003 Sapporo, Japan
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Classification scheme for target levelsof
industrial air quality
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DESIGN GUIDE BOOK (DGB)
Fundamentals Systems and Equipment Applications
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FUNDAMENTALS
BASIS Total systems approach Design equations
from first principles Best international
scientific results
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FUNDAMENTALS
FACTS /- 1000 pages Publisher ( Academic
Press ) Co-editors ( H. Goodfellow / E. Tahti
) 40 - 50 international writers More than 20
countries
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SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT practical design
guide APPLICATIONS 30 - 40 specific industries
being considered 40 - 50 pages in length
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COST ACTION ( 1996 - 2001 )
LIST OF SIGNATURES Belgium Italy
Czech Netherlands Denmark
Norway Finland Spain France
Sweden Germany Switzerland Hungary
United Kingdom ASHRAE/USA
ABOK/Russia University of Toronto /Canada
SHASE/Japan Total Research Budget 10
MILLION US
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COST ACTION ( 1996 - 2001 )
OBJECTIVES 1. Collect international background
information 2. Design methodology 3. Target
levels 4. New Design Criteria 5. Innovative
solutions 6. Tools for lifecycle analysis 7. Case
studies 8. Identify knowledge gaps
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OBJECTIVES OF COE ININDUSTRIAL VENTILATION
World class scientists Manage multi-disciplinary,
multi-sectorial projects Satellite centers (
North America, Asia, etc. ) Accelerate exchange
of research results
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INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
STATE-OF-THE-ART STUDY E. Tahti 1989
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INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
INVENT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM Finland 1991-1996
STATE-OF-THE-ART STUDY E. Tahti 1989
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INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
STATE-OF-THE ART STUDY E. Tahti 1989
INVENT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM Finland 1991-1996
1996 - 2003
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INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
STATE-OF-THE ART STUDY E. Tahti 1989
INVENT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM Finland 1991-1996
1996 - 2003
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HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL VENTILATIONINTERNATIONAL
EDITION

• WHY?
• 1. No scientific basis for many applications.
• 2. No harmonization of design equations.
• 3. Gaps in technical literature not defined.
• 4. Many books are out-of-date.

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HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL VENTILATIONINTERNATIONAL
EDITION

• WHY?
• 5. No longer acceptable to overdesign.
• 6. No handbook in the ventilation field.
• 7. No accepted design methodology.
• 8. Ventilation field is fragmented on a global
• basis so need collaboration by a team of
• international experts.

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HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL VENTILATIONINTERNATIONAL
EDITION

• WHY?
• 9. Excellent opportunity to collate worldwide RD
  efforts into single handbook.
• 10. Timely - INVENT program has obtained momentum
  and a critical mass to make projects successful.

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PUBLISHING Publisher Academic Press San
Diego, Ca Book Fundamentals (Internationa
l edition) Co-editors H. Goodfellow / E.
Tähti Number of pages 1000 pages Number of
contributors 25 - 40 international
experts Publication date 2000
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DGB Timetable
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LCA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS , E.G. kg CO2
, ELUs
Infrastructural economy
USAGE
PRODUCTION
LIFE CYCLE, years
INVESTMENT
USAGE
Private economy
LCC PRESENT VALUE OF USAGE INVESTMENT, EUR ,
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1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8
LIFE CYCLE, years
LCCE , present value of energy costs
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LIFE CYCLE, years
1,5 3 4,5
6 9
Maintenance cost/period
Disposal cost
LCCM LCCD, Maintenance Disposal cost (present
value)
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Ventilation unit, Life Cycle Costs, 20 years, 4
Disposal, EUR
300 000
Maintenace, EUR
Energy, EUR
250 000
Investment, EUR
200 000
Life Cycle costs,
EUR
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
K1'
K4'
K7'
Combination code of unit
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disposal
40000
maintenance
35000
energy
investment
30000
25000
20000
Life cycle costs (present value)
15000
10000
5000
0
4,5 m2
6,5 m2
7,6 m2
9,4 m2
19 m2
2,66,5 m2
Filter area