GLOBAL ENCOUNTERS, 16001800

1
CHAPTER 16

• GLOBAL ENCOUNTERS, 1600-1800

2
Response to European Influence

• European influence was felt in a variety of ways
  and to varying degrees.
• This chapter discusses the responses to foreign
  intrusion in those areas in
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• The Islamic world
• East and Southeast Asia.

3
Sub-Saharan Africa

• European impact on sub-Saharan African tribal
  societies was dramatically disruptive.
• The trans-Atlantic slave trade exploited the
  divisions between tribes, whose conflicts ensured
  a steady supply of captives for the plantations
  of the New World.

4
African Colonization

• The colonization of Europeans of the Cape of Good
  Hope caused the disintegration of native
  societies there as well.

5
Muslim Empires

• The once-mighty Muslim empires of the Ottoman
  Turks and Persians declined from within without
  much pressure from outside.

6
Mughul Dynasty

• The Mughul dynasty in India was also in decline
  when European rivalries caught them up in a
  whirlwind of empire building by the French and
  British.

7
Southeast Asia

• Was divided into competing states
• Was forced into patterns determined by the
  growing trade ambitions of
• Holland
• France
• England.

8
Pacific Islands

• With their scattered and isolated cultures, the
  Pacific islands were also swept up in the oceanic
  explorations of the Europeans.

9
Manchu China

• The most advanced of these societies.
• Was magnificently integrated but stagnant.
• To insulate this cultural self-sufficiency, they
  tried to maintain only minimal contact with
  European traders.

10
Korea and Japan

• Sealed themselves off almost entirely from the
  outside.

11
Europes Challenge

• None of the societies described in this chapter
  had yet experienced the full challenge of Europe.
• They would soon be challenged to change and
  modernize in accordance with the European
  scientific and capitalistic experience.

12
Responses Same as Initially

• In the subsequent years of the nineteenth
  century, as will be seen in later chapters, each
  of these traditional societies would again have
  to respond just as they had in the initial
  encounters described here.

13
European Agenda

• As in the first confrontation, the Europeans
  would set the agenda.
• But the various traditional societies would bring
  to their responses to the challenge of
  modernization all the individual characteristics
  that they had on the eve of European contact.

14
Diversity of Responses

• They all eventually responded to the challenge of
  modernization
• But they did so each with a special individual
  diversity born of a cultural pride in what they
  had once accomplished as traditional
  civilizations.

15
Diversity of the World

• The diversity of the modern world stems from this.

16
YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND

• The impact of European imperialism on sub-Saharan
  Africa, East and Southeast Asia, India, and the
  Pacific area.
• The structures of the traditional societies in
  these areas.

17
YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND

• The factors in the decline in India, Iran,
  Ottoman empire, China, Southeast Asia, and Korea.