Family structure matters

1
Family structure matters
Non Cooperative mononuclear families
24
2
Family structure matters
Non Cooperative mononuclear families
25
3
Family structure matters
Non Cooperative mononuclear families
26
4
Major differences between sites
19
5
Family inheritance

• Customary inheritance system
• Local version of the Muslim inheritance system

27
6
Family transitions
28
7
Family transitions (1)

• Family organization evolutions
• Tact The AntiClan tension

For every adult family member who is not the head
or the first heir
29
8
Family transitions (2)

• Family inheritance evolutions
• Tft The land tenure tension

For the family head
30
9
Site-specific adaptations

• Four family types

• In different proportions depending on sites
• Race between family change types

• Better wealth per capita

• better social environmental performances
• More small livestock "remunerating" vs.
  "off-shore" saving account
• Higher diversification income distribution

• Through evolutions that depends on sites
• Less-favored site Zermou ? livestock ?
  migration
• Medium site Fakara ? demographic growth ?
  migration
• Most-favored site Gabi ? gardening ?
  livestock

31
10
Development incentives
32
11
Development incentives

• Warrantage inventory credit

If enough for he/she Dependents Wit-1 gt
NWi t-1 ?
Balance of the years
warrantage
If enough for he/she Dependents Fit-1 gt
NFi t-1 ?
33
12
Development incentives low success

• A low success mainly due to poor savings
• Warrantage

MAXIMUM 10 to 25 Large better-settled
families Higher lineage (3.2 vs. 2.8)
Family head older (48 years-old vs. 43) Big
and growing Families More manpower, more land
Only families with a saving capacity get involved.
Warrantage income saving tool An alternative to
livestock ?
34
13
Development incentives low success

• A low success mainly due to poor savings
• Inorganic fertilizers

MAXIMUM 8 to 10 2 types families in
transition Small young growing families Large
old but shrinking families
Only families with a manpower limitation a
minimum saving capacity get involved.
An alternative to manpower livestock
Inorganic fertilizers
35
14
A powerful methodology of integration

• SimSahel An methodologically efficient model
• A modeling field methodology for poorly
  data-deserved areas
• to integrate the complexity from different
  scientific disciplines (social biophysics)
• In spite / thanks to its complexity, a robust
  meaningful model
• Extendable for new developing country issues
• Linked to the epistemological assumptions
• Population vs. resources, territory or activity
• Individual vs. household
• Balance between activities Balance between
  finalities

36
15
Family structures changes

• Importance of both social biophysical factors
• Small causes, large effects
• Site living conditions determine the social
  evolutions
• Large differentiations occur among villagers
• Among families
• Within families

• A future of individuality?
• Expansion of individually-base activities
• Expansion of small mononuclear families
• Expansion of small crop units gt intensification
  or disintegration ?
• Decrease of the demographic growth ?

37
16
MERCI
17
Family individually based development

• Inorganic fertilizers only few family
  categories
• Focus on these families reduce project ambitions
• Or Enlarge the proposal to other groups
  (youngsters, women)

• Financial credit that include livestock ?
• For instance, a sheep-based cropping cycle-term
  loan
• Support local supplementation products

• Multi activity. What about seasonal migration?

37