Measuring Up 2004

1
Measuring Up 2004

• Georgia

2
Measuring Up The Basics

• Looks at higher education for the entire state,
  not individual colleges and universities.
• Focuses on undergraduate education and training
  beyond high school.
• Measures performance, not effort.
• Diagnostic rather than prescriptive.
• New this year progress over the past decade.

3
Measuring Up The Basics

• Six categories of performance (five graded).
• Grades benchmarked to best performing states.
• Uses nationally comparable data, available from
  public sources.
• Uses the most recent data available.
• In general, data have a two-year time lag.
• Affordability data are one year old.

4
Measuring Up Graded Categories

• Preparation How adequately are students being
  prepared for education and training beyond high
  school?
• Participation Do state residents enroll in
  education and training beyond high school?
• Affordability How affordable is higher
  education for students and their families?
• Completion Do students make progress toward and
  complete certificates and degrees in a timely
  manner?
• Benefits What benefits does the state receive
  as a result of having a more highly-educated
  population?
• Learning What is known about student learning
  as a result of education and training beyond high
  school?

5
National TrendsOver the Past Decade

• Eight states improved substantially in
  Preparation as well as in Participation.
• Thirty-six states, including Georgia, improved
  substantially in Preparation but failed to
  improve in Participation.
• Almost all states, including Georgia, have lost
  ground in Affordability.

6
Over the Past Decade, Georgia Has Slipped in
Providing College Opportunities
7
GEORGIA
2004 Report Card
Preparation Participation Affordability Completion
Benefits Learning
C
D
F
B
B
I
8
GEORGIA
Improvement Over Past Decade
?
Preparation
Participation
Affordability
Completion
Benefits
Learning
What do the arrows mean?
Improved on more than half of the indicators in
the category.
Improved on some, but no more than half, of the
indicators in the category.
Declined on every indicator in the category.
9
Preparation
GEORGIA
2004 Grade
Improvement Over Decade
C
10
NATIONAL SNAPSHOT
Preparation
11
SOUTHERN REGION
Preparation
Georgia's performance in Preparation is in the
middle of Southern states.
100
90
76
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
LA
AL
MS
TN
OK
KY
AR
GA
SC
FL
TX
WV
NC
VA
Southern States
12
Preparation
GEORGIA

• STRENGTHS
• Over 70 of high school students are taught by
  qualified teachers. Compares well with other
  states.

13
Preparation
GEORGIA

• WEAKNESSES
• One of lowest-performing states in percentage of
  young people earning high school credential.
• 8th graders perform poorly on national
  assessments in math, science, reading, and
  writing.

14
Preparation
GEORGIA

• WEAKNESSES
• Very small proportions of 11th and 12th graders
  take and score well on Advanced Placement exams.
• High school students do not perform well on
  college entrance exams.

15
Participation
GEORGIA
2004 Grade
Improvement Over Decade
D
16
NATIONAL SNAPSHOT
Participation
17
SOUTHERN REGION
Participation
Georgias performance in Participation is the
worst in the South.
100
90
80
70
63
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
GA
MS
LA
WV
TN
AR
SC
AL
OK
TX
FL
NC
KY
VA
Southern States
18
Participation
GEORGIA

• STRENGTHS
• Over past decade, college participation gap
  narrowed between young adults from low-income and
  high-income families. Substantially larger
  percentage of low-income students enroll in
  college, compared with decade ago. However, gap
  in college participation between income groups
  remains large.

19
Participation
GEORGIA

• WEAKNESSES
• Over past decade, likelihood of 9th graders
  enrolling in college within four years dropped
  substantiallymore than nationwide decline.
  Decrease primarily due to decline in percentage
  of students graduating from high school.
• Small percentage of working-age adults
  participate in college-level education or
  training. Percentage has slipped over decade.

20
Participation
GEORGIA

• WEAKNESSES
• About 15 of adults do not have high school
  diploma or equivalent (national average 14),
  making them ineligible for participation in
  higher education.

21
Affordability
GEORGIA
2004 Grade
Improvement Over Decade
F
22
NATIONAL SNAPSHOT
Affordability
23
SOUTHERN REGION
Affordability
Georgias performance in Affordability is in the
middle of Southern states however, overall
performance in the region is poor.
100
90
Grades
80
A A- B B B- C C C- D D D- F
93 and up 90-92 87-89 83-86 80-82
77-79 73-76 70-72 67-69 63-66 60-62
Below 60
70
60
53
50
40
30
20
10
0
AL
SC
TN
WV
MS
FL
GA
LA
AR
OK
KY
VA
NC
TX
Southern States
24
Affordability
GEORGIA

• WEAKNESSES
• Net college costs for low- and middle-income
  students to attend public two- or four-year
  institutions represent about third of annual
  family income, even when HOPE scholarship taken
  into account. This population earns on average
  20,201 annually.

25
Completion
GEORGIA
2004 Grade
Improvement Over Decade
B
26
NATIONAL SNAPSHOT
Completion
27
SOUTHERN REGION
Completion
Georgias performance in Completion is in the
middle of Southern states.
100
86
90
Grades
80
A A- B B B- C C C- D D D- F
93 and up 90-92 87-89 83-86 80-82
77-79 73-76 70-72 67-69 63-66 60-62
Below 60
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
OK
AR
TX
WV
LA
KY
TN
AL
MS
SC
GA
VA
NC
FL
Southern States
28
Completion
GEORGIA

• STRENGTHS
• Performs well in percentage of community college
  students returning for second year. However,
  percentage declined substantially over past
  decademore than nationwide decrease.
• Very large proportion of freshmen at four-year
  colleges and universities return for sophomore
  year. Over past few years, among top ten states
  in improvement on this measure.

29
Completion
GEORGIA

• STRENGTHS
• Very high proportion of students complete
  certificates and degrees relative to number
  enrolled. Proportion increased over past decade,
  surpassing nationwide improvement. Most growth in
  certificates awarded. Large decline in
  associates and bachelors degrees awarded.

30
Completion
GEORGIA

• STRENGTHS
• Gap has narrowed between whites and blacks in
  proportion of students completing certificates
  and degrees relative to number enrolled. However,
  gap remains substantial.

31
Completion
GEORGIA

• WEAKNESSES
• Small proportion of first-year, full-time college
  students complete bachelors degree in six years.
  Among steepest declines in nation over past few
  years.

32
Benefits
GEORGIA
2004 Grade
Improvement Over Decade
B
33
NATIONAL SNAPSHOT
Benefits
34
SOUTHERN REGION
Benefits
Georgias performance in Benefits is among the
best in the South.
100
90
83
Grades
80
A A- B B B- C C C- D D D- F
93 and up 90-92 87-89 83-86 80-82
77-79 73-76 70-72 67-69 63-66 60-62
Below 60
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
WV
AR
SC
MS
LA
NC
TN
AL
OK
FL
TX
GA
KY
VA
Southern States
35
Benefits
GEORGIA

• STRENGTHS
• Over past decade, economic benefits that Georgia
  enjoys from having educated population increased
  substantiallymore than nation as whole.
• Gap narrowed between whites and minority ethnic
  groups in percentage with bachelors degree over
  past decade. However, gap remains large.

36
Benefits
GEORGIA

• WEAKNESSES
• Compared with other states, fairly small
  proportion of residents have bachelors degree.

37
Benefits
GEORGIA

• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
• If all ethnic groups had same educational
  attainment and earnings as whites, total personal
  income in state would be about 9.3 billion
  higher, and state would realize an estimated 3.3
  billion in additional tax revenues.

38
Learning
GEORGIA
Forty-five states, including Georgia, receive an
Incomplete in Learning because no comparable data
exist to allow for meaningful state-by-state
comparisons.
2004 Grade
I
39
Learning
NATIONAL SNAPSHOT
40
Learning
GRADING LEARNING
States with a plus grade (IL, KY, NV, OK, SC)
participated in a national pilot project on
measuring Learning led by the National Forum on
College-Level Learning.
41
Learning
GRADING LEARNING

• The pilot project measured the states in terms
  of
• Literacy levels of the states residents What
  are the abilities of the college-educated?
• Graduates readiness for advanced practice How
  well do colleges and universities enable students
  to contribute to the workforce?
• Performance of college graduates How
  effectively can college graduates communicate and
  solve problems?

42
GEORGIA

• Policy Questions

43
Policy Questions
GEORGIA

• Can higher education build upon partnerships with
  K12 schools to improve student achievement and
  preparation for college? Can Georgia increase the
  number of students who finish high school within
  four years and enroll in college thereafter?

44
Policy Questions
GEORGIA

• Considering that approximately 15 of adults do
  not have a high school diploma or its equivalent,
  can the state encourage more residents to get a
  General Education Development (GED) credential?

45
Policy Questions
GEORGIA

• Can Georgia provide college opportunities for the
  increasing numbers of high school students
  expected to graduate and enroll in college?
• Can the states four-year institutions
  accommodate all the students who are eligible to
  transfer from community colleges?

46
Policy Questions
GEORGIA

• Can the states two-year colleges be made more
  affordable, particularly for low- and
  middle-income families?
• Georgias HOPE scholarship program provides funds
  for students to enroll in higher education based
  largely on academic performance in high school.
  Can the state develop financial aid programs
  focusing on students financial need in order to
  ensure access to college for all qualified
  students?

47
For More Information

• Full State Report
• Measuring Up 2004 http//measuringup.highereducati
  on.org
• About the Center
• The National Center for Public Policy and Higher
  Education http//www.highereducation.org