American Rehabilitation Counseling Association ARCA 50th Educational Conference

1
American Rehabilitation Counseling Association
(ARCA) 50th Educational Conference

• Tampa, Florida U.S.A.
• November 2007

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• The Status of Rehabilitation Counseling Services
  Across the Globe
• Rapporteurs/Coordinators
• David Hershenson, Ph.D.
• Professor Emeritus, University of
  Maryland-College Park
• Irmo Marini, Ph.D.
• University of Texas, Pan America
• Daniel Wong, Ph.D.
• East Carolina University

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International Panel

• Nicholas Buys, Ph.D.
• Griffith University, Australia
• Hal Cain, Ph.D.
• Queens University, Canada
• Kane Hattori, Ph.D.
• Kobe City College of Nursing, Japan
• Gail Kovacs
• Vocational Rehabilitation Association, United
  Kingdom

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International Panel

• Li Jian Jun, MD
• Qiu Zhouying, Ph.D.
• Shi Hongmei
• China Rehabilitation Research Center, China
• Ming-Hung Wang, Ph.D.
• Ming-Yi Wu, Ph.D.
• Taiwan Rehabilitation Association, National
  Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan

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International Panel

• Jun Yaeda, Rh.D.
• University of Tsukuba, Japan
• Dal Yob Lee, Ph.D.
• Taegu University, Korea

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Rehabilitation Counselling in Australia
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Voc Rehab Counselling Services

• Vocational rehabilitation counselling services
  are provided in several systems
• Social security - Federal
• Workers compensation - State
• Motor accident State

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Provision of VR services

• Range of disciplines include
• Rehabilitation Counsellors
• Occupational therapists
• Psychologists
• Physiotherapists
• Social workers
• Range of titles
• Injury manager
• Rehabilitation coordinator
• Rehabilitation case manager
• Disability employment worker
• Training is usually a tertiary degree in one of
  the behavioural sciences or allied health

9
Status of Rehabilitation Counselling

• Rehabilitation Counselling profession exists in
  Australia
• Small numbers
• RC degree programs exist at Bachelors and/or and
  Masters level at 7 universities No registration
  or licensure
• Two professional bodies RCAA ASORC

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Status of Rehabilitation Counselling

• Rehabilitation Counselling Association of
  Australasia is of the view that voc rehab
  counselling services should be provided by
  professionals with specific tertiary training in
  rehabilitation counselling

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National legislation and policies

• Federal Government avoided issue of which
  professions should deliver VR services
• Focussed more on outcomes rather than which
  profession does the work
• State Governments more prescriptive in workers
  comp
• Queensland has Table of Costs specifying which
  professions can deliver what services and at what
  cost

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Role of Rehabilitation Counsellors

• Role depends on system and employer
• VR services for social security recipients case
  manage from intake through to job placement
• Occupational rehab services in workers comp and
  motor accident
• Full program
• Case coordination only
• Specific services such as vocational evaluation
  or job placement
• Disability employment services
• Job placement and retention

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Use of ICF in Rehabilitation

• Limited to date main areas of use
• Data collection
• Research - measure of therapy outcomes
• Classification system
• Identification of support needs
• Education

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Challenges for RC profession

• Deprofessionalisation of VR services
• Lack of recognition by governments
• Governments want outcomes not interested in who
  delivers services
• Small numbers
• Professional body lacks resources to lobby

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Challenges to providing services

• Fragmentation of service delivery system
• Ongoing employer reluctance to hire
• Aging population and increase in chronic
  conditions
• Lack of services in rural and remote areas
• Multiple service delivery systems
• Lack evidence base to guide practice

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Best outcomes practices

• Social security recipients
• Demand side approaches
• Workers compensation recipients
• Employer-based disability management programs
• Key stakeholders (doctors, employers, insurers,
  workers) fully engaged
• Provision of suitable return to work duties
• Focus on psychosocial issues not just medical
  issues
• Build healthy organisations with positive
  workplace cultures
• Reduce common law access

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Similarities/Differences with US

• Currently undertaking a study of RC competencies
  in Australia
• Limited studies to date indicate role and
  function is similar
• US has stronger focus on forensic rehab, possibly
  because more litigious

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• THANKS!

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Responses in context of Canada Rehabilitation
Counselling

• Hal. M. Cain, Ph.D., CRC
• Queens University
• Kingston, ON
• Rehabilitation Counselling Association of Canada

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Professional disciplines providing vocational
rehabilitation counselling services?

• a variety professional disciplines including, but
  not limited to
• occupational therapy
• social work
• psychology
• nursing
• a few practitioners specifically trained in
  counselling but fewer trained in rehabilitation
  counselling

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Official professional title of this
professional/discipline?

• there is no official professional title in
  Canada
• many practitioners call themselves
  Rehabilitation Consultants
• others adopt job titles, including
  Rehabilitation Counsellor, as set by various
  employers and employment settings
• Rehabilitation Counsellor and Vocational
  Rehabilitation Counsellor included in the
  National Occupational Classification (NOC)

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training or academic credential needed?

• no particular level or academic training
  specified
• in the NOC, under the category of Family,
  Marriage and Other Related Counsellors
• a masters degree in counselling, mental
  health, or related social service field is
  usually required
• however, the NOC also indicates that, An
  undergraduate degree or college diploma in a
  social science is required for certain areas of
  counselling.

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national legislation, policy and/or regulation
to support?

• no stand-alone legislation or policy in at the
  national level in Canada
• however, non-discrimination and rights laws are
  integrated into various legislation, such as the
  Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
• some federal funding and policy is given in
  support of disability related issues largely
  administered at a provincial level
• disability / rehab legislation and policy exists
  at the provincial and territorial level

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rehabilitation services guided by the
classifications of disabilities?

• The International Classification of Functioning,
  Disability, and Health (ICF) is used for
  classification of disabilities in Canada.

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role and function?

• role and function of rehabilitation counsellors
  in Canada is very similar to that of
  rehabilitation counselors in the U.S.
• rehabilitation counsellors do assessments/evaluati
  ons, manage cases, provide counselling, provide
  expert testimony, conduct research, etc.

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type of services rehabilitation counselors
provide?

• rehabilitation counsellors in Canada provide a
  variety of services depending on the setting
• these services include, but are not limited to
• case management
• vocational evaluation
• career/vocational counselling
• employment training.

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challenges of this profession?

• some of the challenges for rehabilitation
  counselling in Canada are the same as in the U.S.
• few lay people and not many allied rehabilitation
  professionals know what rehabilitation
  counselling is about
• issues of professional identity within the
  profession

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challenges of this profession? (continued)

• major specific challenges for rehabilitation
  counselling in Canada
• lack of rehab counsellor education programs (only
  one at this time)
• credentialing issues loss Canadian Certified
  Rehabilitation Counsellor (CCRC) no regulation
  of counselling in Canada except in Québec.

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challenges of providing vocational
psychosocial services to persons with
disabilities?

• widely accepted, typically supported, and largely
  available
• depending of province or territory, may be
  funding and procedural issues that pose a
  challenge for service providers

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best outcomes (e.g., employment outcome) and
best practices?

• Best outcomes in Canada are based on community
  integration, in general, and sustained
  employment.
• Best practice includes a whole-person approach.

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variables that play a major role in the voc
rehabilitation process?

• no major socio-demographic variables play a role
  in the vocational rehabilitation process in
  Canada
• in addition, everyone has equal access and
  protected from discrimination based on gender,
  age, and socio-economic, etc.

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role and function United States v. Canada?

• the role and function of rehabilitation
  counsellors in Canada are very similar to that of
  rehabilitation counselors in the U.S.
• differences in settings impact particular role
  and functions depending on the focus or mission
  of these various settings

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role and function United States v.
Canada? (continued)

• a major difference is the settings in which
  rehabilitation counselling is practiced
• In the U.S., the majority of rehabilitation
  counsellors appear to work in state/federal
  systems (public sector)
• In Canada rehabilitation counsellors work more in
  the private sector (for-profit and
  not-for-profit).

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Rehabilitation and Disability in China

• Li Jian Jun, MD
• Qiu Zhuoying, Ph.D.
• Shi HongMei, M.S.
• China Rehabilitation Research Center
• Beijing, China 100068

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Background Information on China

• History
• China is the one of the worlds most ancient
  civilizations with a recorded history of nearly
  4,000 years.
• UNDP Human Development Index
• According to the Human Development Report 2005
  (UNDP), China's Human Development Index (HDI)
  value in 2003 was 0.755, ranking 85th worldwide.

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development

• Population Natural population growth rate
• Fifth national census on 1 Nov 2000 by NBS
• Total Population 1,295,330,000.
• Population growth rate less than 10 per thousand.

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Statistics of Disability and Birth Defects
Disability statistics in China

• UN estimates 10 population with disability
• In 1996, China Disabled Persons Federation (CDPF)
  estimated 60 million disabled persons in China.
• About 5 of the total population has some type of
  a diagnosed disability.

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Composition of Disability
Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Laws, Policies and Coordination Mechanism of
disability and rehabilitation in China

• Laws and regulations on rehabilitation, education
  and protection for children
• LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE
  PROTECTION OF DISABLED PERSONS
• People with disabilities have the right to
  rehabilitation, education and social life
• National Rehabilitation Office
• Regulations and policies of rehabilitation
• Rehabilitation for All

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Rehabilitation and Disability System
Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development

• Administrative System
• State Council
• Ministries
• CDPF
• Professional Institutions
• Hospitals
• Rehabilitation Centers at national, provincial
  and other local levels
• Rehabilitation Stations (clinics) at grass-root
  level
• Social Services Institutions

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Rehabilitation for All

• Policy
• The ministries of Health, Civil Affairs, Finance,
  Public Security, Education and China Disabled
  Persons Federation had issued Comments on the
  Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities on
  August 24, 2004
• Total Target Rehabilitation for All by the year
  of 2015
• Assessment Indexes Baseline survey

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Rehabilitation Delivery System

• Public Health System
• Primary care
• Neonatal care Early diagnosis and treatment,
  referral services
• Secondary care Rehabilitation treatment and
  surgery
• Tertiary care Rehabilitation Departments
• National Rehabilitation Networks
• National, Provincial, cities
• PT, OT, ST and others
• Rehabilitation services by non-governmental
  organizations (NGOs)
• Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Institution and hospital-based services for
people with disabilities

• Early screening and diagnosis
• PT, OT, ST and other rehabilitation services
• Psychosocial support

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Community-based rehabilitation (CBR)

• Concept
• CBR has been defined as a strategy in communities
  for the rehabilitation, equalization of
  opportunities, and social integration of people
  with disabilities (ILO, UNESCO, and WHO, 1994
  UNICEF, and the Ministry of Education and
  Science, Spain, 1994).
• Home-based and model center-based approaches.
• CBR for Disabled Children and their families
• to encourage children with disabilities to attend
  public schools with the goal for them not be
  limited by different social expectations,
  negative attitudes and environmental constraints.
  
• to mobilize local resources to enable people with
  disabilities and their communities to create
  their own solutions to eliminate barriers and
  create programs for rehabilitation.

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Prevention to Disability

• National Action Plan
• In 2002, Ministry of Health and CDPF issued a
  National Action Plan for Improvement of Quality
  of Health for the Population and Reduction of
  Birth Defects and Disability (2002-2010).
• Reduce 0.8-1 million congenital birth
  abnormalities per year.
• 40 coverage of reproductive health services for
  all women.
• Established a System of Rehabilitation Services
• Publicity and advocacy of knowledge and methods
  for disability prevention.

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
National Work Programmes
National Work Programmes on Rehabilitation for
all People with Disabilities
Key National Rehabilitation Projects (2001-2005)
Main and update advances in rehabilitation for
children and youth with disabilities (1988-2002)
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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
National Work Programmes on Rehabilitation for
People with Disabilities

• National Work Programme for children
  rehabilitation
• The rehabilitation programmes had been integrated
  into National Disability-related Development
  Programmes
• National Work Programme 1991-1995rehabilitation
• Hearing and speech training for deaf children,
  surgery and rehabilitation for children and youth
  with polio and cataract
• National Work Programme 1996-2000rehabilitation
  for low vision, mental retardation, physical
  disability, development of assistive devices, and
  prevention to disability.
• National Work Programme 2001-2005-rehabilitation
• establishment of rehabilitation system for
  children, national days for eye care, ear/hearing
  care and prevention to shortage of Iodine, etc.

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
Key National Rehabilitation Projects
(2001-2005)

• Key Rehabilitation Projects
• Functional training and assistive devices for
  children with low vision 0.1 million
• Hearing and speech training for deaf children
  0.8 million
• Rehabilitation for CP 0.2 million
• Rehabilitation for MR 0.8 million
• Other projects
• Orientation walking/mobility training for the
  blind
• Rehabilitation for children with autism
• Assistive devices and services
• Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)

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Current state of rehabilitation in China

• 60 million disabled people, only 8 million
  received rehabilitation services
• Rehabilitation goal By 2015, every disabled
  person will receive rehabilitation services
• Rehabilitation institutions 24 at provincial
  level, 608 at city level, 3044 at community level
• Professionals 18,000 rehabilitation doctors,
  300,000 PT, OT ST.
• It is vital for the development of rehabilitation
  to train professionals at different levels

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Rehabilitation Medicine and Related Education

• Research oriented medical school
• Diploma, B.S., M.S., Ph.D. education
• On-job training of rehabilitation medicine
  education nationwide
• Accreditation of professionals

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Rehabilitation and Disability Research

• International Cooperation
• WHO-ICF
• ILO-Vocational Rehab.
• Rehabilitation Counseling with ECU
• Cooperative Project with others
• National Project
• Development of database of rehabilitation
• National System of Assessment and evaluation of
  Disability
• National System of Disability and Health for
  persons with disabilities
• National System of Survey and Monitoring of
  Disability
• Clinical Rehabilitation for Stroke patients
• Clinical Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord Injury

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
The Challenges of Rehabilitation for People with
Disabilities in China

• Basic rehabilitation needs
• Social and economic development, rehabilitation
  and education
• Economic development
• Categories of disability
• Urban and rural development
• Shortage of facilities and resources
• Low capacity of services
• Poverty rate among people with disabilities
• High-tech rehabilitation
• Human resource development in rehabilitation

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Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in
China Approaches and Development
The Strategies of Rehabilitation for People with
Disabilities in China

• To develop and mobilize social recourses
  nationwide.
• To enhance rehabilitation practices for people in
  rural areas.
• To develop rehabilitation interventions and
  therapies for people with different types of
  disabilities in different levels.
• Early detection, early intervention, early
  rehabilitation, early education and continuing
  training.
• To enhance the enrollment rate for children and
  youth with disability in education to improve
  their physical and intellectual functions, social
  and vocational skills.
• To provide special support for people with
  disabilities and their families who live in
  poverty.
• National Work Programme for next 5-years,
  coordination, management and implementation.

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• THANK YOU

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• Rehabilitation Counseling in Japan

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• In Japan, the "Vocational Counselors" for
  individuals with disabilities provide vocational
  rehabilitation counseling services. 
• The official professional title of this
  professional/discipline is "Vocational
  Counselors for the Disabled".

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• Those who pass the national exam by the Ministry
  of Health, Welfare, and Labor will be the
  candidates to become "Vocational Counselors for
  the Disabled" after receiving one year OJT at
  National Institute of Vocational Rehabilitation,
  NIVR, in Japan.

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• To support this type of rehabilitation services
• Law for Employment Promotion, etc. of the
  Disabled
•  

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• In addition to utilizing the International
  Classification of Functioning, Disability, and
  Health (ICF), Japan has its own classification
  system for the physical, intellectual, and
  psychiatric disabilities.

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• Type of services rehabilitation counselors
  provide in Japan
• Case Management, Vocational Counseling and
  Guidance, Planning IPE, Coordinating VR Services,
  Job Development with Job Coaches, Job Placement,
  Providing Employer Assistance, Evaluation and
  Follow-up Services, etc.

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• One of the challenges in Japan is how we can
  systematize the full collaboration among
  vocational rehabilitation, special education, and
  social work, to work for the benefits of persons
  with disabilities.  Many individuals with
  disabilities have fallen into other types of
  service systems of education, welfare, and
  employment, and did not receive the adequate
  services they really need and deserve.

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• Little research has been conducted in the
  employment outcomes of rehabilitation services in
  Japan. Not everyone who has a disability gain
  full time competitive employment.  Many
  individuals with disabilities work at sheltered
  workshops and community workshops.

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• Family involvement, community participation, and
  professional qualification are important
  variables contribute to the rehabilitation
  success in Japan.

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(No Transcript)
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Vocational Rehabilitation Association / United
Kingdom Gail Kovacs Vice Chair

• Working Together to Get People Working

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Vocational Rehabilitation Counselling

• Vocational Rehabilitation Association (VRA)
• Case Management Society of the UK (CMSUK)
• British Assoc. of Supported Employment (BASE)
• British Association for Brain Injury CM (BABICM)
• Others

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The Host Report

• A consultation survey and report of UK Employment
  Disability Practitioners 2001
• David Parsons HOST Policy Research
• Department for Work Pensions, VRA, ENTO
• An occupational and functional review

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Host Core Occupations

• Medical and healthcare at or after medical /
  emotional stabilisation
• Work profiling and preparation assessment and
  skill development
• Placement and brokerage interface between
  preparing for and securing work
• Workplace access effective access to work
• Workplace integration and retention
  consultancy, specialist advice and technical
  support

69
Professional Disciplines?

• Psychologists (clinical and occupational)
• Cognitive Behaviour Therapists
• Ergonomists
• Social Workers
• Employee Assistance Counsellors
• Unregulated Health Practitioners

• Occupational Health Physicians / Nurses
• Other Nurses
• VR Counsellors
• Occupational Therapists
• Physical Therapists
• Psychiatrists

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Professional Title?

• Occupational Health Advisors
• Medical Case Managers
• Vocational CMs
• VR Consultants
• VR Counsellors
• VR Planners
• Advocate

• Job Brokers
• Placement Specialists
• VR Specialists
• Vocational Trainer
• Job Coach
• Vocational Assessor
• Job Profiler
• Workplace Analyst

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The Occupational Constituency Core Occupations

• Medical and Healthcare - 300 to 400
• Work preparation - 3,450
• Placement /brokerage - 1,800
• Workplace access - 150 to 250
• Workplace integration retention - 3,750
• Total 9,600

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The Occupational Constituency Non-Core
Occupations

• Medical and Healthcare - 58,000
• Work preparation - 122,900
• Placement /brokerage - 24,200
• Workplace access - 29,000
• Workplace integration retention - 465,000
• Total 699,100

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Training Requirements?

• Medical and Healthcare - As Regulated Health
  Practitioners
• Work preparation - Nil
• Placement /brokerage - Nil
• Workplace access - Nil
• Workplace integration retention - Nil

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Academic Credential?

• Medical and Healthcare - As Regulated Health
  Practitioners
• Work preparation - Nil
• Placement /brokerage - Nil
• Workplace access - Nil
• Workplace integration retention - Nil

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Qualification breakdown

• Occupational health certificate / dip 22
• Social Work 5
• VR diploma / certificate 7
• Disability Management dip / degree 4
• Occupational Psychology 4
• Clinical and other Psychology 6
• Miscellaneous vocational training 8
• Occupational Therapy 6
• Other 15
• and no qualifications 27

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Host Recommendations

• To develop competence based, practice-led and
  professionally oriented qualifications for VR.
• To develop an infrastructure to support world
  class training in the UK. This includes
  certificate, diploma and masters levels.
• To identify, develop and accredit assessors and
  trainers.

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Host Recommendations

• To review
• Additional public funding
• The contribution of evidence-based practice
• The development of Centres of Excellence
• The role of demonstrator projects
• A potential evaluation strategy.

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Legislation

• Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSWA)
• Disability Discrimination Act (1995)
• Data Protection Act 1998
• Management of Health and Safety at Work
  Regulations (1999)
• Employment Act 2002

79
Case Manager or Counsellor

• Both fall under the broader VR Scope of Practice
  much of which was adopted from the Commission for
  Rehabilitation Counsellor Certification (CRCC)
• Professional Scope vs Individual Scope

80
Scope of Practice

• The process is interdisciplinary by nature, and
  may involve functional, bio psychosocial,
  behavioural and / or vocational interventions.
  The techniques utilised within the process may
  include but are not limited to
• Assessment and appraisal
• Goal setting and intervention planning

81
Scope of Practice

• Provision of health advice and promotion, in
  support of returning to work
• Support for self management of health conditions
• Career (vocational) counselling

82
Scope of Practice

• Individual and group counselling focused on
  facilitating adjustments to the medical and
  psychosocial impact of disability
• Case management, referral and service
  coordination
• Programme evaluation and research

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Scope of Practice

• Interventions to remove environmental,
  employment, and attitudinal obstacles
• Consultation services among multiple parties and
  regulatory systems

84
Scope of Practice

• Job analysis, job development, and placement
  services, including assistance with employment
  and job accommodations and
• The provision of consultation about and access to
  rehabilitation technology.

85
Recent Achievements

• The definition
• The Scope of Practice
• The Standards of Practice
• The FAQ

86
The Challenges for the Profession

• Putting teeth into the Standards
• Working together as Associations to advance the
  field
• Working with Regulated Health Practitioners
  Associations and Colleges (UK Rehab Council)
• Developing professional education and training
  that meets the need and is fit for purpose

87
The Challenges for the Profession

• Elevating the skills of existing practitioners
• Encouraging funders and referral sources to
  select providers who adhere to Standards / codes
• Introducing UK Certification / accreditation
• Overcoming negative terminology
• Maintaining momentum
• Financing our efforts

88
Statutory Benefits

• Statutory Sick Pay
• Incapacity Benefit
• Income Support (disability premium)
• Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit
• War Disablement Pension
• Disability Living Allowance
• Working Tax Credit
• Severe Disablement Allowance

89
The Challenges for Service Provision

• Educating the Stakeholders
• Restoring a solid reputation
• Building trust in what we do
• Demonstrating the business case
• Getting acceptance for non-UK based research and
  best practices

90
The Challenges for Service Provision

• Gaining acceptance of standardised assessments
• Gaining acceptance of customised services time
  and cost factors

91
Best Outcomes / Practices

• Job retention (prevention and safety)
• Condition management programmes
• Work entry and sustainability
• Workplace wellbeing / health promotion

92
Variables playing a role

• A culture of inactivity
• Non-mandatory services
• Doing to and for clients instead of with
• The lack of job matching
• Projects instead of programmes

93
Similarities with the U.S.

• History and evolution of VR
• Case Management model
• Various functions
• Various work environments
• ?????

94
Differences from the U.S.

• Case Manager and VR Counsellor not as distinct
• Lack of professional status
• Lack of certification / accreditation
• Lack of training and education
• Lack of objective assessment first

95
Differences from the U.S.

• Lack of acceptance as part of a
  multi-disciplinary team
• A long way to go to being a sustained profession

96
Thank You gail.kovacs_at_btinternet.comwww.voca
tionalrehabilitationassociation.org.uk
97
Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling in Taiwan

• Presenters
• Ming-Hung Wang, Ph.D., CRC
• Ming-Yi Wu, Ph.D., OTR/L

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Topics

• Population Served by the System
• Laws
• Services and Resources
• Profession and Practices
• Challenges

99
Population Served by the System
100
Population of Individuals with Disabilities

• 2007
• All population in Taiwan 23 millions
• Individuals with disabilities 4.37 of all
  population about one million
• Working ages (1565 y/o) disability population
  0.6 millions (60)
• PWD Employment rate 27

101
Classification of Disability

• The present classification of disability is based
  on disability types.
• However, the newly promulgated Protection Act for
  Rights and Interests of Physically and Mentally
  Disabled Citizens suggests a classification based
  on the ICF framework in order to focus on the
  service needed.

102
Laws
103
Laws - National Legislation

• To protect the legal rights, interests, and
  livelihood of people with disability, secure
  their opportunity to participate in the social
  life fairly, consolidate the governmental and
  private resources, plan and implement all
  measures of assistance and welfare, the
  Physically and Mentally Disabled Citizens
  Protection Act was amended in 1997.

104
Laws - National Legislation

• On July 11, 2007, the PMDCPA had been amended to
  the Protection Act for Rights and Interests of
  Physically and Mentally Disabled Citizens to
  further manifest the spirits of protecting their
  rights instead of protecting the persons.

105
Laws - National Legislation

• The Protection Act for Rights and Interests of
  Physically and Mentally Disabled Citizens
  consists of the following chapters
• General Principles
• Rights and Interests of Medical Treatment and
  Rehabilitation
• Rights and Interests of Education
• Rights and Interests of Employment
• Rights and Interests of Supported Services
• Rights and Interests of Economic Security
• Rights and Interests of Protective Services
• Penal Provisions
• Supplementary Provisions

106
Quota System

• According to The Protection Act for Rights and
  Interests of Physically and Mentally Disabled
  Citizens
• Public organizations with employees more than 34
  must hire 3 of workers who have disabilities.
• Private companies with employees more than 67
  must hire 1 of workers who have disabilities.

107
Laws - Regulation

• Under the guidance of the Protection Act,
  regulations had been draw up to provide VR
  services for people with disabilities, such as
• Regulations of Professionals Recruitment and
  Training of the Employment Institution for
  Individuals with Disabilities
• Regulations of Professionals Recruitment and
  Training of the Vocational Training Institution
  for Individuals with Disabilities
• Regulations of Employment Evaluation of
  Individuals with disabilities
• Regulations of Allowance for the Assistance
  Equipment for the Employment of Individuals with
  Disabilities
• Regulations of Management and Utilization of the
  Employment Fund for Individuals with Visual
  Impairments
• Standards for the Establishment of Employment
  Service Institutions for Individuals with
  Disabilities

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Laws - Regulation

• Standards for the Establishment of Employment
  Service Institutions for Individuals with
  Disabilities
• Rules of the Infrastructure of the Vocational
  Training Institutions and Allowances for
  Individuals with Disabilities
• Regulations of Allowance for the Vocational
  Training for Individuals with Disabilities
• Regulations of Establishment of Shelter Factories
  and Rewards for Individuals with Disabilities
• Standards for the Arrangement of Infrastructure
  and Personnel of the Shelter Factory for
  Individuals with Disabilities
• Regulations for Subsidizing and Awarding
  Employers for Hiring Unemployed Workers
• Regulations of Loan Allowance for Business
  Creation of the Handicapped

109
Services and Resources
110
Official Professional Title

• Based on the task performed, the professional
  titles can be
• Supervisor
• Case Administrator/Manager (new)
• Vocational Evaluator
• Employment Service Staff
• Vocational Training Counselor

111
Roles and Functions

• Roles
• Case Manager
• Evaluator
• Job Developer
• Counselor
• VR Team Coordinator

• Functions
• IWRP development
• Vocational-related Assessment
• Direct Employment Services
• Counseling

(CHING-CHIANG CHEN )
112
Services and Resources

• Vocational Rehabilitation Services
• Job placement
• Job training
• Supported employment
• Sheltered workshop
• Vocational evaluation
• Assistive technology and job accommodation

113
Resources - Employment

• Five national employment services centers
• Job placement and administration supervision
• Local counties and city employment services
  centers
• Job placement and administration supervision
• None profit organizations
• Training
• Job Placement
• Supported Employment
• Sheltered Workshop

114
Resources - Vocational Evaluation

• Local vocational evaluation centers
• Every county and city
• Direct vocational evaluation
• Three vocational evaluation resources centers
• Research
• Development of instruments
• Supports for vocational evaluators
• Training courses

115
Individuals with Disabilities Served by
Employment Services

• In 2006
• Employment Centers 33,000
• Sheltered Workshop 2,000
• Supported Employment 1,400
• Vocational Training 40,000
• Vocational Evaluation 1,600

116
Profession and Practice
Graduate Institute of RC, NKNU
117
Professional Disciplines

• Before 2002
• Not a specific academic discipline is intended to
  train professionals for vocational rehabilitation
  counseling services.
• Employment service staffs and Vocational training
  counselor came from
• Untrained volunteers
• Individuals with high school diplomas
• College graduates from areas such as Social work,
  occupational therapy, psychology, special
  education, human resource, labor relations, etc.

118
Training Credential

• Some training hours in advance or work
  experiences are required for those college
  graduates from other disciplines to work as
  vocational evaluators and case managers.

119
Professional Disciplines and Academic Credential

• After 2003
• the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of
  Education had funded three universities to
  establish master level graduate programs on
  rehabilitation counseling.
• National Changhua University of Education (2003)
• National Kaohsiung Normal University (2004)
• National Taiwan Normal University (2004)
• Graduates from these three programs will obtain a
  degree of master of science in RC.

120
Professional Association

• In 2004, Taiwan Vocational Rehabilitation
  Association has been established by university
  professors and practitioners. The major missions
  are
• Publish the Taiwanese Journal of Rehabilitation
  Counseling (research articles)
• Improve vocational rehabilitation services
• Get funding and support for vocational
  rehabilitation counseling study from the
  government
• Advocate for VR counseling Profession

121
Best Outcomes/Practice

• Thought there is little evidence-based research
  to support for best practice of rehabilitation
  counseling in Taiwan, we have taken some efforts
  to make sure the people with disabilities will
  receive quality services.
• There are regulations to define the
  qualifications for setting up institutes that
  provide VR services.
• There are regulations to define the
  qualifications of professionals who can perform
  VR services.
• There are plenty of on-the-job training
  opportunities for the VR professionals to better
  themselves.
• There are annually or biannually program
  evaluations to oversee the quality and quantity
  of the VR services.

122
Variables Affecting the VR Process

• Major variables could be
• Limited employment services resources in rural
  areas
• Employers negative attitudes toward individuals
  with disabilities, particularly mental Illness
• Lack in development of good work personality for
  individuals with disabilities
• Family/societal values protection vs.
  independent
• Less trained employment service practitioners

123
Challenges
124
Welcome to Taiwan
The First Asian-Pacific Vocational Rehabilitation
Conference in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, November 2005.
125

Mahalo!
multumesc