ReadingCentred Activities

1
Reading-Centred Activities

• 1. Global Reading Task
• Answer the questions on page 38 to get the main
  idea of the text.
• Distinguish between facts and opinions while
  reading the text
• Matching the following topics with the
  paragraphs in the text

2

• Iron deficiency is very common among women and
  the general causes for it
• One specific cause
• Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to
  reduced iron in the blood of women
• Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency
• Iron deficiency in blood
• Another specific cause
• Check iron deficiency

4, 5, 1-3, 10-12, 7-8, 6, 9
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Reading-Centred Activities

• 2. Detailed Reading Task
• Language points
• Simulated writing (exercises 8 and 9 )

4

• that endurance athletes, particularly females,
  frequently have iron deficiencies. (Para. 1)

that athletes such as long distance runners,
especially women athletes, often display a lack
of iron. .
5

• Now a new study by a team of Purdue University
  researchers (Para. 1)

Now a new study conducted by a team of
researchers from Purdue University .
6

• suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to
  reduced iron in the blood of women. (Para. 1)

suggests that even exercise of a mild type may
cause a loss of iron in the blood of women.
7

• We found that women who were normally inactive
  and then started a program of moderate exercise
  showed evidence of iron loss, (Para. 2)

We found that women who were not in the habit of
doing physical exercises but then suddenly began
a program of exercise of middle degree showed
signs of iron loss,
8

• Women who consumed additional meat or took iron
  supplements were able to bounce back, (Para. 3)

Women who ate more meat than they usually did or
took iron-added pills were able to return to
their normal, healthy state,
9

• But the new exercisers who followed their normal
  diet showed a decrease in iron levels. (Para. 3)

But those women who began a program of exercise
but went on with their diet as usual showed a
decrease in iron levels.
10

• affecting one in four female teenagers and one
  in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. (Para.
  4)

affecting one out of four female teenagers and
(also affecting) one out of five women who are
aged from 18 to 45.  Please note that
respectively modifies one in four female
teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45. .
11

• But the ratio is even greater among active women,
  affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance
  athletes. (Para. 4)

But the figure is even greater among women who do
exercises regularly, affecting as many as 80
percent of female endurance athletes.
12

• affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance
  athletes. (Para. 4)
• Example

Everyone works, from the boy who sweeps the
floor up to the President.
Compare
Everyone works, from the President down to the
boy who sweeps the floor.  
13

• too many women ignore the amount of iron they
  take in. (Para. 4)

too many women don't pay attention to how much
iron they consume in food or drink. .
14

• Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk,
  since their monthly bleeding is a major source of
  iron loss. (Para. 4)

Women who are at the age of bearing children are
put in greater danger of losing iron owing to
their monthly bleeding.
The normal span of women's production is between
18 and 50, with some exceptions. Women who are in
that period are supposed to be able to give
birth.
women's physical phenomenon that occurs once a
month, during which they bleed. The special term
for that phenomenon is menstruation.
15

• Plus, many health-conscious women increase their
  risk by rejecting red meat, (Para. 4)

In addition, many women who care much about their
health refuse to eat red meat such as beef and
mutton and thus increase the danger of losing
iron .
the meat of sheep (mutton) or fully-grown cows
(beef) 
1)the very pale-coloured meat from those parts of
a cooked bird which are nicest to eat, such as
the breast of a chicken 2) certain types of
pale-coloured meat (veal and pork)
16

• And because women often restrict their diet in an
  effort to control weight, they may not consume
  enough iron-rich food, and are liable to
  experience a deficiency. (Para. 4)

And because women often limit their food, trying
to control weight, they may not eat enough food
containing much iron, and therefore are likely to
have less iron than necessary.
17

• The average woman takes in only two thirds of the
  recommended daily allowance for iron, (Para. 5)

The average woman eats every day only two thirds
of the necessary iron that health experts
recommend,   Based on investigation, health
experts can decide how much iron a woman should
take in every day in order to keep fit. The fact
is that many women do not take in the recommended
amount, which puts them at the risk of iron
deficiency.
18

• For a woman who already has a poor iron status,
  any additional iron loss from exercise may be
  enough to tip her over the edge into a more
  serious deficiency, (Para. 5)

If a woman who already has less iron than
necessary starts a program of exercise that
causes more loss of iron, then her iron status
will change greatly and she'll be put in a more
serious state of iron deficiency,
tip (sb.) over the edge bring about a noticeable
change (cause to) develop into another status 
19

• Exercise can result in iron loss through a
  variety of mechanisms. (Para. 6)

Exercise can lead to iron loss because of the
various functions of the body.
20

• Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown
  reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes
  associated with bleeding of the digestive system.
  (Para. 6)

Some iron is lost when one sweats, and for the
reasons unknown to us, intense endurance exercise
may sometimes result in bleeding of the digestive
system. 
the whole length of the pipe down which food
travels through the body while it is being
digested. See Note 3 of the Background
Information.
21

• Athletes in high-impact sports such as running
  (Para. 6)

sports that require great endurance
The first and most common is having low iron
reserves, a condition that typically has no
symptoms. (Para. 7)
The first stage of iron deficiency which is
also the most common is one in which one
doesn't have much iron stored in the body. And
during this stage there are usually no signs of
iron deficiency.  Note that a condition that
serves as an appositive, generalizing the
preceding clause.
22

• examples

Typically, he would come in late and then say he
was sorry.
on usual occasions in usual conditions
It typically takes a day or two, depending on
size.  
He greeted me with typically American hospitality.
representing a particular type of person or thing
23

• Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear
  in the second stage of deficiency, when not
  enough iron is present to form the molecules of
  blood protein that transport oxygen to the
  working muscles. (Para. 7)

In the second stage of deficiency when there is
no enough iron to form the molecules of blood
protein that transport oxygen to the working
muscles, one may begin to feel very tired and
unable to do their activities properly.
the muscles that are engaged when people exercise
or work
24

• In the third and final stage, people often feel
  weak, tired, and out of breath (Para. 7)

1 The phrase does not mean having no breath or
that the breath has stopped. It means that people
cannot breathe easily and rhythmically as they
normally do. Out of could be interpreted as out
of the normal state.
25

• and exercise performance is severely
  compromised. (Para. 7)

and exercise performance is badly affected.(One
does his exercise badly.)

• You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go
  to zero, and if you wait until that point, you're
  in trouble. (Para. 8)

If you are in stage 3, that means you have no
iron left in your body at all, and if you don't
do anything to improve your iron stores until
then, you are in trouble. 
the status of iron reserves going to zero
26

• You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to
  zero (Para. 8)

be used up be exhausted

• Instead, it's important to check levels of a
  different compound, which indicates the amount of
  storage of iron in the blood. (Para. 9)

Instead, it's important to check levels of a
different compound, because it is the compound
that shows the amount of iron stored in the
blood.
27

• sth. consisting of a combination of 2 or more
  parts, substances, etc., esp. a chemical
  substance consisting of at least 2 different
  simple substances (or elements) combined in such
  a way that it usually has qualities different
  from those of the substances from which it is
  made 

the act of storing
28

• While active, child-bearing age women are most
  likely to (Para. 9)

While child-bearing age women who regularly do
physical exercises are most likely to
Here active means doing physical exercises
regularly.
29

• Men are not safe, especially if they don't eat
  meat and have a high level of physical activity.
  (Para. 9)

Men may also suffer from iron deficiency,
especially if they don't take in meat while
engaging themselves in lots of physical
activities.
30

• it's advisable for people in these groups to
  have a yearly blood test to check blood iron
  reserves. (Para. 9)

it's wise for people who belong to these groups
to have a test each year on blood to see if the
amount of their iron stores is sufficient.
that is advised or thought best to do sensible
wise 
every year once in a year
31

• If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to
  see if the deficiency should be corrected by
  modifying your diet or by taking supplements.
  (Para. 10)

If your iron levels are low, you'd better talk
with a doctor to see if the deficiency should be
corrected by changing your diet and taking
iron-rich foods or by taking iron-added pills.
32

• In general, it's better to undo the problem by
  adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because
  iron supplements can have serious shortcomings.
  (Para. 10)

Generally speaking, the better way to solve the
problem of iron deficiency is to add more
iron-rich foods to the diet rather than take in
iron supplements because supplements may cause
bad side effects.
33

• Supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to
  throw up (Para. 10)

Supplements may cause people to feel sick...
throw up vomit be sick
Select breads and cereals with the words
'iron-added' on the label, (Para. 11)
Choose breads and cereals that have the words
'iron-added' on the label,
34

• This added iron supplements the small amount that
  naturally occurs in grains. (Para.11)

This added iron adds to the small amount that is
naturally contained in grains.
as food can derive iron from the pan during the
cooking process. (Para. 11)
as food can obtain iron from the pan during
the cooking process.
35

• showed a striking increase (Para. 11)

a great increase 
the level going up nearly 30 times (Para. 11)
and as a result, the level has increased nearly
30 times 
Please note that this is the absolute structure
in the sentence.
can interfere with iron being absorbed into the
body. (Para. 11)
can prevent iron from being absorbed into the
body.
36
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  ??,??????????????????????????????????,???????????
  

37

• The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone
  again.
• The door of the opposite parlor being then
  opened, I heard some voices.
• He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring
  at him.
• Conciliation failing, forces remains but force
  failing, no further hope of conciliation is left.
• They had many talks with the native, the guide
  acting as interpreter.
• She went to the market, with her son following
  her.
• So much money having being spent, we have not
  seen any good result.
• I read a novel, my wife sewing by my side.

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Vocabulary Exercises
39
Translating and Writing