MEDICINES

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MEDICINES DRUGS
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TERMS

• Medicines, drugs used to treat or prevent disease
  or conditions
• Drugs, substances other than food that change
  structure or function of mind or body
• Medicine categories
• Help prevent disease
• Fight pathogens
• Relieve pain
• Help maintain or restore health regulate body
  systems

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MEDICINES

• Prevent disease
• Vaccines (stimulate immune response)
• Antitoxins (neutralize effect of toxins, i.e.
  tetanus)
• Fight pathogens
• Antibiotics fight bacteria, some bacteria become
  resistant
• Antiviral (suppress virus), antifungal (suppress
  or cure)

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MEDICINES

• Relieve pain, analgesics, mild to very strong,
  aspirin to opiates, aspirin can be dangerous for
  children
• Promote health
• Allergy medicines
• Body regulating, insulin, asthma meds,
  cardiovascular meds-BP, normalize HR, etc
• Antidepressant, antipsychotic
• Cancer treatment, chemotherapy

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MEDICINES THE BODY

• Medicines have different reactions in different
  people (body chemistry)
• Side effects, not intended effect
• Combinations with other meds or foods
• Additive interaction, work together in a positive
  way anti-inflammatory muscle relaxant
• Synergistic effect, two meds greater effects
• Antagonistic interaction, work against (cancel
  effect

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OTHER PROBLEMS

• Tolerance, body becomes used to it, needing
  higher doses
• Withdrawal, chemical dependence, mild to severe
• Safety, FDA regulations, information on meds
• Prescription meds, approval of licensed physician
• Over the counter (OTC) generally safe to use
  without physician approval

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MEDICINE MISUSE

• Medicines are designed for specific uses, see
  instructions
• Misuses
• Giving prescription to someone else, or using
  theirs
• Taking too much or too little, for longer or
  shorter
• Discontinuing use without telling doctor
• Mixing medicines

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DRUG USE/ABUSE

• Substance abuse, unnecessary, improper use of
  chemical substances for nonmedical purposes
• Overuse, multiple use, use of illegal drugs, use
  of drugs in combination with other drugs or
  alcohol
• Illegal drugs, street drugs (no lawful use)
• Illicit drug use, use or sale of illegal drugs or
  not permitted (also street sale of legal drugs)

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DECISIONS ABOUT DRUGS

• Peer pressure
• Family members
• Role models media messages
• Perceptions of societies drug behavior are
  inaccurate, 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
  indicated 70 of teens dont use drugs

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HEALTH CONSEQUENCES

• Physical, wide range depending on drug,
  overdose-strong sometimes fatal reaction to large
  amount, Needles-HIV hepatitis B
• Mental/emotional, affect judgment, can have long
  term mental/emotional affects (depends on drug)
• Social consequences, behaviors they regret,
  negative effect on relationships, penalties at
  school, legal problems, suicide, crimes, injuries

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ADDICTION

• Tolerance, need more to get high
• Psychological dependence, believing the drug is
  needed to fell good or function
• Physical dependence, withdrawal when person stops
  using, chemical need for it, mild to severe
• Addiction, persistent, compulsive use, usually
  need help to quit

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OTHER CONSEQUENCES

• Individual, mental/emotional, physical and social
  health can be affected, inhibitions decrease,
  sexual activity, crime, violence
• Legal, fines, jail time, etc
• Family friends, changed behavior of user
• Babies children, neglect, abuse, pregnant drug
  users, aborted fetus, birth defects, diseases,
  addiction
• Cost to society, lost jobs, lost productivity
  violence, crime, deaths, injuries, health costs

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FAMOUS ODS
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MORE ODS
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ILLEGAL DRUGS

• These drugs are not regulated for purity or
  strength
• Marijuana

Hashish
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MARIJUANA

• Cannabis leaves, buds, flowers smoked, oils
  reduced to form hash or hashish
• THC is active ingredient (stored in fat-drug
  tests)
• Widely used, tends to be a step towards other
  drug use
• Mood altering drug, produces dopamine
  (pleasurable sensation)
• Psychologically addicting
• More carcinogens than tobacco

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MARIJUANA

• Possible complications/problems
• Hallucinations, paranoia, impaired short term
  memory, reaction time, coordination, distorted
  sense of time, sight, touch, sound, (problems
  driving) decreased initiative ambition, lung
  irritation, heart lung damage, risk of lung
  cancer, weakened immune system, changed hormone
  levels, in females, increased testosterone, in
  males, lowered sperm count testosterone levels

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INHALANTS
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INHALANTS

• Sniffed, inhaled, huffed
• Go directly to brain, many kill brain cells
• Solvents, aerosols, glues, sprays, paints,
  varnishes
• Nitrates, nitrous oxide,
• Brain damage, sometimes severe
• Death
• These are widely criticized even by pro drug
  people as being really stupid things to do

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ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS
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STEROIDS

• Synthetic substances similar to testosterone
  increasing muscle and male characteristics
• Prescribed for certain conditions
• Can cause mood swings, impaired judgment,
  aggressiveness
• Tendon damage (tendon strength doesnt increase
  as much)
• Legal consequences (sports organizations)
• Organ failure, cancer, sexual dysfunction

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PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

• Chemicals that affect the central nervous system
  altering brain activity, affects mood, behavior,
  perception, etc.
• Classifications
• Stimulants
• Depressants
• Narcotics
• Hallucinogens
• Some have medicinal value, some do not
• Wide range of health risks
• All effect judgment

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STIMULANTS
Amphetamines
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
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STIMULANTS

• Speed up central nervous system, some foods cause
  action, nicotine too
• Some stimulants have medical uses
• Amphetamines used in weight loss
• Cocaine used in some surgeries
• Cocaine negatives
• Nausea, malnutrition
• Chest pain, respiratory failure
• Stroke, heart attack, seizure, death
• Addiction, HIV (needles)

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MORE NEGATIVES

• Crack
• Extreme addiction and all the coke problems
• Rapid heart rate, incr. blood pressure, death
• Amphetamines
• Weight loss, malnutrition
• High blood pressure heart attack, death
• Aggressiveness, tolerance, addiction
• Loss of muscle coordination, delirium, panic
• Methamphetamine
• Memory loss, heart and nerve damage
• Tolerance, addiction

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COCAINE

• Highly addictive stimulant, affects central
  nervous system
• Comes from coca plant, illegal in the U.S.
• Effects-surge of energy, self-confidence,
  euphoria, 20 minute-60 minute (-) duration
• Topical anesthetic
• Effects followed by emotional letdown
• Regular use leads to depression, fatigue
• Cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, seizures,
  death

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CRACK

• Very pure form of cocaine, very intense
• Strong chance of cardiac arrest/death

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SPEED

• Amphetamines-prescription, reduce fatigue,
  suppress appetite
• Tolerance develops easily
• Irregular heartbeat
• Methamphetamine-has had some medical use
  (limited)
• Made in home labs, quality is questionable, short
  term rush
• Central nervous system damage, brain damage, HR
  increase blood pressure incr.

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DEPRESSANTS

• Sedatives, slow down central nervous system
• Relax muscles, relieve tension, anxiety, slow
  heart rate, lower BP, slow breathing
• Often deadly when combined with alcohol
• Combining any depressants can cause extreme
  reactions even death

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DEPRESSANTS
ltRohypnol
Barbiturates Tranquilizersgt
GHBgt
ltMethaqualone
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MORE DEPRESSANTS

• Barbiturates, sedative-hypnotic induces
  sleepiness, rarely used medically
• Tranquillizers, reduce muscle activity,
  coordination, attention span, medically relieves
  anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness,
  nervousness, can produce dependence/withdrawal
• Rohypnol, club drug/date-rape produces
  unconsciousness (fatal doses)
• GHB, date-rape (overdose easily)

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NARCOTICS
ltOpium poppy
Codeinegt
Morphinegt
ltOpium
Heroingt
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NARCOTICS

• Specific drugs only available by prescription
  (some totally illegal) used to relieve pain
• Codeine, morphine, OxyContin, block pain messages
  in brain, highly addictive, cause euphoria,
  drowsiness, high doses death
• Opium is illegal
• Heroin is illegal, highly illegal, painful
  withdrawal

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HALLUCINOGENS
ltLSD
Ketaminegt
PCPgt
MDMAgt
ltPeyote, mescaline
Psilocybin mushroomsgt
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HALLUCINOGENS

• Alter moods, thoughts sensory perceptions
  (vision, hearing, smell, touch)
• Major judgment impairment
• Effects last from hours to days
• Effects highly unpredictable
• Users often do dumb things and harm themselves

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HALLUCINOGENS

• PCP, very dangerous, effects vary widely,
  distorted sense of time, increased strength,
  inability to feel pain, ODs can cause death,
  dangerous behaviors, flashbacks can occur
• LSD, very strong hallucinogen, high doses risky
  to physical health, affects emotions from
  euphoria to panic to depression, subject to
  flashbacks
• Ketamine, used medically on animals, snorted,
  smoked, can cause respiratory failure

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HALLUCINOGENS

• Designer drugs, made to imitate other drugs, vary
  greatly in strength and quality
• MDMA (ecstasy), stimulant hallucinogen, euphoria,
  confusion, depression, damage to brain cells
• Peyote, hallucinations, vomiting
• Psilocybin mushrooms, hallucinations, judgment

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CONSEQUENCES

• Unsafe situations
• Health consequences
• Legal consequences
• Consequences related to poor judgment

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LIVING DRUG FREE

• Resisting peer pressure
• Being committed to staying drug free
• Refusal skills
• School efforts-drug free zones
• Community efforts-drug watches
• Alternatives to drug use

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BECOMING DRUG FREE

• Admit there is a problem
• Identify sources of help
• Talk to the person when theyre not high
• Listen to the person
• Discuss sources you have found
• Treatment centers, outpatient, short-term,
  maintenance (heroin addicts-methadone),
  therapeutic communities