Let yesterday be a source of fond memories,

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• Let yesterday be a source of fond memories,
• Let tomorrow be a time of new beginnings,
• Let today be filled with everything that makes
  you happy.

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Chapter IX INSTALLATION

• Michael J. Boswell
• lttoroagro.comgt

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Chapter 9 InstallationINTRODUCTION

• These guidelines clarify commonly accepted
  procedures for construction, installation, and
  testing of micro-irrigation systems.
• These guidelines synchronize the various steps
  which are required for a proper and smoother
  installation, and result in fewer problems.

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Chapter 9 Installation GENERAL INSTALLATION

• System Planning
• Accurate topographic maps of the area are
  obtained.
• Water source and other pertinent features of the
  area, such as a power source, utility cables or
  pipelines, rock piles or rock outcroppings,
  roads, etc. are indicated on the topographic
  maps.

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Chapter 9 Installation GENERAL INSTALLATION

• System planning
• Irrigation system is designed and drawings are
  prepared.
• Materials take-off list is prepared from the
  design.

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Chapter 9 Installation GENERAL INSTALLATION

• System planning
• List of materials is adjusted for wastage and
  breakage
• Sheet for specification of materials is prepared.

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Chapter 9 Installation GENERAL INSTALLATION

• System planning
• List of materials and specifications are
  distributed to hardware stores to request
  quotations on price and delivery dates.
• Materials are ordered from suppliers.

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Chapter 9 Installation TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

• A good stock of shovels, hand saws, hacksaws,
  files, crowbars, wrenches, screwdrivers, rags,
  drills, and hoists should be kept in a tool
  truck.
• A pipe trailer, 22 feet long.

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Chapter 9 Installation TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

• A vehicle to carry parts valves, fittings, glue,
  etc.
• A dozer for backfilling trenches.

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Chapter 9 Installation TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

• A forklift or boom truck for lifting heavy items,
  including filters, large valves, pumps, tanks,
  etc.
• A wire spooler to string control wire or tubing.

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Chapter 9 Installation TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

• Tractors as required by field installation
  operations.
• A small portable sump pump to remove water from
  flooded areas for making repairs.

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Chapter 9 Installation RECEIVING AND HANDLING
OF MATERIALS

• Prepare the warehouse for materials, including a
  protected area for drip irrigation lines (reels),
  glue, etc .
• Delivery of materials should be carefully checked
  against purchase orders.
• Pipes should be delivered to a specified location
  near the job site on a planned delivery schedule.

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Chapter 9 InstallationASSEMBLY OF FITTINGS AND
PARTS

• Designate a location for the assembly of fittings
  and accessories.
• Set up assembly equipment tables, jigs, tools,
  bins for ditches (trenches), parts, glue, Teflon
  tape, saws, wrenches, etc.

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Chapter 9 InstallationSURVEYING, STAKING AND
MAKING DITCHES

• The surveyor stakes out mainline and sub main
  routes, field boundaries, locations of
  underground utility cables or pipelines, roads,
  etc.
• Trenches are dug along the routes where the mains
  and sub mains will be laid.

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Chapter 9 InstallationASSEMBLY OF PIPELINES

• Lower the principal and secondary pipe lines
  carefully to the trenches.
• Make sure the correct glue is being used with PVC
  pipe. There are different types of glue available
  for different sizes of pipe. Make sure primer is
  used correctly.

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Chapter 9 InstallationASSEMBLY OF PIPELINES

• Procedure
• Clean the pipes with a sanitary napkin and
  acetone.
• Put glue at both ends of the pipe.
• Join the parts immediately after applying the
  glue.
• Use a rubber hammer to knock and force the
  entrance of one tube inside the other.

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Chapter 9 Installation ASSEMBLY OF PIPELINES

• In areas of high humidity, care should be taken
  to prevent PVC solvent cement from absorbing
  moisture.
• Ppipes should be laid in the trench and covered.
• PVC pipe should be cut properly, with a square
  clean-cut end.

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Chapter 9 Installation ASSEMBLY OF PIPELINES

• Smaller sizes of pipe may be snaked in the
  trench larger sizes should be laid in the trench
  and covered when cool.
• Assembly the elbows, tees, raisers flushing
  valves, and check valves.
• The major parts are assembled outside the
  trenches.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF CONTROL
WIRE OR TUBING IN TRENCHES AND HYDRAULIC TUBES

• Wire should be laid in the trench loosely.
• Sufficient slack should be allowed at each sub
  main riser for making connections to field
  control valves, and also to allow for contraction
  .
• Keep wire or tubing away from sharp edges of pipe
  line fittings and rocks.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF CONTROL
WIRE OR TUBING IN TRENCHES AND HYDRAULIC TUBES

• Wire or tubing should be tested before burial.
• In hot weather, pipe should be laid into the
  trenches and covered with the soil in the early
  morning or late evening. If this is done when the
  pipe is hot, the buried pipe will tend to
  contract after buried.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF FITTINGS,
VALVES, RISERS

• All the remaining pipeline work should be
  completed at this time. Install all the
  fittings, valves and riser assemblies.
• Connect the wire or control tubing to the control
  valves in the field.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF FITTINGS,
VALVES, RISERS

• Paint all the exposed PVC pipe and the fittings
  with a compatible PVC paint, to protect against
  sunlight and prevent algae growth.

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Chapter 9 InstallationPARTIAL BACKFILLING

• Partially backfilling should be done immediately
  after pipelines are laid in the trench.
• Backfill all low spots as soon as possible,
  especially on rainy days.

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Chapter 9 InstallationPARTIAL BACKFILLING

• When backfilling, sub mains with flexible hose
  risers, hose kinking may be prevented by first
  slipping a short length of 1 PVC pipe over the
  hose riser.

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Chapter 9 InstallationPARTIAL BACKFILLING

• After backfilling, these short pipe lengths may
  then be removed and used again at the next sub
  main.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF THRUST
BLOCKS

• Construct support walls after filling partially
  the channels.
• Install reinforcement steel and mounting brackets
  where required.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF THRUST
BLOCKS

• Pour concrete for thrust blocks.
• Allow several days for concrete to cure properly.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF LATERAL
LINES IN FIELD AND FLUSHING, PRESSURIZING AND
TESTING

• Lateral lines are installed in the field, but not
  yet connected to sub mains.
• Ends of lateral lines should be kept close to
  ensure that the lateral lines are not
  contaminated with soil, insects, etc.
• Close all sub main control valves.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF LATERAL
LINES IN FIELD AND FLUSHING, PRESSURIZING AND
TESTING

• Fill mainlines with water open flushing valves to
  flush foreign materials out of mainlines.
• The flush out valves should be closed, and the
  mainline pressure brought up to test pressure.

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Chapter 9 InstallationINSTALLATION OF LATERAL
LINES IN FIELD AND FLUSHING, PRESSURIZING AND
TESTING

• Maintain test pressure for 24 hours. If leaks
  develop in the mainline, immediately shut off the
  system. Repair leaks, flush the mainline, and
  repeat test.

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Chapter 9 InstallationCONNECTING LATERAL LINES
TO SUBMAINS

• With ends lateral of line open, connect lateral
  lines to sub mains.
• The connection is more easily made if water is
  running in the sub mains.
• Flush lateral lines thoroughly.

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Chapter 9 InstallationCONNECTING LATERAL LINES
TO SUBMAINS

• Close ends of lateral line.
• Adjust all sub main pressures as required.
• Check for leaks, mark them, shut system off. Fix
  any leaks in sub main and lateral lines.

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Chapter 9 InstallationTESTING SYSTEM OPERATION
AND BACKFILLING TRENCHES

• Check operation of controllers, sub main and
  control valves, filters and filter controllers,
  etc.
• When it has been determined that all underground
  components, including pipes, fittings, control
  wires and tubing, are working properly, backfill
  all trenches.

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Chapter 9 InstallationTESTING SYSTEM OPERATION
AND BACKFILLING TRENCHES

• 3. Care must be taken during backfilling,
  particularly with large, thin-wall pipe, to
  prevent collapse or other damage to the pipe.
• Once the system is running properly, take
  pressure and flow readings at strategic points in
  the system, i.e., before and after pumps,
  filters, main control valves.

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Chapter 9 InstallationABOVE GROUND ASSEMBLY

• Install the laterals with the orifices facing
  upwards.
• An air/vacuum relief valve should always be
  installed at the sub main riser to prevent
  suction from occurring in the Bi-Wall tubes when
  the system is shut down.

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Chapter 9 InstallationABOVE GROUND ASSEMBLY

• Suction in buried Bi-Wall tubing will tend to
  draw muddy water back into the tubing through the
  orifices, causing contamination.
• Close the ends of lateral lines.

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Chapter 9 InstallationBELOW GROUND ASSEMBLY

• Bi-Wall tubing may be laid on the surface or
  buried up to 18 inches deep.
• Injection equipment used to install Bi-Wall
  tubing should be free of sharp edges, burrs, and
  areas where the tubing could be damaged.

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Chapter 9 InstallationBELOW GROUND ASSEMBLY

• Bends, rollers, and other points of contact with
  the tubing should be kept to a minimum to reduce
  the possibilities for damage and the tension on
  the tubing as it is injected.
• It is strongly recommended that the Bi-Wall
  tubing be monitored as it is buried in the soil.

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Chapter 9 InstallationBELOW GROUND ASSEMBLY

• Someone should be watching to ensure that the
  tubing maintains its orifices inward orientation,
  to assist in case the tubing becomes tangled in
  the injector, and to signal the tractor driver
  when the Bi-Wall real is empty and must be
  replaced.

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Chapter 9 Installation INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
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Chapter 9 Installation INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
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Chapter 9 Installation INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
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Chapter 9 Installation INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
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Chapter 9 Installation FIELD MANIFOLD
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Chapter 9 Installation COMPONENT OF A DRIP
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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Chapter 9 Installation COMPONENT OF A TYPICAL
DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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Chapter 9 Installation COMPONENT OF A TYPICAL
DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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• It is only with the heart that one can see
  rightly,
• What is essential is invisible to the eye.
• Antoine De Saint Exupery
• The Little Prince