War of the League of Augsburg

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War of the League of Augsburg

• The first of four major conflicts in the colonies
  between the British and the French.
• William of Orange(Netherlands) and Mary were
  given the English throne in 1688.
• Fought to stop Louis XIVs attempt to push his
  boundaries east to the Rhine River
• The American phase of the War of the League of
  Augsburg called King Williams War.

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War of the League of Augsburg

• The French attacked frontier settlements in New
  England and Schenectady, New York
• England colonists captured Port Royal of Nova
  Scotia in 1691, only to later lose it in a
  counterattack.
• French and English were helped by their Indian
  allies.
• In 1697 the Peace of Ryswick restored all
  captured territory in America to the original
  owners.

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William and Mary
http//www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon51.ht
ml
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Queen Annes War
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Queen Annes War

• 1702-1713, nicknamed Queen Annes War after the
  War of the Spanish Succession
• Fought between France and Britain to prevent the
  Union of France and Spain.
• Second North American wars between the British
  and French between 1689 and 1763.

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Dominance in Europe

• The battles were caused by the maritime and
  colonial rivalry between England and France for
  dominance in Europe and North America.
• A Carolinian Party burned St. Augustine in 1702
  in Spanish Florida.
• England, Holland and Austria were allies lead by
  the Duke of Marlborough. Together they won many
  decisive battles.

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The closure of Queen Annes War

• In 1710 the British took over Port Royal a French
  fortress in Acadia, and they renamed it Nova
  Scotia.
• In 1712 there was an armistice.
• In 1713 the Peace of Utrecht was signed. France
  gave up Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Hudson
  Bay region to England.
• Encylopedia Americana, The American Nation

http//encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/5D/05D13
000.htm
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Queen Annes War

• Bill Rocco, Chris Page, and Shawna OLoughlin

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Queen Anne
http//encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.asp?pg3ti7
61553483idx461561849
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Introduction

• Also called the War of Spanish Succession
• Began in 1701, ended in 1714
• Caused by the unresolved Treaty of Ryswick (1697)
  between France and England
• King Louis XIV of France wanted to get his
  grandson on the throne of Spain

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Principal Events

• Fought in the West Indies, New England, and
  Carolina
• Capturing and burning of colonies in Saint
  Augustine, FL Deerfield, MA
• Massacre of many French troops and their Native
  American allies in 1704

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Treaty of Utrecht

• Ended war in 1713
• Britain received Hudson Bay territory, Acadia,
  and Newfoundland
• French got to keep Cape Breton Island

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Louisburg and Cape Breton Island
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Colonists capture Louisburg

• William Pepperell sailed from Boston with 4,300
  men in 1745
• With the help of three English warships, he laid
  siege to the town and captured Fort Louisburg
• First important English victory in America

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Louisburg and Cape Breton Island

• Colonists held fort from attempts by French to
  recapture it
• Treaty of Aix-la Chapelle, signed by English,
  sacrificed Louisburg and embittered colonists

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Fort Louisburg

• Jeffrey Amherst with James Wolfe supervising the
  landing took the fortress on July 26, 1758
• Englands first great victory of the French and
  Indian war

http//www.compu-clone.ns.ca/fortress/index.html
p2
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Results of Capture

• Destroyed French power at the mouth of the St.
  Lawrence
• Decreased communications between France and its
  colonies

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North America, 1760
http//www.mccordfamilyassn.com/french.htm
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General Edward Braddock
http//www2.whidbey.com/jerod/braddock.htm
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General Edward Braddock
http//www2.whidbey.com/jerod/braddock.htm
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Battle at Fort Duquesne
The Duke of Cumberland recommended Braddock to
become a major General and was given command
against the French in North America.
Neither Braddock nor the British war office had
any idea of N. American recruitment,
communication, or supply problems.
He spent 3 months trying to get the expedition
underway when George Washington became his
personal aid and Benjamin Franklin obtained
horses, wagons, and supplies.
http//www2.whidbey.com/jerod/braddock.htm
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Battle at Fort Duquesne
General Edward Braddock, lead 1400 red coats
and a small number of colonials to take Fort
Duquesne from the French and Indians.
When he was a few miles away from the fort more
than 900 French and Indian soldiers defeated all
of Braddocks army but 500 men.
During the battle General Edward Braddock was
killed in action.
http//www2.whidbey.com/jerod/braddock.htm
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Aftermath
After the brutal defeat of General Edward
Braddock and his army, the American colonists
realized that they were gonna have to fight much
harder and longer and play a pivotal role in the
war in order to succeed.
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Battle of Quebec

• Date September 13, 1759

• Location West of Quebec

• James Wolfe (Britain)

• Joseph de Montcalm (France)

• Helped to end the Seven Year War, also known
  as the French and Indian War.

• British defeated the French in 30 minutes.

http//frenchcaculture.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsit
e.htm?sitehttp3A2F2Fdigitalhistory.org2Fwolfe
.html
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September 12, 1759
British climbed a 180 foot cliff and with 1/2 the
amount of troops that the French had had.
The next morning, the French woke up to a whole
lot of British Soldiers in perfect formation for
an attack.
www.germantownacademy.org/academics/LS/4/sstudies/
Colonial/4k/4k98/4kmeg.htm
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1756 Lots of little wars Started in Europe and
Asia Then moved to US French colonists were mad
because the British were invading the land and
taking business away from the fur traders.
Britain wanted more land and so they went west
over the Appalachian Mountains into the French
territory.
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1763 Britain and France signed a peace treaty
in Paris, France, ending the war.
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http//frenchcaculture.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsit
e.htm?sitehttp3A2F2Fwww.mdarchives.state.md.us
2Fecp2F102F2142Fhtml2F00010002.html
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http//www.digitalhistory.org/qmap.html
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Battle of Quebec(The French and Indian War)

• June 27 - September 18, 1759
• Launched largest attack against Quebec 300 miles
  up St. Lawrence River
• Combined force of 9,000 soldiers under General
  James Wolfe
• Turning point in French and Indian War led to
  British conquest of all Canada

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Battle of Quebec(The French and Indian War)

• French General Marquis Louis de Montcalm with
  14,000 men advanced on English
• British muskets shattered ranks of French and
  wounded many
• The French retreated to Quebec and surrendered
  on September 18, 1759
• Determined North America an English rather than a
  French continent