Moving Toward Secession

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Moving Toward Secession

• NC seceded from union May, 1861
• Disunion occurred because
• 1. exp. of nation
• 2. changes in northern/southern society
• 3. struggle for power by political parties
• 4. sectionalism
• 5. slavery

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The National Division Over Slavery

• Jefferson responsible for Louisiana Purchase
  which enabled people to move west
• As cities developed, began applying for
  statehood would states be admitted as slave or
  free
• Louisiana admitted as slave Jefferson- a fire
  bell in the night that tolled the death of the
  Union

3
The Missouri Compromise

• 1820 US22 states (11S11F)
• Senate has reps from slave states and free
  states
• House of Reps has more reps from free states
• Missouri applies for admittance as a slave state
  but NY senator Tallmadge introduces a bill
  requiring Missouri to abolish slavery bill
  didnt pass and thrown out of senate

4
cont. of The Missouri Compromise

• Missouri Compromise settled dispute by allowing
  Mo. to be admitted as slave state and Maine as
  free state additionally, boundary set at Mo.s
  southern border across Louisiana territory and
  states north of line admitted as free and south
  of line admitted as slave

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The Growth of Antislavery Movement

• Finney/other evangelical Reverends preacher
  against slavery England was attempting to
  abolish slavery
• William Lloyd Garrison founded American
  Anti-Slavery Society
• NC Quakers were against slavery Levi Coffin was
  Quaker who was a conductor on underground railroad

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cont. of The Growth of Antislavery Movement

• Methodists/Baptists formed national organizations
  against slavery

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Manifest Destiny

• Expansion westward began with Louisiana Purchase
  in 1803, Spain sells Florida to US
• Americans believed in Manifest Destiny or belief
  that it was Americas destiny to expand to
  Pacific
• Defeating Mexicans for TX also included NM, CA
• Treaty w/ UK gave US rest of NW 1867 Russia sold
  Alaska to US

9
War with Mexico

• Texas won independence from Mexico and US wanted
  to annex Texas (not yet part of US)
• Texas becomes slave state
• Polk waged war on Mexico to win NM and CA
  (Mexican Cession) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  ended war

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cont. of War with Mexico

• Sen. Wilmot Proviso proposes no slavery on land
  acquired from Mexico bill did not clear senate
• NC proposes bills to secede from the Union

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The Compromise of 1850

• Proposed by Henry Clay
• 1) CA admitted as free state
• 2) ban on slave trade in DC
• 3) Slave states established stronger fugitive
  slave laws
• 4) slavery issue for NM and Utah would be
  decided locally under popular sovereignty

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Kansas-Nebraska Act created 2 territories out of
  the Nebraska territory and slavery issue would be
  decided under popular sovereignty now the
  Missouri Compromise was null and void
• Antislavery and proslavery activists fought
  Kansas became known as Bleeding Kansas
• Kansas applied for statehood but rejected

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Politics and Slavery

• Whig party dissolved b/c of differing opinions on
  slavery
• Republican party formed attracting former Whigs
  and Democrats

14
Increasing Tensions

• Dred Scott was slave in Missouri but moved with
  his masters to free territories (Wisconsin,
  Illinois) returned to Missouri w/ master tried
  to sue for freedom but he was denied
• Hinton Rowan Helper, NC author of The Impending
  Crises of the South which blames slavery for why
  South lags behind North NC found him guilty of
  spreading incendiary literature Helper fled

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cont. of Increasing Tensions

• Kansas abolitionist, John Brown, plotted to
  capture federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, VA
  then arm slaves for revolt
• Captured, tried, convicted and hung

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The Election of 1860

• Democratic convention met but could not decide on
  platform (statement of principles) extremists
  wanted platform to express need for Congress to
  protect slavery while other Democrats wanted
  popular sovereignty expressed extremist
  Democrats lost out and walked out of convention

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cont. of The Election of 1860

• Democrats ran Douglas on sovereignty platform
  Breckinridge ran on platform that pushed for the
  protection of slavery
• Lincoln ran on Republican ticket

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The Push for Secession

• John Ellis leader of secessionists (Democrats
  those who wanted to secede from US)
• Democrats did not feel Republicans would uphold
  laws that protected slavery
• Republican party did not exist in NC so no hope
  of representation under a Republican president

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cont. of The Push for Secession

• Struggle begins b/t unionists and secessionists
  in NC unionists feel that secession should not
  occur until Lincoln does something to threaten
  slavery

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Another Step Toward Secession

• December 1860 SC seceded
• January/February GA and rest of Gulf states
  seceded
• AB, SC, GA, FL, MI, LA, TX formed Confederate
  States of America w/ Jefferson Davis as president

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The People Speak

• In NC, Southern Rights party formed (led by
  Weldon Edwards) to push for secession in NC
  counties

22
The Attack on Fort Sumter

• Union troops had been stationed at Fort Sumter
  and when SC seceded, state demanded the Union
  troops leave they refused so SC launched attack
  on fort next day Union troops surrendered

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Secession

• May 1861 NC secedes under Gov. Ellis