Equipment 1

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Equipment - 1

• Site clearing, development of access, shaping of
  the site, foundation excavation, and hoisting and
  handling materials all involve the use of a
  large number of highly efficient and versatile
  equipment.
• The proper selection of these equipment and the
  length of time they will have to be used are an
  essential part of the estimators work.

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Equipment - 2

• The construction equipment used on a project may
  be owned, leased, or rented by a contractor.
• The cost of contractor-provided equipment to a
  project must be passed on to the client in the
  form of equipment charges that are included
  within a bid.

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Buy, Lease, or Rent

• Availability of cash for down payment or outright
  purchase
• current interest rates on loans or installment
  purchase plans
• current rental and lease rates
• income tax benefits
• expected usage of the equipment
• the expected life of the equipment

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Ownership

• Ownership of the equipment can be an economic
  drain if the equipment is underutilized, becomes
  obsolescent, or is subject to frequent breakdown
  as so often happens when kept too long.

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Selecting Equipment

• -Volume of work to be performed. The size of the
  job will influence both individual size and
  numbers of production units.
• -Job conditions. Each equipment best suited for
  certain job conditions.
• -Current Inventory of Equipment. The contractor
  will attempt to use any available owned or
  on-hand leased equipment.
• -Project Schedule. Required job completion date
  may force use of larger numbers of sizes of
  equipment.

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Track Type Tractors

• Primarily used for Earth moving operations.
• Come in many various sizes, from a small D3 to a
  very large D11.
• Very expensive to own and lease.
• Need qualified highly paid operators.

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Track-Type Tractors
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Loaders

• Used for earthmoving and loading.
• Can be used as integrated tool carriers.
• Available in many sizes and configurations.
• Easily maintained
• Operator friendly

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Loaders
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Backhoe Loaders

• Very common piece of equipment
• Many subcontractors own/lease
• Very versatile
• Easily transported
• Low maintenance costs
• Operator friendly
• Easily rented

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Backhoe Loaders
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Other Equipment

• Dump trucks
• Various hauling operations.
• Compactors
• to consolidates soils in fills, road bases, etc.
• Excavator
• Used primarily for digging but can be used for
  demolition with attachments.
• Motor grader
• Shaping of subgrades, shoulders, ditches, and
  backslopes maintenance of construction roads.

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Transportation Considerations

• Maximum width in Florida 102 or 85
• Loads over 10 width require permit
• Loads over 12 width require escort
• Maximum height is 136
• Loads up to 15 require permit and routing
• Loads over 15 require police escort, 50 mile
  limit
• Maximum length of trailer is 53, overall 74
• Maximum weight is 80,000 gross
• overweight require permit
• overweight fines up to .05/lb.. over 80,000

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Transportation Costs

• Standard equipment
• Not more than 10 high
• Not more than 8 wide
• Not more than 50,000
• Approximately 80 per hour 3 hour min.

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Transportation costs cont..

• Non Standard Equipment
• Over 10 high
• Over 9 wide
• Over 60,000
• Approximately 100 - 200 per hour 3 hour min,
  plus permits and escorts.

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Cranes

• Cranes have been one of the most important and
  widely used pieces of erection equipment since
  they were first invented.
• Every construction job should be looked at on an
  individual basis before a crane is selected. All
  variables should be considered.

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Mobile Cranes

• Can travel freely throughout the job site and on
  the highway.
• Do not have to follow a pre-determined path.

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Mobile Cranes

• They are best suited for rural areas, where
  movement is necessary.
• Not well suited for city construction because
  they have to step back to lift loads over the top
  of buildings. Usually there is no room for this
  in a dense city environment.

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Latticed Boom Cranes
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Latticed Boom Cranes

• Have high production rates, easy operation, and
  have a large range of potential uses to the
  owner.
• Typically used to
• load sand and gravel at concrete batching plants
• load and unload ships
• demolish buildings
• Usually mounted to truck or crawler base

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Telescoping Cantilevered Boom Cranes
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Telescoping Cantilevered Boom Cranes

• Commonly referred to as cherry pickers, zoom
  booms, or hydraulic cranes.
• Can be mounted on any type of carrier or base.
• Made of several sections that fit into one
  another
• Virtually no erection and dismantling is needed,
  saving labor costs.

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Tower Cranes
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Tower Cranes

• Are best suited for city construction
• Work well in confined spaces and have virtually
  no height limit in the buildings that they can
  build.
• Can operate in higher wind conditions than mobile
  cranes.

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Bases and Mountings for Tower Cranes

• Static Base
• used with fixed type towers
• Tower is rigidly anchored to foundation
• no limit to height of crane
• Traveling Base
• moves on rails
• Climbing Base
• climbs up structure as construction progresses

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Static Base
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Traveling Base
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Climbing Base
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Crane Related Accidents

• Accidents on construction sites that are related
  to crane and rigging equipment
• electrocution
• overturning
• overloading
• falls
• dropping loads
• Most of these accidents are preventable with a
  proper safety program and training.

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Equipment Productivity

• Factors affecting rate of production of a piece
  of equipment
• site conditions
• the nature of material being processed
• the condition of equipment
• operator ability.

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Determining Productivity

• Equipment productivity can be measured in two
  ways
• On-site It is measured over a sufficient period
  to establish reasonably accurate figures.
• Off-site It is estimated based on productivity
  data that has been generated from past company
  experience or which has been made available from
  manufacturer. Manufacturer's productivity rates
  are based on ideal conditions. Such rates should
  be multiplied by a numerical efficiency factor.

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Job efficiency factors for earthmoving operations
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Ownership Costs

• Costs associated with owning the equipment.
• Are incurred whether or not the equipment is
  operational.
• Depreciation
• Interest charges on borrowed money
• Insurance
• Taxes
• Storage and transportation to site

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Operating Cost

• Fuel
• Maintenance Services
• Repairs
• Tires
• Operator's wages

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EQUIPMENT LEASING

• A lease normally involves a long period of time,
  usually approximating the economic life.
• With a lease, the depreciation and interest
  components are replaced completely by the lease
  payments. Other ownership type costs (taxes,
  licenses, permits, insurance, parking and
  storage) still remain. Operating costs are also
  lessee's responsibility and will be handled the
  same as for owned equipment.

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EQUIPMENT RENTAL

• Rental is the ideal option for short-term
  equipment need.The rates per unit time are higher
  than for leasing.
• Under most rental agreements, all ownership costs
  are included within the rental fee.
• Maintenance and repair normally are rental agency
  responsibilities, as would be tires.
• Fuel, oil and lubrication costs generally will be
  the only operating costs (other than the operator
  himself) to be paid by the renter.