No Child Left Behind

1
No Child Left Behind

• Kelly Burja
• Melissa Dsouza
• Sabrina Tomka
• Wendy Walters-Haas

2
Outline

• Common Terms
• NCLB
• History
• Laws
• Cases
• Consequences
• POV
• Fund Distribution
• Whose Impacted?
• Solutions
• Suggestions

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CLICK HERE!!!
4
Definitions

• No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Is designed to
  assist school raise the standards for education
  and to ensure accountability for the performance
  of students. In addition, it is used to bridge
  the gap between poor education and low
  socioeconomic groups.
• Florida A-Plus Program Accountability system
  that helped to design the NCLB.
• Sunshine State Standards Implemented in 1996 it
  provided classroom expectations for students in
  Florida.

5
Definitions

• Title One This is apart of NCLB that supports
  programs in schools and school districts to
  improve the learning of children of low-income
  families.
• Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) NCLB uses this to
  explain that the student is meeting the state
  reading and math goals. The school districts
  report card will show if the goals are met.

6
Definitions

• High Qualified Teacher (HQT) NCLB uses this for
  a teacher to prove that he or she knows the
  subjects they are teaching, has a college degree,
  and is state-certified. HQT are used in core
  subjects.
• School District Report Cards This gives parents
  report cards so they can see the schools in their
  district success or not.
• Reading First Is a program that provides more
  that a billion dollars a year to help children
  learn to read. This is apart of NCLB it ensure
  that children will read on grade level by the
  third grade.

7
Definitions

• Schools in Need of Improvement This is referred
  to schools receiving Title One funding that does
  not meet the state reading and math AYP for _at_
  least 2 years. If the school receives this, then
  the students have the choice to transfer to
  another public school, including a public charter
  school.
• Supplemental Educational Services (SES) This
  service has been implemented to give students
  tutoring and extra help with schoolwork in
  subject such as math and reading. The service is
  free and most likely takes place outside regular
  school hours.

8
No Child Left Behind

• NCLB was designed to
• Create higher educational standards
• Produce greater accountability for student
  performance
• Close the achievement gap between different
  racial and socioeconomic groups

9
NCLB Provisions

• Establishment of an accountability system
• Creating higher standards for teachers
• Testing students annually
• Encouraging parental involvement
• Teaching curriculum that had been proven
  effective through scientifically-based research
• Allowing students to transfer out of schools who
  did not display adequate yearly progress (AYP)

10
NCLB Penalties

• Development or revision of improvement plan
• Student transfers
• Establishment of additional services
• Implementing new curriculum
• Removing staff
• Extending length of school day or school year

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(No Transcript)
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Problems with NCLB

• Underfunded mandate
• Lack of consideration for learning disabled (LD)
  students
• Disregard for subjects other than reading and
  mathematics

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Underfunded Mandate Lawsuits

• National Education Association (NEA)
• Filed lawsuit on April 20, 2005
• State of Connecticut
• Filed lawsuit on August 22, 2005
• Both lawsuits alleged the federal government was
  failing to adequately fund NCLB

14
Underfunded Mandate Lawsuits

• Section 9527(a) of the No Child Left Behind Act
• Nothing in the Act shall be construed to
  mandate a State or any subdivision thereof to
  spend any funds or incur any costs not paid for
  under this Act.

15
Court Rulings

• Both the NEA and Connecticut lawsuits were
  dismissed from court on the basis that Section
  9527(a) does not prohibit the government from
  imposing underfunded mandates
• NEA and Connecticut are appealing the decision

16
Disregard for LD Students

• State of Utah
• State senate passed a bill authorizing public
  schools to ignore testing mandates for LD
  students
• State of Texas
• Commissioner of education granted public schools
  the right to exclude LD students from NCLB
  mandates

17
Determining AYP

• NCLB divides students into five main subgroups
• Whites
• Minorities
• Children from poor families
• Handicapped students
• Students with low English proficiency

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Determining AYP

• Schools fail to demonstrate adequate yearly
  progress when at least one subgroup fails to
  display growth and continued improvement in their
  test results
• Learning disabled students as well as those with
  low English proficiency continuously lack to
  demonstrate growth and improvement on assessment
  tests

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AYP Misconceptions

• Measuring student progress-comparison of students
  varies year-year
• Failing AYP means school not progressing
• AYP reading math target proficiency-national/sta
  te discrepancies

20
NCLB Testing Mandates

• NCLB requires learning disabled students to take
  standardized tests at their grade level
• Most students with severe learning disabilities
  are unable to perform at grade level

21

• How do you currently feel about standardized
  testing?

22
NCLB Exemptions

• When NCLB was first established, only 1 of
  learning disabled students could be exempt
• The exemption rate was later increased to 3 by
  Education Secretary Margaret Spellings
• NCLB expects 97 of learning disabled students to
  learn, function, and perform at the exact same
  level as their non-disabled peers

23
Demoralizing Effects

• Forcing learning disabled students to preform at
  such a high ability level causes them to doubt
  their intelligence, develop a sense of
  inferiority, and become discouraged and
  frustrated
• Third grade learning disabled student
• The only thing I have learned this school year
  is that I am not smart.

24
Testing Solutions

• Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT)
• Administer FCAT based on ability level
• Allow LD students to take alternative
  assessments such as the Alternative Assessment
  Test

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• CLICK HERE!!!

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Disregard for Subjects
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Neglected Subjects

• Because NCLB focuses on reading and math, other
  subjects are often neglected or ignored
• NCLB has drastically cut classroom time and
  funding for subjects such as
• Science
• Arts Education
• Physical Education

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Neglected Subjects Science

• National Assessment of Educational Progress
  (NAEP) report
• 82 of twelfth graders in 2000 were unable
  display science proficiency on a national NAEP
  test
• NCLB requires states to begin administering
  science assessment tests in 2007
• Science scores will not be used when determining
  AYP

29
Point of View on Science Education

• U.S. Commission on National Security in the 21st
  Century
• More Americans will have to understand and work
  competently with science and math on a daily
  basisthe inadequacies of our systems of research
  and education pose a greater threat to U.S.
  national security over the next quarter century
  than any potential conventional war that we might
  imagine.

30
Neglected Subjects Arts Education

• Arts education includes
• Creative Writing
• Performing Arts
• Visual Arts
• NCLB lists arts education as a core academic
  subject
• NCLB does not require schools to assess student
  performance in any areas of arts education

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Arts Education Continued

• A study conducted by the Center for Education
  Policy revealed that NCLB has reduced arts
  education by 22
• This has lead to the development of many arts
  advocacy groups and campaigns
• Arts Education Partnership
• Music Education Coalition
• National Arts Education Public Awareness Campaign
• Commission on No Child Left Behind
• http//www.aspeninstitute.org/site/c.huLWJeMRKpH/b
  .938015/k.40DA/Commission_on_No_Child_Left_Behind.
  htm

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Points of View on Arts Education

• Brenda Welburn Executive Director of the
  National Association of State Boards of
  Education
• These subjects should be considered as
  fundamental to a childs education as the three
  Rs.
• Mollie Theel Minnesota art teacher in an
  interview with the National Education
  Association (NEA)
• I understand about math and reading. I just
  want fair time and respect. Art is not fluff.
  We teach kids to see in new ways. We touch the
  senses. A lot of what I do is applied math
  proportion and ratio, scale and measuring.

33
Neglected Subjects P.E.

• National Parent Teacher Association (NPTA) study
  
• 40 of elementary schools nationwide have
  eliminated or shortened recess in response to
  NCLB
• NPTA in partnership with the Cartoon Network have
  created a program called Rescuing Recess

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Rescuing Recess Campaign

• NPTA press release
• The goal of the campaign is to recognize
  unstructured break time as an essential element
  of the school day and to connect educators,
  parents, and kids as advocates to bring back or
  keep recess.

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Points of View on P.E.

• Anna Weselak NPTA President
• Children who are physically active do better in
  the classroom. The research tells us that even
  if it means a reduction in class time, providing
  more time for physical activity can lead to
  increased test scores.
• Beverley Ann Griffin Mother of a third grade
  girl in an interview with the Boston Herald
• Success-driven adults are forgetting we have
  children in schools. They are not business
  executives. They are not 7-year-old CEOs. They
  are children and they need to have a break in the
  middle of the day.

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How Did We Get Here?

• Be it enacted by the senate and House of
  Representatives of the United States of America
  in Congress assembled. That there shall be
  established, at the city of Washington, a
  Department of Education, for the purpose of
  collecting such statistics and facts as shall
  show the condition and progress of education in
  several States and Territories, and of diffusing
  such information respecting the organization and
  management of schools and school systems, and
  methods of teaching, as shall aid the people in
  the United States in the establishment and
  maintenance of efficient school systems, and
  otherwise promote the cause of education
  throughout the country.
• (bill introduced by Representative James Garfield
  (R-OH) in support of DOE-currently referred to as
  USOE), 1867)

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• Does anyone know how we currently get that
  information?

38
NAEP Tests

• Elementary Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
  passed by L.Johnson, 1965
• National student assessment
• Responsible party, US Commissioner of
  Education (1962-1965), F.Keppel The nation could
  find out about school buildings or discover how
  many years children stay in school it had no
  satisfactory way of assessing whether the time
  spent in school was effective.

39
NCLB Positives

• Stats from 2002-05
• 4th grade reading proficiency increased by 16 .
  50 of Florida students are reading at or above
  their particular grade level.
• 5th grade math proficiency increased by 9
• Black-white achievement gap in reading
  hispanic-white achievement gap in reading
  narrowed by 6
• Since 2002 graduation percentages have risen from
  52 to 65.
• (most recent info according to FL report card)

40
Sunshine State Standards

• They were approved in 1996 to provide
  expectations for Florida students.
• They contain more challenging material than
  previous state standards, which focused on
  minimum competencies.
• Chosen to provide flexibility for schools in
  designing a curriculum based on the local needs.
• As Florida moves toward greater accountability
  for student achievement, the Standards have been
  further defined.

41
Sunshine State Standards

• In the subjects of language arts, math, science,
  and social studies the Standards have been
  expanded to include Grade Level Expectations
  (GLE).
• These GLE will eventually become the basis for
  state assessments in grades 3-10 in language arts
  and math, but will eventually include science and
  social studies.

42
Sunshine State Standards

• What are they?
• They are broad statements that describe what a
  child should know and be able to do at every
  grade level.
• They cover 7 subject areas
• Social studies
• Science
• Language arts
• Health/physical education
• The arts
• Foreign language
• Mathematics

43
Sunshine State Standards

• The standards are divided into smaller units
  called benchmarks, which outline the specific
  content, knowledge, and skills that students are
  expected to learn in school.
• Each students performance on FCAT Reading,
  Writing, Mathematics, and Science tests indicates
  his or her progress in reaching these benchmarks.

44

• Play part of A Florida Promise Chapter about
  measuring up.

45
Florida A-Plus Program

• It is a school accountability system that helped
  formed the NCLB act.
• Each public school is assigned a grade based on
  student performance on the FCAT.
• If a school receives 2 F in a 4-year period,
  its students are offered vouchers to attend a
  local private/parochial school in the past,
  changed as of Jan. 2006.

46
Florida A-Plus Program

• Schools are graded based on
• Overall performance of their students on the
  FCAT.
• The percentage of eligible students who take the
  test.
• Whether or not students have made annual learning
  gains in reading and math, with particular
  attention to the reading scores of the lowest 25
  of students in the school.

47
Florida A-Plus Program

• Main Points
• All public schools get letter grades on an A to F
  scale.
• Students in failing schools can transfer to
  another school or work with Assistance Plus
  school staff to improve their school.
• The A Plan ends social promotion.
• The A Plan raises standards for teachers.

48
Statistics on the Florida A-Plus Program

• 75 of all 3rd graders are reading at or above
  grade level, compared to 57 in 2001.
• 4th graders are performing above the national
  average in reading and math.
• The number of high school students taking AP
  courses has increased 125 since 1999.
• 68 of Florida schools received A or B grades
  compared to the 21 before Florida A-Plus was put
  into action.

49
Title One Funding

• Title 1 is apart of the Elementary Secondary
  Education Act of 1965. It was a way of
  eliminating any difference in education from the
  different levels of economic status.
• The foundation of Title 1 was to help children
  who lived in poverty receive the same education
  as other children. The ultimate goal was such
  that all students are educated equally.
• In 1994 the mission changed to assisting all
  disadvantage students met the state standards.

50
Title One Funding

• The way the is allocated is based on a formula
  the ratio is the number of students who live in
  poverty and receive free or reduced lunch.
  According to http//www.psesd.org/lt/titleone,
• The ratio has to equal 40 of the students.
• This funding affects grades K through high school.

51
Title One Funding

• Title 1 is flexible, such that, it can also be
  used to improve teachers development, the
  curriculum, classroom aides, and doing other
  activities that assist in improving student
  performance in the class
• 2/3 of the 11 million dollars are used for
  students in K-6th grade. About 260,000
  preschool children are being served under the
  Title 1 guidelines.
• 1 million children with disabilities receive
  Title One. It also provides aides for students
  who are not fluent in English approximately 2
  million students use this aide.

52
Nationwide Concerns

• Some urban schools graduating less than 50 of
  target grads
• 28 of grad class entering 2-4 yr colleges need
  remedial English math
• According to transcripts 53 of entries enroll
  for at least 1 remedial math or English

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U.S. Conference of Mayors

• 2004, committed to aligning academic from
  elementary-postsecondary levels
• 04 commitment to comparable academic curriculum
  for all schools within district standards to
  college

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USCM Solutions

• Create programs w/ elementary, middle high
  school working in conjunction w/ postsecondary
  school curriculum
• Encouragement of programs such as GEAR UP
  http//www.ed.gov/programs/gearup/index.html
  Project Grad http//www.projectgrad.org/site/pp.as
  p?cfuLTJeMUKrHb365959 offering financial
  assistance
• Joint ventures partnerships w/ postsecondary
  education http//studentservices.fgcu.edu/supports
  ervices/

55
USCM Solutions

• Classes _at_ school w/ job opp exp while in school
• Teacher recruitment w/ housing incentives
  http//www.floridahousing.org/Home/
• Creating or authorizing charter schools
• http//www.bonitaspringscharter.org/
• http//www.capecoralcharter.org/
• http//www.capecharterschools.org/
• http//www.gatewaycharterhigh.org/
• http//www.gatewaycharterschool.org/
• http//www.leecharteracademy.com/
• http//www.goodwilllifeacademy.org/
• http//www.lifeskillscenters.com/
• http//www.nesihq.org/richard-milburn-academy.htm
  
• http//www.sixmilecharter.org/
• http//tis-bocagrande.org/theIslandPost.asp

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USCM Solutions

• Sponsoring policies practices that encourage
  are involved in tutoring, mentoring, school
  volunteering. http//www.lee.k12.fl.us/schools/dpl
  /ambassadors.htm
• Supporting school bond tax levies
  http//www.lee-county.com/minutes/2001/09-25-01.ht
  m
• Encouraging parent involvement http//www.lee.k12.
  fl.us/schools/dpl/Parents.html
• Facilitating business partnerships w/ schools

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USCM Solutions

• Alternatives for at risk in out of school
  youth
• http//www.fsu.edu/flserve/whoweare.html
• http//www.fsu.edu/flserve/projects/0506projects.
  pdf
• Edu opps for recent released juv offenders
  ending foster care students
• http//www.lee.k12.fl.us/sch_im_plans/price_halfwa
  y_sch_improvement_plan.htm
• http//www.dcf.state.fl.us/fostercare/help.shtml
• Construct modernize schools for joint use as
  community learning centers
• http//www.lee.k12.fl.us/dept/ace/dun.htm

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USCM Solutions

• Recreation athletic Options for students
• Recognition progs for educators
  http//www.fldoe.org/STAR/
• Lobbying
• Participate in school board member vote
  superintendent vote
• Overseeing of school budget process
• Summer school year job availability for work exp

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NCLB Supporters Claim

• FL 4th in nation for disadvantage student funding
• Federal education spending higher under current
  administration than previous ones, by 49
• NCLB has received "an enormous amount of money"
  at a time "when you're just not seeing these
  kinds of increases in other domestic spending
  areas (Heritage Foundation expert, Krista Kafer
  quoted)

60
Solutions

• What can FGCU students do?
• Contact sirentas_at_eagle.fgcu.edu and get involved
  in SHS, or find out more about SSS.
• Vote
• Volunteer-fulfills SL requirement
• Substitute teach-great pay, retirement benefits,
  work when you want! www.leeschools.net/dept/ps/onl
  ine_application/sub_rew.htm
• Tell your friends w/ kids to visit hotlinks
  implement USCM suggestions, tell education majors
  to log onto the hotlinks for ideas or if looking
  for SL hours.
• Visit DCF site to find out how you can help a
  child in need.
• Become a lobbyist http//www.lee-county.com/online
  documents/lobbyist.htm
• Attend a school board meeting http//www.lee.k12.f
  l.us/community/board/ads/welcome.htm

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Questions For You

• After this presentationHow do you now feel about
  standardized testing?
• What would you suggest as more effective means?

62

• Any Questions?

63
Sources

• http//www.ed.gov/print/nclb/overview/intro/parent
  sfacts.html
• http//www.ed.gov/programs/gearup/index.html
• http//www.projectgrad.org/site/pp.asp?cfuLTJeMUK
  rHb365959
• http//usmayors.org/uscm/resolutions/74th_conferen
  ce/resolutions_adopted_2006.pdf
• http//www.thebeehive.org/Templates/School/Level3I
  mage.aspx?PageId1.527.584Local1Lang1
• http//www.nea.org/esea/storiesfromthefield.html
• http//www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cr_aplus.h
  tm
• http//www.firn.edu/doe/menu/sss.htm

64
Sources

• http//www.schoolofed.nova.edu/choice/parent/publi
  c_school_choice.htm
• http//www.foxnews.com/national/education/index.ht
  ml
• http//www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/con
  tent_storage_01/0000000b/80/33/44/d7.pdf
• http//nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/
• http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/artic
  le/2006/05/22/AR2006052201189.html
• http//www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/FL
  /216/improve
• http//www.ij.org/pdf_folder/school_choice/competi
  tive_effects.pdfsearch2222School20Choice20Im
  proves20Public20Schools2222

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Picture Credits

• http//www.palm.com/us/images/education/resourceli
  brary/nclb_lrg.gif
• http//susanohanian.org/nclb_cartoons/NCLB-Clear.j
  pg
• http//mason.gmu.edu/smorris2/feed/images/nclb.gi
  f
• http//www.rethinkingschools.org/img/archive/19_01
  /RS19-11t.jpg 
• http//student.plattsburgh.edu/wyma7579/exceptiona
  l.gif 
• http//www.dyslexia-parent.com/test1.jpg 
• http//us.inmagine.com/168nwm/photodisc/pdep064/pd
  ep064053.jpg
• http//www.pft.org/graphics/NCLB_Curric.gif
• http//www.pta.org/archive_article_details_1142027
  724093.html
• http//www.hygun.com/drama.jpg
• http//www.stephenelliott.com/uploaded_images/pen-
  paper-750508.jpg
• http//www.rc255.will.k12.il.us/bes/bes/Web20Page
  20Graphics/Physical20Education204.gif
• http//pbl.unipv.it/beppe/chemistry.jpg