The Allies Win the War

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The Allies Win the War

• Lesson 5

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A New Kind of WAR

• Moved quickly by tanks, ship, and airplanes.
• Didnt live in trenches
• Bombs dropped by planes destroyed everything
  including thousands of civilians
• Area covering almost half the world
• Fought on two major front, or battle lines
• Africa and Europe and the other the Pacific

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War in Africa and Europe

• Allies battle plan in Europe
• Gain control of the Mediterranean Sea
• Invade Italy
• Defeat Germans and Italians in North Africa
• September 1943, Italians surrendered.
• German forces kept fighting

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D Day

• June 6, 1944, the largest water-to-land invasion
  in history
• General Dwight D.Eisenhower led the invasion.
• American, Canadian, and British troops crossed
  the English Channel.
• Landed on the beaches of Normandy, in France
• Many troops died, but the invasion was successful.

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Fighting Continues at Normandy

• Allies broke through the German lines
• Moved inland, pushing back the enemy
• Germans counterattacked at the Battle of the
  Bulge in December 1944
• American general, George Patton turned the
  Germans back.
• Patton was the most outstanding general during
  the invasion of France.

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Russia helps Out

• Also fighting the Germans
• Pushed back from the east.
• May 1945 Allied troops from the east and west met
  near Berlin, the German capital
• Learned Hitler had killed himself.
• Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2, 1945
• Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945
• Victory in Europe Day or V-E Day
• End of the War in Europe

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President Roosevelt Dies

• Did not live to see the end of World War II.
• Died on April 12, 1945
• Vice President Harry S. Truman became President.

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The Holocaust

• Jews, Gypsies, and people with disabilities were
  hated by Hitler and the Nazis.
• Put in concentration camps.
• Some were used for cruel medical experiments.
• Arrested Jews all over the world.
• Mass murdered the Jews, known as the Holocaust.
  More than 12 million men, women, and children
  were killed. At least 6 million were JEWS.

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War in the Pacific

• The Second front of the war.
• Japanese troops landed in the Philippines after
  bombing Pearl Harbor.
• Forced Americans to surrender
• General Douglas McArthur promised the people of
  the Philippines, I shall return.
• Two years later, he did.

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Turning Point

• Japanese seemed to be winning the war.
• May 1942, the U.S. navy defeated the Japanese
  fleet in the Battle of the Coral Sea.
• In June, American ships sank four enemy aircraft
  carriers at the Battle of Midway.
• Japans navy never recovered its losses!
• Allies began forcing Japanese from the lands they
  had taken over.

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Island Hopping

• American plan to take back only the most
  important islands on the way to Japan.
• Allies bombed Japan from the air to weaken the
  soldiers there
• General McArthur began his invasion to take back
  the Philippine Islands, as promised.
• Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were bloody and
  cost thousands of lives.

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A Secret Weapon

• President Truman found out former President
  Roosevelt had allowed the development of the
  Atomic Bomb
• The most powerful bomb the world had ever known.
• Summer of 1945, the atomic bomb was ready.
• Truman wanted to end the war quickly to save
  American lives.

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The Sky Explodes

• August 6, 1945, the American bomber, Enola Gay
  dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
• A flash like an exploding Sun
• Mushroom shaped cloud rose from the city
• Killed over 75,000 civilians
• Japan still DID NOT SURRENDER!

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The Second Bomb

• August 9, 1945, the United States dropped the
  second bomb on Japan.
• Nagasaki.
• Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945
• V-J Day or Victory over Japan Day.
• World War II was FINALLY over!
• Over 300,000 Americans dead and over 15 millions
  other soldiers from other countries died in the
  fighting.

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Improved Medicine

• Penicillin and sulfa helped fight infections.
• DDT, a new chemical to kill mosquitoes helped
  prevent malaria and other diseases.

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A Changed World

• Another world organization of nations
• U.S. supported it this time
• United Nations was formed in April 1945.
• Goal was to keep world peace
• Promote cooperation among nations

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Changes in Technology

• Airplanes became a major weapon.
• Drones, planes that flew without pilots dropped
  bombs on cities.
• Transport planes parachuted soldiers into battle.
• Aircraft carriers launched plans from the sea.
• Antiaircraft guns, special cannons
• Radio detection and ranging RADAR, could located
  planes and ships in bad weather or at night.

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America, the Strongest Nation

• America became the worlds strongest nation
• Helped other nations rebuild
• Trouble on the horizon
• Soviet Union became bitter
• Soviet Union set up a communist government
• Communism is a system in which all property is
  owned by the government.

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U.S. Opinion of Communism

• Saw communism as a threat to freedom
• Helped support countries in their fight against
  the spread of communism.
• Hostility, or unfriendliness developed between
  the free world and the communist countries.
• Called the cold war because it was fought with
  propaganda and money instead of soldiers and
  weapons.