Presentation kindly prepared for

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Presentation kindly prepared for ECE1006 Health
in Early Childhood by David Lester
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Manual Handling Issues Computers Studying
USQ Early Childhood Presentation

• Physical Health
• Physical Safety
• Long Term Survival

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Goals of Presentation

• Knowledge ( Biomechanics Injuries )
• Skills ( Neutral Spine Stabilizers )
• Attitudes ( Sports model at work )
• Decisions ( Behaviour Based Safety)

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Workers as Athletes
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Sports Model

• Principles understood accepted
• In the sporting context we usually behave
  according to the model
• In the working context we usually behave
  differently ..why ?

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Workers as Athletes

• Fit for the Job
• Skills for the Task
• Play to your Strengths
• Teamwork

• Warm Up
• Keep your Focus
• Problem Solve
• Warm Down
• Adequate Recovery

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Fitness for Work

• Warm Up
• 2 3 min Mild Exercise
• Gentle stretching
• Warm Down
• Gentle stretching
• Adequate Flexibility
• Endurance

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Manual Handling .
Using Your Body to Exert a Force on an Object

• Pushing
• Pulling
• Lifting

• Carrying
• Wheeling
• Using Tools

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Risk Factors in Manual Handling

• Weight of the object
• Shape of the object
• Objects height off the ground
• Objects distance away from you
• How often you need to do the task
• Compromising situations
• Lifting in a team

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Pushing Pulling

• Waist level ideal
• Stronger than left or right across body
• Greater forces available when standing
• Mechanical aids where possible
• Replace lifting by pushing and pulling

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Our Bodies as Machines

• Our Body / Machine Needs .
• Regular Maintenance
• Correct Fuel
• Regular Use
• To be Kept Within its Limits
• Used in the way it was designed to be used

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Back Injuries

• Cumulative Stress Vs Traumatic Event
• Most Common Vs Most Serious
• Muscle / Ligament Strain
• Facet Joint aggravation
• Disc disruption / bulging / prolapsing
• Nerve irritation
• Spinal cord or nerve impingement

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Biomechanics

• Key Design Features of Our Bodies
• Implications for Use of Our Bodies
• 3 forms of Stress
• Load
• Sustained
• Repetitive

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The Neutral Position of the Skeleton

• Away from Neutral
• Less Load
• Less Time
• Less Repetitions

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Remember This

• 3 Curves
• Minimal Twisting
• Position where
• Most Efficient
• Least Stress
• Easiest Movement

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Bones Joints

• Bones
• Long transmit forces
• Short absorb forces
• Joints
• Ball Socket multi axial
• Hinge uni axial
• Butt control movement

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Joints and Bones

• Facet joints
• control movement
• of vertebrae

• Ball Socket
• Joints for
• movement

• Limbs as Levers

• Trunk as a Lever needs to be Stabilized

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Muscles

• 2 General Types
• Movers
• Long / Fast / Powerful / Bursts
• Stabilizers
• Broad / Slow / Weak / Sustained

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Muscles of the Trunk
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When the Pressure is On
Pressure in the Abdominal Cavity
Diaphragm
Spinal Structures
Abdominal Muscles
Pelvic Floor
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Your Built-In Back Support

• Deep Transverse
• Postural Muscle
• Pelvic Floor Link
• Dont Strain
• Stabilize !!!

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Lifting Styles
The Bad
The Ugly
The Good
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Shoulders Neck

• Head back over the base of the neck
• Shoulder blades in neutral
• Down together gently
• Avoid reaching with the shoulders
• Feeling of growing tall
• Release the pecs - stretching

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Bending, Lifting, Moving

• Keep the Curves of the Spine
• The lower back a shallow inward curve
  Lordosis
• Avoid Twisting within the Trunk
• Keep the Head lined up with the Spine
• Shoulders in Neutral (down in)
• Stabilize with the Pelvic Deep Abdominal
  Muscles
• Bend at the Joints designed for it
• Hips, Knees Ankles

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Remember !!

• Keep the 3 curves
• Abdominal stabilizing
• Bend at the Hip, NOT the Back
• Chest and Pelvis Aligned
• Move Your Feet
• The Best Posture is the Next One

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Computer Risk Factors

• Static postures
• Build up of structural stress
• Decrease in movement of fluids
• Build up of waste products
• Sudden movements after being stationary
• Structural changes over time

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Postural Risk Factors

• Poked Neck
• Forearms turned in
• Arms lifted out
• Shoulders raised
• Wrists turned out

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Body Mechanics

• Keep the 3 curves
• Maintain lordosis
• Head over base of neck
• Shoulders relaxed
• Shoulder blades gently down together
• Elbows in and open
• Wrists in position of function

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Work Habits

• Reduce Static Loading
• Improve postural habits
• Optimize passive ergonomics of workstation
• Stimulate Fluid Flow in Stressed Tissues
• Mini Breaks - regular 2-3min 1/2 hourly
• Frequent but Gentle Stretching
• The Best Posture is the NEXT ONE !!

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Remember !!

• Keep the 3 curves
• Bend at the Hip, NOT the Back
• Abdominal stabilizing
• Chest and Pelvis Aligned
• Move Your Feet
• The Best Posture is the Next One

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Computer Workstation

• Chairs
• height of seat base 380mm-540mm, tilted down
  slightly
• five-arm base for balance
• adjustable back rest, both angle and height
• lumbar support at base of spine
• feet flat on floor or footrest
• knees about 90- 110
• hips 90- 100
• bottom to back of seat
• arms comfortable not elevated or slouched

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Computer Workstation

• Desks - principle of arcs
• Most common used items within distance from
  shoulder to hand when sitting upright
• Desk height for precision tasks 10 cm above the
  elbow when arm resting beside the body
• Desk height for light work elbow height
• Adequate room beneath the desk for leg movement
  both vertically and horizontally
• Desktop height of 740mm-780mm gives most scope
  for adaptation

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Computer Workstation

• VDU and Keyboard
• Reading distance of 400-700mm from the pupil
• Line of sight measured from Eye/Ear line and down
  45when head is held erect
• Provides comfortable relaxed neck posture
  reducing strain on muscles
• Easy solutions to alter heights include old
  phone-books beneath unit
• Avoid unnatural postures of the wrist
• Home row should not be higher than 30mm above
  desk height
• Avoid shoulder elevation or slouching