SALUD PBLICA VETERINRIA

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PAN AMERICAN FOOT- AND- MOUTH
DISEASE VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH PAN-AMERICAN
HEALTH ORGANIZATION- PAHO/WHO
SALUD PÚBLICA VETERINÁRIA ORGANIZACIÓN
PANAMERICANA DE LA SALUD ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE
LA SALUD
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Foot and Mouth DiseaseStrategies of Eradication
and Control in South AmericaEduardo
CorreaDirector PANAFTOSA PAHO/WHO
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INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD OF FMD IN SOUTH AMERICA
Century XVI, Establishment of livestock in South
America 1870 Introduction of FMD to S.
America (USA, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay). 1870
First outbreak of FMD in Brazil (Rio
Grande do Sul). 1910 FMD detected in
Bolivia and Perú. 1930 Outbreak of FMD in
Chile (animals introduced from
Argentina). 1950/51 FMD identified Colombia and
Venezuela. 1961 FMD detected in Ecuador.
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FIRST CASES OF FMD ERADICATION IN AMERICA
1929 United States eradicated FMD. 1952
Canadá eradicated FMD. 1954 México finalized
with success his eradication project. 1981
Chile declared free of FMD without
vaccination. 1994 Uruguay reached the status
of free without vaccination.
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FIRST PROGRAMS

• 60 First Projects with organized activities
• - 61 Argentina - 65 Brazil
• - 67 Paraguay y Uruguay
• - 69 Chile - 72 Colombia.
• 60 a 80, advances in vaccination coverage.
• 80 Weakening of the National Programs of Control
  and Eradication in some countries.
• 90 Rehabilitation of Services of Health Animal,
  specially in the area of the Pacific.

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ADVANCES IN TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND
COORDINATION IN AMERICA
1951 Creation of the Pan-American Foot and Mouth
Disease Center (PANAFTOSA) in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. ----- Development and Validation of
tecniques for virological and serological
diagnosis of FMD. ----- Development and
validation of techniques for vaccine control.
1972 Creation of the South American Commission
for the Fight Against FMD - COSALFA.
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ADVANCES IN THE TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND
COORDINATION IN AMERICA.

• 1972 Industrial development of oil adjuvanted
  vaccines for use in the FMD eradication.
• 1973 Development of the Continental System for
  Information and Surveillance of Vesicular
  Diseases.
• 1987 Development and application of the
  Hemispheric Program for FMD Eradication - PHEFA.
  
• 1988 Creation of the COHEFA.

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HEMISPHERIC PLAN FOR THE ERADICATION OF FMD
(PHEFA)
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PURPOSE OF PHEFA

• Increase the availability of meat and milk for
  the inhabitants of the Region and improvement of
  the socio-economic efficiency of the livestock
  production through
• increasing the cost opportunity rate of public
  investment in animal health and private
  investment in livestock
• eliminating an important limiting factor for
  technological investment (genetics, feeds,
  management)
• eliminating the trade barriers for
  commercialization of regional animal products

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OBJECTIVES OF PHEFA.

• To eradicate the FMD of the Americas, until year
  2009, by of the control and the elimination of
  the disease in endemic areas, and the prevention
  and protection of the free areas in the
  Continent.

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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF PHEFA

• The creation of new free areas,
• Controlling the disease where it is present in
  order to create conditions for its eradication
• Applying epidemiological measures to eliminate
  endemic foci in areas where there is no
  indication of clinical disease.
• Protecting and preventing the reintroduction of
  the disease in free areas of the Region.
• Creating and strengthening the zoosanitary
  structure in areas where the program is least
  developed

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BASIC STRATEGIES OF THE PHEFA.

• Knowledge of the production forms and livestock
  trade
• Application of a veterinay model of service with
  the incorporation of the producer.
• Characterization of the risk and diffusion of
  virus of FMD in the different zones, according to
  the defined macro-regionalization and ecosystems.
  
• Administrative technical coordination of the
  programs of fight against the FMD of the region

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MACROREGIONALIZATION

• I- MACRO REGIONALIZATION
• Free Area
• North America, Central America and Caribbean.
• Eradication Areas (South America)
• Southern Cone-Plata River Basin,
• Andean Area, and
• Amazon Area and non-Amazon Brazil

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PHEFA - Hemispheric Plan for FMD Eradication -
Regions
North America
Caribbean
Amazon Area and Brazil
Central America
Andean Region
Southern Cone
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ECOSYSTEMS OF FMD IN SOUTH AMERICA

• Primary Endemic Areas,
• Secondary Endemic Areas,
• Para-endemic or areas of sporadic presentation
• Free Areas.

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Programmatic bases of the National Programs.

• Epidemiological Surveillance.
• Prevention System .
• Sanitary control Customs, Airports, Ports.
  Borders etc.
• Laboratory Diagnosis and Vaccine Control.
• Vaccine production.
• Massive and Systematic vaccination.
• Outbreaks Detection and Control
• Information System.
• Agreements of Border.
• Community Participation

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Outbreaks FMD in South America - 2001
Venezuela - 30
Colombia - 6
Guyana - 0
Ecuador - 23
Brazil - 37
Peru- 0
Paraguay - 0
Bolivia - 88
Uruguay - 2057
Chile - 0
Argentina - 2126
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Outbreaks FMD in South America - 2002
Venezuela -9
Colombia - 8
Guyana - 0
Ecuador -108
Brazil - 0
Peru - 0
Paraguay -1
Bolivia - 9
Uruguay - 0
Chile - 0
Argentina - 1
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Outbreaks FMD in South America - 2003
Venezuela - 63
Colombia - 0
Guyana - 0
Ecuador 22
Brazil - 0
Peru - 0
Paraguay -1
Bolivia - 38
Uruguay - 0
Chile - 0
Argentina - 1
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Outbreaks FMD in South America - 2004 (until
july)
Venezuela - 18
Colombia - 0
Guyana - 0
Ecuador - 26
Brazil - 1
Peru - 12
Paraguay - 0
Bolivia - 0
Uruguay - 0
Chile - 0
Argentina - 0
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Regionalization of FMD in the South America, OIE.
March 2004
Free with vaccination Free without
vaccination Non free
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RESULTS OF PHEFAArea, Premises and bovines in
free areas of FMDSouth America 1988-2003.
Nº
Years

Area

Nº

Herds

Premises

1988

1.508.200

171.648

4.888.545

(8,55)

(3
,
49
)

(1
,
72
)




5.792.989
1.991.400
150.185.942
2002
(32,9)
(41,5)
(48,8)


6.174.849
2.107.357
170.158.211
2003




(35,1)
(43,9)
(55,3)





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Situation of FMD at the sanitary level South
America (OIE April 2004)
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Sanitary situation of FMD in South America, 2003
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Situation of FMD in sanitary level South America
(OIE April 2004)
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PHEFA Adjustment (emergency 2000-2001).

• Strengthening of the Administration especially of
  the Local Level.
• Specific Groups Programs in Risk Borders.
• Strengthening of the coordination and regional
  cooperation.
• Integration of all the acting agents (Public and
  Private sector, with all the different actors of
  the Livestock Production Chain).

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PHEFA FMD Hemisferic Erradication Plan Hot Spots
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FMD ERRADICATION Andean Region Border
Agreements
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Border Agreements Amazonic Area 1- Brazil,
Colombia, Venezuela, 2- Brazil, Guyana and
Venezuela
2
1
30
South Cone Border Agreements
7
3
6
4
8
2
5
Agreement 1- Brasil Uruguai 2- Brasil
Argentina-Paraguay. 3- Brasil - Bolivia 4- Chaco
(Bol-Arg-Par.) 5- Chile - Argentina 6- Tripartito
Bolivia/Chile/Peru 7- Brasil Bolivia Peru 8-
Brasil - Paraguai
1
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PHEFA OBJETIVE 2003-2009.

• To harmonize the control actions and eradication
  of FMD in the region, in the framework of the
  general and strategic objectives of the Plan of
  action of the PHEFA, through
• Strengthen the Local Level and all the agents of
  the livestock integration chain.
• Bi or tri national combined programs in risk
  borders.
• to Strengthen the regional instances of
  Coordination and Cooperation.
• Strengththen of Laboratories.
• Epidemiologic Surveillance and Prevention.

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• Hemispheric Conference for
• FMD Erradication.
• Convocation
• Ministers of Agriculture of the America and PAHO.
  
• Purpose
• To reaffirm political commitment of eradication
  of the FMD in the American Continent.

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• Hemispheric Conference for
• FMD Eradication.
• Results
• Declaration of Houston
• Renovation of the Political Commitment
• Creation of the FMD Inter-american Eradication
  Group
• Intervention in strategic areas.

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• Hemispheric conference of FMD Eradication.
  Houston. 3 and 4 March of 2004
• Declaration of Houston.
• Meeting of the Executive Group. Montevideo15 and
  16 March of 2004.
• I Meeting of GIEFASanta Cruz of the Sierra April
  -03 2004.
• II Meeting of GIEFABogotá21 and 23 of July of
  2004.

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• GIEFA Inter-American Group for FMD Eradication
• The Inter-American Group for the FMD Eradication
  GIEFA was created by the Declaration of the
  Houston, Texas - 3 and 4 of April of 2004 as a
  regional and inter institutional work group with
  the participation of the public and private
  sector.

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• GIEFA Inter-American Group for FMD Eradication
• GIEFA is responsible for the preparation,
  supervision and execution of the regional project
  for the final phase of the eradication of FMD in
  the America, as part of the PHEFA (Hemispheric
  Plan of FMD Eradication) and in support of the
  national programs of FMD prevention and
  eradication.
• Furthermore it is responsible for the supervision
  and installation of the projects and to inform
  the COHEFA, (Hemispheric Committee for FMD
  Eradication).

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• THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

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www.panaftosa.org.br
Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease
Center Veterinary Public Health PAHO/WHO