Elementary School Physical Education

1
Elementary School Physical Education

• Introduction

2
Elementary School Physical Education
Defined

• Physical education is that part ofgeneral
  education that contributes to the total
  growthand developmentof each child primarily
  throughmovementexperiences.

3
Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education

• Through the body
• Of the body
• About the body and its relationship to
  exercise

4
Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education

• Through the body ?cognitive, affective and
  psychomotor goals are achieved using movement as
  the media of learning

5
Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education

• Of the body ?learning to move skillfully and
  developing desirable levels of skill and health
  related fitness

6
Physical Education Is Movement Education
PE is Education

• About the body and its relationship to
  exercise ? learning principles of
  movement, how to exercise properly,
  how to get and stay fit

7
Elementary School Physical Education
Redefined

• Physical education is that part of general
  education that contributes to the total growth
  and developmentof each child primarily through
  movement experiences. It is education of the
  child through the body, of the body, and about
  the body and its relationship to exercise.

8
Objectives of Physical Education

• Unique
• Motor skills and movement competence
• Understanding human movement principles
• Lifetime Activity skills
• Shared
• Personal health wellness skills
• Positive social skills

9
Domains of Learning in PE

• Cognitive Domain knowledge
• Affective Domain - values, attitudes
• Psychomotor Domain - motor skills, movement
  competence, activity and sports skills (Skill-
  Related Fitness)
• Health-Related Fitness Domain - cardiovascular
  fitness, flexibility, body composition, muscular
  strength and endurance

10
WHAT PHYS. ED., ...AiNt!!
Poem by Ambrose Brazelton

• R E C E S S
• R E C R E A T I O N
• P H Y S I C A L F I T N E S S
• A T H L E T I C S

11
What Phys. Ed. Is!
Poem by Ambrose Brazelton

• An integral part of the learning process
• Focused on personalized growth and success
• Striving to enhance through instructional giving
• Productive, efficient, harmonious living!!!

12
Elementary School Physical Education

• In North Carolina

13
Physical Education
Taught By

• Specialists
• scheduled visits once a week / every two weeks
• Classroom Teachers
• responsible for daily physical education

14
North Carolina Elementary Physical Education
Recommendations
Physical Education is

• In the Basic Education Plan (BEP)
• In the Healthful Living Standard Course of Study
• Required to the same extent as other subjects
• NC does not mandate any specific time for any SCS
  subject in grades K-8
• it is a local decision.

15
North Carolina Elementary Physical Education
Recommendations

• 150 minutes per week 30 minutes/day
• Maximum daily - minimum 3 days/week
• May be taught by specialist or classroom teacher
• NC recommends specialists teach minimum of once a
  week
• Routinely count recess and free play as PE
• Some schools have eliminated PE from the
  curriculum DESPITE state requirements

16
North Carolina Physical Education Problems

• Routinely count recess and free play as PE
• Some schools have eliminated PE from the
  curriculum DESPITE state requirements
• Some schools allow substitutions for PE (i.e.,
  Marching Band, ROTC)

17
North CarolinaState Board of EducationHealthy
Active Children Policy
http//sbepolicy.dpi.state.nc.us/policies/HSP-S-00
0.asp?pri01catSpol000acrHSP
18
Healthy Active Children Policy
LEA Implementation

• School Health Advisory Council
• to help plan, implement, and monitor this policy
  
• composed of community and school representatives
  from the eight areas of a coordinated school
  health program representatives and from the local
  health department and school administration

19
Coordinated School Health Programs

• safe environment
• physical education
• health education
• staff wellness
• health services
• mental and social health
• nutrition services
• parental/family involvement

20
Healthy Active Children Policy
Coordinated School Health Programs

• Department of Public Instruction
• shall notify each school district of the
  availability of professional development
  opportunities and provide technical assistance in
  implementing coordinated school health programs
  at the local level

21
Healthy Active Children Policy

• To address issues such as overweight, obesity,
  cardiovascular disease, and Type II diabetes
• Requires students enrolled in PK-8to participate
  in physical activityas part of the physical
  education curriculum

22
Healthy Active Children Policy

• Elementary schools should consider the benefits
  of having 150 minutes per week and middle schools
  should consider having 225 minutes per week of
  physical activity including a minimum of every
  other day of physical education throughout the
  school year.

23
Healthy Active Children Policy
Physical Education Course

• Shall be the environment in which students
  learn, practice and are assessed on
  developmentally appropriate motor skills,
  social skills, and knowledge as defined in the
  North Carolina Healthful Living Standard Course
  of Study

24
Healthy Active Children Policy

• PE classes should be the same size as other
  classes

25
Healthy Active Children Policy
Recess

• Structured recess and other physical activity
  shall not be taken away as a form of punishment

26
Healthy Active Children Policy
Physical Activity

• Must involve physical exertion of at least a
  moderate intensity level and for a duration
  sufficient to provide a significant health
  benefit to students

27
Healthy Active Children Policy
Recess and Physical Activity

• Appropriate amounts of recess and physical
  activity shall be provided for students

28
Healthy Active Children Policy
LEA Implementation

• Develop an action plan
• Identify steps to fully implement the policy by
  the 2006-2007 school year
• Including a review and appropriate modifications
  of existing physical education and health
  curricula

29
Healthy Active Children Policy
LEA Implementation

• Action plans submitted to the DPI by July 15,
  2004
• Progress reports submitted to the DPI by July
  15, 2005 and 2006
• Beginning July 15, 2007 an annual report
• Include the minutes of physical education and
  physical activity received by students in each
  school

30
Elementary School Physical Education

• Historical Influences

31
Evolution of Elementary PE
Historical Factors

• Several events shaped the development of todays
  PE programs
• Public needs and concerns shape the direction of
  American Education

32
Evolution of Elementary PE
German and Swiss Influence

• Middle of 1800s
• Brought their programs to US with them
• Gymnastics, games and calisthenics
• First scheduled PE programs established

33
Evolution of Elementary PE
World War I

• One-third of recruits were unfit to serve
• Training of soldiers focused on games and sports
• More effective than calisthenics
• Emphasis on PE spread to schools
• Games and sports programs

34
Evolution of Elementary PE
John Dewey and Cardinal Aims of Education

• Two of aims focused on PE
• Health
• Worthy use of leisure time
• Schools mold social change
• Learning is doing

35
Evolution of Elementary PE
The Depression Era

• Focus on sports and games
• Little attention to quality
• Elementary PE modeled after secondary PE
  programs
• When times got tough
• Equipment hard to get
• PE seemed unimportant or eliminated

36
Evolution of Elementary PE
World War II

• Research showed efficacy of physical activity on
  health
• Little effect on school PE programs

37
Evolution of Elementary PE
Kraus-Webber Test (1954)

• Compared US children to European children on
  strength and flexibility
• The Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and
  Sports was one result
• Todays Physical Fitness Tests
• The Presidents Challenge
• FitnessGram/Physical Best

38
Evolution of Elementary PE
Movement Education

• Originated in England
• An exploratory, problem solving approach to PE
• Tendency to apply it to all phases of PE
• It is a viable method, but not the only approach

39
Evolution of Elementary PE
Perceptual Motor Programs

• Grew out of concern for slow learners
• Developmental delays responsible for poor
  academic performance
• Training senses through movement
• Posture, balance, imaging, body part
  recognition, time space

40
Evolution of Elementary PE
Perceptual Motor Programs

• Perceptual motor programs were ineffective in
  improving academic performance
• Legacy is integration of perceptual-motor
  principles in learning motor skills
• Both sides of body, balance skills

41
Evolution of Elementary PE
Conceptual Learning

• In the process of movement children learn
  concepts
• Light/Heavy Fast/Slow High/Low
• NASPEs Basic Stuff series
• Compilation of knowledge in PE sub-disciplines
• Integration into the PE curriculum

42
Evolution of Elementary PE
Values and Attitude Development

• Receiving more attention in the schools
• Moral education, Substance abuse, AIDS awareness
• Controversy surrounds such issues

43
Evolution of Elementary PE
Title IXEducational Amendments Act of 1972

• Equal educational opportunity to both sexes
• Huge impact on PE in secondary schools
• Co-ed PE classes mandated
• Lesser impact on elementary PE
• Lessened gender stereotyping

44
Evolution of Elementary PE
Equal Rights for Disabled

• PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children
  Act of 1973
• IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
  of 1990
• Free, public, appropriate education
• Least restrictive environment
• Individual Education Program
• There are problems/challenges involved

45
Evolution of Elementary PE
Health and Wellness

• Todays PE teachers teach more than just fitness,
  games and skills
• Wellness is a total state of well-being
• Teach concepts related to
• Fitness for life, movement mechanics, etc

46
Evolution of Elementary PE
Back to Basics Schools

• A Nation at Risk (1983)
• Did not mention PE
• Return to the 3 Rs
• Drop PE and the arts from the curriculum
• Started the accountability trend
• Emphasis on testing

47
Evolution ofElementary PE
Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence

• The fitness emphasis in schools started by
  Kraus-Weber declined in 1970s and early 1980s
• While school programs declined we learned more
  about benefits of physical activity
• Fitness Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s left
  lots of people out

48
Evolution ofElementary PE
Health-RelatedFitness Resurgence

• Schools and school children were left out of the
  fitness boom

49
Who Benefited Most?
Is there a socioeconomic link?

• Whites more than Asians, Hispanics, blacks
• College grads more than high school grads
• Men more than women
• Rich more than poor
• Young and middle age adults more than elderly,
  children, youths, and teens

50
A Series of National Reports

• Reveals Alarming Trends

51
Physical Activity Becomes a National Health
Priority

• Or Does It?

52
Healthy People 2000

• In 1990, the Department of Health and Human
  Services released Healthy People 2000 National
  Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
  Objectives, a strategy for improving the health
  of Americans by the end of the century.
• www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/hp2000/hp2000.htm

53
Surgeon Generals Report

• Physical Activity and Health A Report of the
  Surgeon General
• 1996
• www.fitness.gov/execsum.htm
• www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/sgr.htm

54
Healthy People 2010

• In January 2000, the Department of Health and
  Human Services launched Healthy People 2010, a
  comprehensive, nationwide health promotion and
  disease prevention agenda.
• www.healthypeople.gov/
• www.healthypeople.gov/document/HTML/Volume2/22Phys
  ical.htm

55
A Report to the President

• Promoting Better Health for Young People Through
  Physical Activity and Sports A Report to the
  President from the Secretary of Health and Human
  Services and the Secretary of Education
• November 2000
• www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/physicalactivity/promotin
  g_health/introduction.htm

56
Surgeon Generals Call To Action

• The Surgeon General's Call To Action To Prevent
  and Decrease Overweight and Obesity
• January, 2001
• www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/default.htm

57
Whats Happening Now?
Where are we going?
58
Whats Happening Now?
Good Things... and Bad Things
59
Leadership is Needed

• Who Will Lead us?

60
Organizations Affecting HPE

• AAHPERD
• American Alliance for Health, Physical Education,
  Recreation and Dance
• Alliance of 6 national associations
• 6 districts, state alliances
• Southern District AHPERD

61
Organizations Affecting HPE

• NCAAHPERD
• North Carolina Alliance for Athletics, Health,
  Physical Education, Recreation and Dance

62
Organizations Affecting HPE

• NASPE
• National Association for Sport and Physical
  Education
• an AAHPERD association

63
Organizations Affecting HPE

• COPEC
• Council on Physical Education for Children
• a NASPE council

64
Organizations Affecting HPE

• AAHE
• American Association for Health Education
• an AAHPERD association

65
Organizations Affecting HPE

• American Heart Association
• Jump Rope for Heart, Hoops for Heart
• PE4Life
• www.pe4life.com

66
Organizations Affecting HPE

• American Academy of Pediatrics
• Strong supporters of physical education for
  children
• Published a number of policy statements
  supporting quality physical education programs in
  schools
• Health-Related Fitness programs over traditional
  team sports programs

67
Elementary School Physical Education

• Introduction

The End
68
Elementary School Physical Education

• Introduction

To be Continued...