Remote Sensing 2

1

• Remote Sensing 2
• Course Code Geog424
• Dr. M. M. Yagoub 
• E-mail myagoub_at_uaeu.ac.ae
• E-mail myagoub_at_hotmail.com
• URL http//faculty.uaeu.ac.ae/myagoub
• URL http//www.angelfire.com/mo/yagoub

2
Overview

• Course description
• Course outcomes
• Topics
• Assessment
• Software used for the course
• Textbook and References
• Examples remote sensing web sites
• Remote Sensing Organizations
• Remote sensing basic processes
• Advantages of remote sensing
• Remote sensing applications

3
Course description

•  This course covers various advanced techniques
  of image processing and analysis of remotely
  sensed digital data. Topics include radiometric
  correction, geometric correction, atmospheric and
  ground effects, image enhancement, spectral
  analysis, color processing, image filtering,
  image classification, post-classification, change
  detection, and practical exercises based on
  satellite datasets.

4
Course outcomes

• Participants who successfully complete this
  course will be able to perform the followings
• -  Understand and apply image processing
  techniques for information extraction.
• -   Implement and analyze image enhancement
  techniques.
• -  Implement, evaluate, and analyze image
  classification methods.
• -  Understand current representations and methods
  in image processing.

5
Topics

• Topics covered in the course include the
  followings
• Introduction to digital image processing and
  visual interpretation
• Remote sensing data acquisition alternatives
• Image processing system considerations
• Image processing statistics and visualization
• Radiometric and geometric correction
• Image Enhancement
• Digital Image classification (Supervised,
  Unsupervised, Fuzzy)
• Digital change detection
• New trend in remote sensing (Digital cameras,
  Hyper-spectral scanners, high resolution
  satellite imagery-IKONOS)

6
Assessment

• Final Exam 40
• Mid Term Exam 25
• Quiz 10
• Course work 20
• Computer presentation 5
• Total 100

7
Software used for the course

• Software used for the course ERDAS Imagine and
  ArcGIS.
•  ERDAS ERDAS is a raster image processing
  software that can be used to display, enhance,
  geo-reference, classify, and produce a layout map
  of an images. ERDAS will be used as the main
  software for this course.
•  ArcGIS ArcGIS is a vector GIS software that can
  be used to geo-reference satellite image and
  produce a map from the image through on screen
  digitization.

8
Textbook and References

• Textbook
•  Jensen, J. R., 1996. Introductory Digital Image
  Processing A Remote Sensing Perspective, 2nd
  ed. New Jersey Prentice Hall.
• References
• Avery T. E. and Berlin G. L., 2004. Fundamentals
  of Remote Sensing and Air photo Interpretation.
  Prentice Hall New Jersey.
• Campbell, J. B., 1996. Introduction to Remote
  Sensing. 2nd ed., Taylor and Francis London.
• Castleman, K. R. 1996. Digital Image Processing.
  Prentice-Hall London.
• Lillesand, T. M. and R. W. Kiefer, 2000. Remote
  Sensing and Image Interpretation. 4thed., John
  Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.

9
Remote sensing web sites

• http// www.esrin.esa.it - Eurpopean Space
  Agency
• http//geo.arc.nasa.gov - NASA program
• http//www.spot.com - French satellite SPOT
• http//www.nasda.go.jp/ - Japan space agency
• http//www.rka.ru./ - Russian Space
  Agency (RSA)
• http//www.coresw.com - Russian imagery source
• http//www.space.gc.ca/ - Canadian Space Agency
  (CSA)
• http//www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/ -Canada Center
  for Remote Sensing
• http//www.inpe.br/ - National Institute for
  Space Research (Brazil)
• http//www.asprs.org - American
  Society of Photo. And RS.
• http//www.man.ac.uk - Manshester
  Univ.
• http//www.idrisi.clarku.edu - Idrisi site
• http//www.amazon.com - Bookstore
• http//www.brevard.cc.fl.us/BTR_Labs/bober/martin/
  rs/overview.htm
• 
  Dr. Martin McClinton, (.ppt) format (V. Good)

10
Remote Sensing Organizations

• ISPRS- International Society for Photogrammetry
  and Remote Sensing
• IGARSS- International Geosciences And Remote
  Sensing Symposium
• NASA -National Aeronautic and Space
  Administration (USA)
• ESA- European Space Agency (Europe)
• NASDA- National Space Development Agency (Japan)
• CNES- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (France
  )
• DARA- German Space Agency
• CSA - Canadian Space Agency
• NRSA- National Remote Sensing Agency of India

11
Remote sensing basic processes

• Statement of the problem (appropriate logic
  inductive, deductive, technological, formulate
  hypothesis).
• Data collection (In situ, field, lab, passive and
  active remote sensing, energy propagation,
  platforms, conversion of energy pattern to
  images).
• Data Analysis (Visual image interpretation,
  digital image processing, hypothesis testing
  accept or reject, quantitative and qualitative
  analysis).
• Information presentation (images, image maps,
  thematic, spatial database, graphs,
  accuracy/error assessment, (radiometric and
  geometric correction).
• Information distribution to users (hard copy,
  CCT, CD-ROM, X-BYTE, Flash Disk, Internet).

12
Electromagnetic spectrum

• Ultraviolet (UV) angstrom(Å) 10-10 m
• Visible to human eye (0.4-0.7 ?) RGB
• Infrared (0.7-1000 ?) - emitted thermal radiation
  (temperature of objects)
• Microwave (0.1 mm - 100 cm)- Active system
  (RADAR-back scattering, SLAR)

13
(No Transcript)
14
Image recording

• Radiation reflected or emitted from earth surface
  is converted to signal (Digital Numbers- DN)
• The reflectance from a feature depends on the
  atmospheric conditions, seasons, time of a day,
  and physical and chemical characteristics of the
  feature
• Specular reflectance from smooth surfaces e.g.
  water, paved roads is lower than that from rough
  surfaces e.g. forest. In specular reflectance
  most energy scatter away from the sensor,
  therefore, objects like water and roads appeared
  as black in the image

15
Distribution
Receiving station processing
Archiving
16
Remote sensing basic processes
17
Selection of a remote sensing system

• Selection of a remote sensing system is a
  compromise between
• primary sources of EM energy
• atmospheric windows
• spectral characteristics of surface being sensed
• spectral sensitivity of sensors available

18
(No Transcript)
19
Advantages of remote sensing

• Provides a regional view (large areas)
• Provides repetitive looks at the same area
• Remote sensors "see" over a broader portion of
  the spectrum than the human eye
• Sensors can focus in on a very specific bandwidth
  in an image or a number of bandwidths
  simultaneously
• Provides geo-referenced, digital, data
• Some remote sensors operate in all seasons, at
  night, and in bad weather

20
Remote sensing applications

• Land-use mapping
• Forest and agriculture applications
• Telecommunication planning
• Environmental applications
• Hydrology and coastal mapping
• Urban planning
• Emergencies and Hazards
• Global change and Meteorology

21
World vegetation 1999
22
World vegetation 2000-2001
Source http//www.spotimaging.fr