A Head Injury Leads to a Change in Character.

1
A Head Injury Leads to a Change in Character.

• A Man Who Borrowed Cars

2
The Brain
3
Subarachnoid
4
Subarachnoid hemorrphage

• aneurysm

• CT-Scan

• Angiogram

5
What had the man done ?

• Took the car with the keys in ignition
• A short ride
• Abandoned car

6
Why?

• Borrowing cars gave him a kind of pleasurable
• But he knew that this is illegal
• ?contradiction

7
Drug

• Clomipramine
• Valpromide
• Paroxetine
• Bromazepam
• All had not clear-cut benefit

8
Test for Prefrontal Function

• Wisconsin card-sorting Test
• Method
• 128 respone cards, and 4 stimulus cards
• Stimulus card
• a red triangle
• two green stars
• three yellow crosses
• four blue circles

9

• response cards different combination of those
  parameters
• match each one to one of the stimulus cards
• judge by number, color, and shape
• The participant is not told how to match the
  cards
• who is told whether a particular match is
  right or wrong

10

• With each change of sorting rules
• 1. how long it takes the subject to figure
  out the rules have
• changed
• 2. how long it takes him to learn the new
  rules
• 3. what mistakes he makes while learning
  them
• Clinic use
• 1. With severe frontal and prefrontal
  cortex damage
• stuck in one sorting modality
• 2. cognitive dysfunction

11
Stroop Test

• Method
• showing the names of colors
• the actual words are printed in a different color
  from the color name they represent
• respond with the color you see
• Clinic use
• a psychological test of our attentional and
  flexibility.
• left brain (word) V.S. right brain (colour)

12
(No Transcript)
13

• Clinic use
• attentional fatigue..
• directed attention have to manage the attention,
  inhibit or stop one response in order to say or
  do something else. 

14
The Trail making test

• Method
• two parts - A and B
• Part A encircled numbers from 1 to 25 randomly
  spread across a sheet of paper.
• Trail Making Test, Part A
• Timed test, connecting numbers from 1 to 25, in
  order

15

• Trail Making Test, Part B (often done without
  Part A)
• Timed test
• Connect numbers and letters in alternating
  pattern
• Ordered as follows 1-A-2-B-3-C...
• Uses
• the side of damage in patients with unilateral
  impairment
• cognitive flexibility impairment

16
Part A
17
Part B
18
Semantic and phonemic word generation

• Method
• Asked to generate letter beginning with the
  letter a . Ex. about,act
• Asked to organize a group letters
• Ex. Given cat ,dog ,hat
• semantic cat, dog
• phonemic cat ,hat
• Neutral dog, hat

19

• Clinic use
• used to assess executive function, especially of
  the frontal cortex
• frontal lesions (especially left) perform poorly
• Alzheimer's disease tend to be unable to make
  use of category information (and might recall
  Apples, Bananas, Oranges, Chicken)
• Parkinson's disease tend to make repetition
  errors (for example Apples, Bananas, Oranges,
  Bananas).

20
WAIS-R

• Uses
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale or WAIS is a
  general test of intelligence (IQ )
• Three IQ scores are obtained from the WAIS(R)
  1. Verbal IQ2. Performance IQ3. Full Scale IQ

21

• Method
• Verbal Subtests
• Information 
• Degree of general information acquired from
  culture (e.g. Who is the president of Russia?)
• Comprehension
• Ability to deal with abstract social conventions,
  rules and expressions(e.g. What does "Kill 2
  birds with 1 stone" metaphorically mean?)
• Arithmetic
• Concentration while manipulating mental
  mathematical problems (e.g. How many 45c. stamps
  can you buy for a dollar?)

22

• Similarities
• Abstract verbal reasoning (e.g. In what way are
  an apple and a pear alike?)
• Vocabulary
• The degree to which one has learned, been able to
  comprehend and verbally express vocabulary (e.g.
  What is a guitar?)
• Digit span
• attention/concentration (e.g. Digits forward
  123, Digits backward 321.)
• Letter-Number Sequencing
• attention and working memory (e.g. Given Q1B3J2,
  place the numbers in numerical order and then the
  letters in alphabetical

23

• Performance Subtests
• Picture Completion
• Ability to quickly perceive visual details
• Digit Symbol - Coding
• visual-motor coordination, motor and mental speed
  
• Block Design
• Spatial perception, visual abstract processing
  problem solving
• Matrix Reasoning
• Nonverbal abstract problem solving, inductive
  reasoning, spatial reasoning

24

• Picture Arrangement
• Logical/sequential reasoning, social insight
• Symbol Search
• Visual perception, speed
• Object Assembly
• Visual analysis, synthesis, and construction

25
Discussion

• Which clinical examination is the most efficient?
• Did the man should be arrested and went to prison
  because of his misdemeanors?
• If the man is your relative or friend, how will
  you help him?

26
2. A Different Way of Thinking
27
Preview Questions

• Have you ever heard about someone who have
  learning difficulties at school but show special
  talent in other field ?

28
Right Brain and Left Brain Characteristics
Left hemisphere
Right hemisphere
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
Tests Right or Left Dominented?
32
Tests Right or Left Dominented?

• Hit-the-Dot
• http//www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/java/rldot.h
  tml

33
The Brain
34
Discussion

• Have you ever known someone that processing
  information in non-linear way? What do you think
  of him/her?
• Do those train your right brain trick works?
  What is your opinion?
• If you can choose, would you like to be a
  right-hemisphere-person?

35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)