Title: Finding faults with LIDAR in the Puget Lowland
1Finding faults with LIDAR in the Puget Lowland
- Ralph Haugerud, Craig Weaver
- U. S. Geological Survey
- Jerry Harless
- Puget Sound Regional Council
- and thanks to TerraPoint LLC, Houston TX
2- Why LIDAR?
- What is LIDAR?
- How are we doing LIDAR?
- What are we finding?
3In some places, it is easy to see where the
active faults are.
30 km
4In other places, it is not.
Seattle
Tacoma
30 km
5What are the salient differences?
6age ? slip rate feature size
- 18,000 yr ? 1 mm/yr 18 m
- 106 yr ? 1 mm/yr 1 km
- In the Puget Lowland, to see a fault with the
same slip rate as in the SF Bay area, we have to
look more closely.
7LIght Detection And Ranging
- Airborne scanning laser rangefinder
- Differential GPS
- Inertial Navigation System
- 30,000 points per second at 15 cm accuracy
-
- 4001000/mi2, 106 points/mi2, or
0.040.1 cents/point - Extensive filtering to remove tree canopy
(virtual defor-estation)
8(No Transcript)
910-meter DEM from contours
1012-ft DEM from LIDAR
11Picture Oblique view of S end Rockaway Beach
12High-resolution LIDAR topography
13- Fly in winter, when leaves are off
- Near-infrared laser doesnt penetrate clouds,
rain - Errors
- Largest are in anglesup to 1 m x-y error
- Ranging error 15 cm z error!
- 2/3 of surveyed points on trees and buildings
remove with automatic geometric filtering - Multiple reflections from one laser pulse
better filtering
14- Optimum working distance circa 1 km
- Adequate reflection brightness
- Keep laser eye-safe
- Spot diameter decimeters to meters
- Spot spacing 1 to 5 meters
- Multiple passes
- multiple look angles
- higher point density
- internal consistency check
- 400 - 1,000 / mi2
15Why is LIDAR better than photogrammetry?(Its
the trees)
Suppose timber allows 1 of 3 arbitrary rays to
reach ground 1/3 of ground can be surveyed by
LIDAR
Photogrammetry requires 2 separate views of a
point only 1/9 of ground will be locatable
16Bainbridge Island,KPUD1996-1997
Seattle
Snoqualmie, USGS-NMD 1998-2001?
Tacoma
17Puget Sound LIDAR Consortium
18Puget Sound LIDAR Consortium
- No formal structure
- One agenda
- One contract
- Separate payments
- Share data
- Release all data to public domain
(www.GetItYourselfBob, to be hosted by UW
library)
19PSLC
Tacoma
203M
LIDAR already flown
Seattle
to be flown this Winter
Tacoma
3.3M
2115 km west of Seattle
Toe Jam Hill fault scarp
Waterman Point scarp
beach uplifted during 900 AD earthquake
22southern Bainbridge Island
23Uses for high-resolution topography
- Finding faults (earthquake frequency, kinematics)
- Geologic mapping
- Landslide hazards
- Flood hazards, groundwater infiltration, runoff
modelling - Fish habitat
- Precision forestry
- Noise propagation