Characteristics and Naming of Muscles

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Characteristics and Naming of Muscles

• Medical Terminology

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Kinesiology

• The study of muscular activity and the resulting
  activity and the resulting movement of body
  parts.
• Kinesi/o movement
• -ology study of

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Antagonist Muscles

• Muscles are arranged in pairs
• Antagonist means to work in opposition
• In antagonist pairs of muscles, you have two
  muscles that perform opposite movements

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Contraction and Relaxation

• Muscle made up of cells that can change shape
• Contraction is tightening of muscle
• Relaxation occurs when muscle returns to normal
  form
• Muscle tone (tonus) is the normal state of muscle
  tension required to hold body erect

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Muscle Innervation

• Stimulation of muscle by an impulse transmitted
  by a motor nerve
• Stimulation causes muscle to contract
• Neuromuscular pertaining to the relationship
  between nerve and muscle
• Muscle in paralyzed of this nerve impulse is
  interrupted

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Range of Motion

• Change in joint position produced by muscle
  movements
• Occur as pairs of opposites

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Motions

• Abduction/Adduction
• Flexion/Extension
• Elevation/Depression
• Rotation/Circumduction
• Supination/Pronation
• Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

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How Muscles are Named

• Some are named by joining the places of origin
  and insertion
• Origin the more fixed attachment or closest to
  midline of the body
• Insertion the least fixed attachment or
  farthest from the midline of the body
• Ex. Sternocleidomastoid

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Muscles Naming

• Some muscles are named for their actions
• Ex. Flexor carpi and extensor carpi muscles
• Ex. Adductor longus

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Muscle Naming

• Some muscles are named for their location
• Pectoralis major and minor
• Vastus lateralis and medialis
• External and internal obliques

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Muscle Naming

• Some muscles are named for fiber direction
• Rectus means straight (rectus femoris)
• Oblique means angled (external oblique)
• Transverse means crosswise (transverse abdominis)
• Sphincter means ringlike (pyloric sphincter)

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Muscle Naming

• Some muscles are named for the number of
  divisions
• Biceps brachii
• Triceps brachii
• Quadriceps femoris

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Muscles Naming

• Some muscles are named for their size
• Gluteus maximus
• Some muscles are named for their shape
• Deltoid