Appendicular Skeleton

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Appendicular Skeleton

• Pelvic Girdle
• And Lower Extremity

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Hip Thigh (A to P)
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
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A. Muscles that move the hip joint

• Anterior muscles cause flexion of the hip joint
• (psoas major and iliacus)
• 2 Posterior muscles cause extension of the
  hip joint
• (gluteus maximus)
• 3. Lateral muscle causes abduction of the hip
  joint
• tensor fasciae latae
• Medial muscles cause adduction of the hip joint
• gracilis and adductor group

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1. Anterior Hip Muscles

• Psoas major
• Iliacus
• Both cause flexion
• of hip joint

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2. Posterior Hip Muscle

• Gluteus maximus
• Powerful extender of
• the hip muscle
• Able to lift the entire
• weight of the body in
• climbing stairs
• Which 2 muscles
• are antagonistic to this
• muscle?

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3. Lateral Hip Muscle

• Tensor Fasciae latae
• Abducts the hip joint
• It also attaches to the
• Iliotibial tract (IT tract)
• which extends from the
• iliac crest to the lateral
• epicondyle of the tibia
• Contractions of the IT tract
• allow the knees to be locked
• into place.

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4. Medial Hip Muscles

• Gracilis attached to
• pubis and medial tibia
• just inferior to condyle
• Adducts the thigh

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B. Muscles that move the knee joint

• Anterior muscles of thigh cause extension of the
  knee joint
• Sartorious and quadriceps
• Posterior muscles of thigh cause flexion of knee
  joint
• Biceps femoris, smitendinosis, semimembranosos
• 3. Lateral muscle of thigh cause abduction of
  knee
• Tensor faciae latae

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Anterior Thigh

• Sartoriuos
• Strap muscle, longest in the body
• Runs from ASIS to medial condyle of tibia
• It begins the legs crossing-over movement

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Anterior Thigh

• Quadriceps (4 muscles)
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus intermedius
• Vastus medialis
• Rectus femoris
• All cause extension of knee joint
• All have common insertion onto tibial tuberosity

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1. Vastus lateralis

• Lateral of the 4 quads

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2. Rectus femoris

• Middle of the 3 superficial
• quads

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3. Vastus medialis

• Medial of the 3
• superficial quads

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4 Vastus intermedius

• Deep to rectus femoris
• Cannot be seen
• superficially

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Lateral Thigh

• Tensor fasciae lata
• Abducts thigh
• Abducts hip joint

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Posterior Thigh

• 3 muscles
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendinosis
• Semimembranosus
• All are attached to the
• ischial tuberosity
• All cause flexion of
• the knee joint
• One goes laterally
• Two go medially

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1. Biceps Femoris

• Goes laterally around
• knee
• Attaches to head
• of fibula

Medial Lateral
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2. Semitendinous

• Goes medial around
• knee
• Attaches to medial
• condyle of tibia
• More superficial
• than semimembranosus

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3. Semimembranosus

• Goes medial around
• knee
• Attaches to medial
• Condyle of tibia
• Deeper to semitendinosus

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Medial Thigh

• Gracilis
• Adductor group
• All cause adduction
• of hip and thigh

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Anterior Leg

• 2 muscles
• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor digitorum
• both cause dorsiflexion

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1. Tibialis Anterior

• Attached to
• lateral condyle of
• tibia and metatarsal 1

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2. Extensor Digitorum

• Attached to
• lateral condyle of tibia
• metatarsals 2-5

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Posterior Leg

• 2 muscles
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
• Both cause plantar
• flexion
• Both share a common
• distal tendon called the
• calcaneal tendon that
• attaches to the calcaneus

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1. Gastrocnemius

• Superficial
• Has 2 heads (L M)
• L M attach to the L M
• condyles of the femur

M
L
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2. Soleus

• Deep to gastrocnemius
• Attaches to head of
• fibula
• Not a very extensive
• look in your book

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Lateral Leg

• Fibularis longus
• Attaches to head of fibula
• Attaches to metatarsal 1
• Tendon has to go behind
• lateral malleolus, span the
• entire width of the foot before
• attaching to metatarsal 1
• This is the basis of a
• sprained ankle.

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Fibularis Longus