REVISION

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REVISION
LETS MAKE SURE YOU ALL UNDERSTAND WHAT WE HAVE
DONE SO FAR
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STARTER
Write down the questions
In pairs, answer the exam questions
Which bones articulate at the ankle, knee and hip
joint? (3 marks) Identify the bones that
articulate at the elbow joint? (3 marks)
Underline key words
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MUSCLES
1. Cardiac Muscle

• Smooth (Involuntary) Muscle
• e.g arteries, veins, stomach

3. Skeletal Voluntary muscles
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Muscle names
You have to use your textbook and learn the
names of the major muscles
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Pectoralis major
Deltoids
Biceps
Pronator teres
Wrist flexor
Wrist extensors
Rectus abdominis (middle)
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Iliopsoas
Adductor longus
Quadriceps Rectus femoris Vatus lateralis Vastus
medialis
Tibialis anterior
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Trapezius
Triceps
Latissimus Dorsi
Erector spinae Group (middle of back covering
spine)
Gluteals medius
Gluteals maximus
Hamstrings Biceps femoris Semitendinosus semimembr
anosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
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ORIGIN
The tendon of the muscle joins the stationary
bone
INSERTION
The tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone
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AGONIST
The muscle contracting and creating the movement
ANTAGONIST
The muscle relaxing and letting the movement
take place
FIXTOR
These muscles stabilise the origin so that the
agonist can work more efficiently.
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Example
Movement FLEXION OF THE ELBOW
DELTOID
BICEPS
TRICEPS
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MUSCLES
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FLEXION
EXTENSION
AGONIST Wrist Flexors
AGONIST Wrist Extensors
ANTAGONIST Extensors
AGONIST Wrist Flexors
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TASK

• For the joint you are given you must work in
  pairs and find out
• the following information
• Movements that occur at that joint
• Muscles
• Joint type
• Agonist and Antagonist for each movement
• Strengthening exercise
• Produce a spider diagram so you can use it as a
  revision tool
• Each pair will then feedback the information on
• their joint.

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Radio-Ulnar joint- Candice Adam Elbow- Jade
Kieran Shoulder- Sophie Monaghan Craig Hip-
Joe Sinead Knee Jack Sophie Greaves Ankle-
Luke Spine Tim Jack
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TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
ISOTONIC- the muscle is moving while contracting,
it can be divided into concentric and eccentric
contractions
CONCENTRIC- contractions involve the muscle
shortening while contracting E.G drive upwards
in a jump The agonist shortens (contracts) The
antagonist lengthens as it relaxes agonist
quadriceps group, antagonist hamstrings group
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ECCENTRIC- contraction involves muscle
lengthening whilst contracting e.g. bicep brachii
in elbow extension E.G Downward part of a jump
The agonist lengthens as it is activated The
antagonist shortens and is relaxed Agonist
quadriceps group, antagonist hamstrings group
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ISOMETRIC
Contractions occur when there is tension on the
muscle but NO movement E.G static contractions
occur when holding your weight in a stationary
position HANDSTAND
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MUSCLE SHORTENING
MUSCLE LENGTHENING
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ISOKINETIC
The agonist contracts at the same speed, which is
fixed by a machine E.G. running on a
treadmill ISOKINETIC MEANS SAME SPEED
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Elbow Hinge Flexion, extension Biceps
brachii Triceps brachii Extension triceps
(agonist), biceps (anatgonist) Flexion biceps
(agonist), triceps (anatgonist) Biceps curls,
triceps extensions Shoulder Ball and socket
joint Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
lateral rotation, medial rotation Deltoid,
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres minor,
subscapularis, trapezius and Infraspinatus Flexio
n
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Spine Cartilaginous joint- between individual
vertebrae Gliding- between vertebral
arches Pivot- Flexion, extension, lateral
flexion, rotation External oblique, internal
oblique, Rectus abdominus, erector
spinae Flexion rectus abdominis (agonist),
erector spinae (antagonist) Lateral flexion
right, erector spinae, rectus adominis (agoinst)
Left, erector spinae,
adominis (agonist) right side antagonist Hip Ball
and socket joint Flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction, rotation Illiopsoas, gluteus maximus,
adductor longus Flexion (agonist) iliopsoas,
(antagonist) gluteus maximus Extension (agonist)
gluteus maximus (antagonist) iliopsoas
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Knee Hinge joint Flexion, extension Quadriceps-
rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus
lateralis, vastus intermedialis Hamstring- biceps
femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus Flexion
hamstring (agonist), quadriceps
(antagonist) Extension (agonist) quadriceps,
(antagonist) hamstring Ankle Hinge Plantar
flexion, dorsiflexion Tibialis anterior,
gastrocnemius Plantar flexion (agonist)
gastrocnemius, (antagonist) tibilais
anterior Dorsiflexion (agonist) tibialis
anterior, (anatgonist) gastrocnemius