Overview of trafficrelated pedestrian and bicyclist injuries in Hawaii

1
Overview of traffic-related pedestrian and
bicyclist injuries in Hawaii

• Dan Galanis
• Injury Prevention and Control Program
• Hawaii Department of Health
• 1250 Punchbowl St., Room 214
• Honolulu, HI 96813
• Ph 586-5943
• E-mail daniel.galanis_at_doh.hawaii.gov

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Overview of presentation

• Fatal traffic crashes
• State/national comparisons (CDC data)
• Overall data (FARS)
• Trends, county comparisons
• Contributing factors speeding, alcohol use,
  helmets, time,
• Non-fatal traffic crashes
• County comparisons, trends, age, contributing
  factors
• MVAR/DOT crash data
• Descriptions of injuries
• Hospital and emergency department (ED) records

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Pedestrian fatality rates (/million residents),
by state, 2000-2004
All ages Pedestrian fatality rate for Hawaii
115.7 (5th nationally) Rate for rest of U.S.
84.7/million
Rate/ million
HI
Ages 65 years Pedestrian fatality rate for
Hawaii 396.7 (1st nationally) Rate for rest of
U.S. 142.6/million
46 HI fatalities are seniors
Rate/ million
HI
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Annual number of traffic-related pedestrian
fatalities in Hawaii, by county and age group,
2001-2006
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RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally
injured pedestrians

• Peak times
• 530 a.m. to 730 a.m. 28 deaths (19)
• Most (71) were senior-aged victims
• 630 p.m. to 930 p.m. 36 deaths (25)
• Most (61) were under 60 years of age
• Alcohol
• Involved in at least 23 of deaths (26 of those
  tested)
• 18 of pedestrians positive for alcohol (15
  gt0.11 BAC)
• Involved in 50 of nighttime (830pm to 330am)
  crashes
• 38 of pedestrians positive for alcohol (30
  gt0.13 BAC)
• Alcohol use more common among
• younger 32 for victims under age 65 vs. 5 for
  seniors
• male victims 27 vs. 7 for females
• Hawaii County victims 39

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Pedestrian fatalities in Hawaii, 2001-2005
Alcohol involvement, by time of crash and age of
victim.
Legend red alcohol-related (xped,
squaredriver) green no alcohol in crash
blue unknown
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RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally
injured pedestrians (cont.)

• Environment
• Two-thirds (64) hit on non-junction sections of
  road
• 35 in intersections
• Around one-fourth (27) in crosswalks, 19 at
  intersections
• 51 hit outside of crosswalk or intersection
• Senior-aged victims more likely to be hit in
  crosswalks (38) and intersections (52)
• Almost half (46) occurred on 25 mph road or
  lower
• Only 16 were 40 mph or faster
• Contributing factors
• 60 of pedestrians erroneously in roadway
• Most commonly improper crossing, jaywalking
  (36)
• 47 of drivers made errors
• Most commonly being inattentive (26), or
  failure to yield right of way (16), or
  speeding (11)

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Non-fatal pedestrian crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005
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The injury pyramid for pedestrian injuries in
Hawaii, 2001-2005
Deaths 1 (30/yr.)
Hospitalizations 6 1 death (190/yr.)
Emergency department visits 15 1
death (450/yr.)
Traffic crashes (police attended) 18 1
death (500/yr., including 180 possible
injuries)
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Annual number of non-fatal traffic-related
pedestrian crashes in Hawaii, by county,
2001-2005
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Time of day non-fatal traffic-related pedestrian
crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005
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Number and rate of non-fatal traffic-relatedpedes
trian crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005
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Length of stay for patients with non-fatal
pedestrian injuries in Honolulu County, by age
group, 2003-2005.
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Non-fatal traffic-related pedestrian crashes in
Hawaii, 2001-2005 Contributing factors,
pedestrian vs. drivers.
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Summary of pedestrian injury data.

• Who? Age 65 and older for fatalities,
  5-14 year-olds
  and seniors for non-fatal crashes.
  Gender fairly equal
  distribution.
• Where? Honolulu has slightly higher rates of
  fatal injuries among seniors and non-fatal
  injuries among all ages. Usually
  not in intersections, not in crosswalks
• When? Morning rush hour and 200-600 p.m.
• Why? FARS Contributing factors roughly equal
  between pedestrians (jaywalking), and drivers
  (failure to yield, inattentive). Alcohol also a
  factor, especially in night time crashes.
  

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Bicycle crashes in Honolulu County, 2001-2005
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Bicyclists fatality rates (/million residents),
by state, 2000-2004
Bicyclist fatality rate for Hawaii 23.5 (2nd
nationally) Rate for rest of U.S. 12.2/million
Rate/ million
HI
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The injury pyramid for bicyclist injuries in
Hawaii, 2001-2005
Deaths 1 (6/yr.)
Hospitalizations 9 1 death (50/yr.)
Emergency department visits 37 1
death (205/yr.)
Traffic crashes (police attended) 57 1
death (315/yr., including 100 possible
injuries)
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Annual number of traffic-related bicyclist
injuries in Hawaii, by county and severity,
2001-2006
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Fatal and non-fatal traffic-related bicyclist
crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005

• No trends
• Fatal injuries 29 total, 6 per year on average
  (4 in 2006)
• From 1997-2000 there were only 4, one in every
  year
• Non-fatal average of 315/year, 216 with definite
  injuries
• Demographics
• Average age 32 years (41 for fatally injured)
• 22 15 years or younger, half (48) under 30
  (only 3 seniors)
• Mostly males (73)
• Temporal
• Peak times 730-830 am (7), 230-630 pm (34)
• No seasonality (month), or day-of-week patterns

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Number and rate of non-fatal traffic-related
bicycle injuries in Hawaii, by severity of
injury, 2001-2005
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Fatal and non-fatal traffic-related bicycle
crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005

• Alcohol
• Involved in 6 of the 29 deaths (21)
• 4 cyclists positive, 3 with BAC 0.12 or higher
• Helmet use
• Fatal crashes only 5 of the riders (17)
• Non-fatal crashes 35 of riders
• Environment
• About half (46) at intersections, 35 on roadway
  not at intersection, 10 in driveways
• Almost all (89) on urban roads
• Actions (non-fatals) 38 riding in roadway, 37
  crossing roadway, 7 outside roadway
• Fatal crashes 31 were 25mph zones or lower, 34
  were 35mph, 21 were 40 mph or higher
• Contributing factors
• Bicyclists 22 inattention, 12 misjudgement, 8
  illegal in roadway, 17 other unspecified
  bicycle violation
• Drivers 35 inattention, 16 failure to yield,
  11 misjudgement, speeding 1.5