Activity

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Activity

• Ch 39

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Purpose of Skeletal System

• Supports soft tissues of body
• Protects delicate structures of the body
• Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of muscles,
  tendons, ligaments
• Provides storage areas for miner salts and fat
• Produces blood cells

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Bone Classification

• Long bones
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones

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Joint Types

• Ball-and-socket
• Condyloid
• Gliding
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Saddle

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Joint Movements

• Abduction
• Adduction
• Flexion
• Extension
• Rotation
• Supination
• Pronation
• Inversion
• Eversion

• These equal Range of Motion
• Learn how to assist your patients to perform
  these movements

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Muscle Types

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth or visceral

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Muscle Purposes

• Motion
• Maintenance of posture
• Heat production

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What Happens???

• Afferent nervous system conveys information to
  CNS.
• Neurons conduct impulses from one part of body to
  another.
• Information is processed by CNS.
• The efferent system conveys response from CNS to
  skeletal muscles via somatic nervous system.

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Body Mechanics

• Body alignment or posture
• Balance
• Coordinated body movement
• Postural reflexes

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Mobility Influences

• Developmental considerations
• Physical health
• Mental health
• Lifestyle
• Attitude and values
• Fatigue and stress
• External factors

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Types of Exercise

• Isotonic contraction of muscle against
  resistance
• Isometric contraction relaxation of a muscle
  or group of muscles
• Isokinetic usually involves machinery to
  control speed of activity

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Assessing Mobility

• General ease of movement and gait
• Alignment
• Joint structure and function
• Muscle mass, tone, and strength
• Endurance

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Positioning Patients

• Pillows
• Mattresses
• Adjustable beds
• Bed side rails
• Trapeze bar
• Additional equipment

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Protective Positions

• Fowlers position
• Supine or dorsal recumbent position
• Side-lying or lateral position
• Prone position

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!?!?! Back Strain !?!?

• Uncoordinated lifts
• Height-weight differential among lifters
• Lifting when fatigued
• Lifting after recent recovery from back injury
• Lack of training in body mechanics
• Standing for long periods of time
• Transferring patients

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Conditioning

• Quadriceps and gluteal setting drills
• Pushups
• Dangling

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Assistive Devices

• Walker
• Cane
• Braces
• Crutches

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Crutch Gaits

• Four-point
• Three-point
• Two-point
• Swing-to
• Swing-through