Prsentation PowerPoint

1

• African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses
• Afrikanske Monsun Multidisiplinære Analyser
• Afrikaanse Moesson Multidisciplinaire Analyse
• Analisi Multidisciplinare per il Monsone Africano
• Afrikanischer Monsun Multidisziplinäre Analysen
• Analisis Multidiciplinar de los Monzones
  Africanos
• Analyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson
  Africaine

2
The WAM is an ideal natural laboratory for
exploring the coupled atmosphere-land-ocean system
Key features of the West African Monsoon Climate
System during Boreal summer
Heat Low
SAL
AEJ
ITCZ
Cold Tongue
3
AMMA is definitively International
More than 500 Researchers from around 30
countries in Africa, Europe USA Algeria,
Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cap
Verde, Chad, Congo, Denmark, France, Germany,
Ghana, Italy, Ivory Coast, Mali, Morocco,
Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain,
Togo, UK, US
4
1. AMMA International

• To improve our understanding of the WAM and its
  influence on the
• physical, chemical biological environment
  regionally and globally.

AIMS
(2) To provide the underpinning science that
relates variability of the WAM to issues of
health, water resources, food security
demography for West African nations and defining
and implementing relevant monitoring prediction
strategies.
(3)  To ensure that the multidisciplinary
research carried out in AMMA is effectively
integrated with prediction decision making
activity.
5
IGB
Endorses the Science Implementation Plans
Produces the Science Implementation Plans
Integrative Science
Obs implementation
ISSC
TT1 Radio soundings
WAM global climate (incl aerosol/chemistry
TT2a Surface Layer
TT2b Aerosol Radiation
Water cycle
TT3 Gourma site
TT4 Niamey site
Land surface-atmosphere- ocean feedbacks
ST3 Database
ST1 EOP/LOP
TT5 Ouémé site
TT6 Oceaic campaigns
Prediction of climate impacts
TT7 SOP-Dry season
High impact weather prediction
ST2 incl AOC
TT8 SOP-Monsoon season
AMMA National Pan Scientific Committees
TT9 SOP-Downstream
ARM
Links with International Programmes (WCRP, IGBP,
THORPEX, ..)
6
WG1 West African Monsoon and Global Climate
Co-chairs Arona Diedhiou (IRD, Niger), Serge
Janicot (LOCEAN, France) Peter Lamb (Univ.
Oklahoma, US)

• This WG is concerned with the 2-way interactions
  between the West African
• Monsoon the rest of the globe.
• Research areas under this theme include
• (i) Variability and predictability of the WAM
  (nature and role of teleconnections,
• intraseasonal variability including easterly
  waves, predictability issues and the role
• of the ocean, detection of global change),
• (ii) Monsoon processes (e.g. scale
  interactions, the seasonal cycle and monsoon
  onset),
• (iii) Global impacts of the WAM (e.g. on
  tropical cyclones, aerosol variability,
  atmospheric chemistry).
• n.b. includes aerosol-chemistry, modeling
  strategy evolving

7
WG1 West African Monsoon and Global Climate

• Dominant pattern of precipitation error
• associated with dominant pattern of SST
  prediction error based on persistent SST
  anomalies (Goddard Mason ,Climate Dynamics,
  2002)

Coupled model systematic error in equatorial SST
simulation note systematic error in east-west
gradient in the tropical Atlantic
8
10 years of observation and research
ong term Observations (LOP)
WA
Ocean
Regional
Enhanced Period (EOP)
E

0
0
S O P
10
3
Meso


WET
DRY
Local
2006 2007 2008
2002
2005
SOP0_a3 ?
9
gtgtThe US contribution to AMMA data collection is
significant, about 14M. gtgtIn addition, there
are US contributions to AMMA from NCEP as well as
individual PIs funded for analytical work on the
WAM. gtgtRecognizing this large investment by
U.S. funding agencies a U.S. AMMA workshop was
convened with the following aims     (1)   
provide an overview of the national and
international AMMA project including planned
research and field observations,       (2)
discuss and identify the key science issues that
interest US PIs in the context of AMMA,  
 (3)  define coordinated actions for US
contributions to AMMA
10
US contributions to AMMA field program in 06
ARM mobile facility (DOE) MIT-radar
(NASA) Surface obs. malaria studies (NOAA)
SALEX NOAA P3 and G-IV Targeted Missions and
Dropsonde flights with G-IV
NASA-AMMA Targeted Missions with DC-8,
Ground-based obs. (N-Pol TOGA radars, soundings)
Driftsonde/THORPEX (NCAR/NSF/NOAA CNES, France)
ZEUS lightning detection network?
Surface-based research radars
US-GCOS Hydrogen generator at Dakar
Ronald H. Brown Cruises ship-based obs (NOAA),
supported by multi-year sustained obs (see next
slide)
Climate Transect
11
Long-term observations in the tropical Atlantic

12

• Key Science Issues for WG1 West African
  Monsoon and Climate
• Monsoon processes,
• gtThe role of SSTs on the evolution of the WAM
• gtThe southern hemisphere tropical stratus deck
  and the WAM
• gtgt Scale interactions (e.g., weather/jet
  interactions and the WAM)
•    gtDiabatic heating profiles and their impact on
  WAM circulations.
•  
• Variability and Predictability of the WAM,
• gt gtMechanisms that force SST variability
• gtVariability of mesoscale and synoptic weather
  systems and their
• relationship with the large-scale environment
  
•   gtProxies for rainfall to extend the
  observational record.
•  
• Offshore impacts of the WAM,
•   gtImpacts of variability of the WAM (e.g.,
  linked to shear, SAL, weather systems) on
  variability of tropical cyclone activity.
•  
• (i

13
Aerosol/Radiation issues gtRelative roles of local
biomass burning and transport of plumes from
other parts of the region on the radiation
budget. gtQuantify the extent aerosol experiences
wet deposition and affects the chemical
composition of the rainwater. gtRespective roles
of dust and biomass burning in modulating the
radiation heating profile over West Africa (and
how this impacts the WAM).  A key cross-cutting
activity that falls under the auspices of WG1 is
the US-led West African Monsoon Model Evaluation
(WAMME) project. This is a CEOP/CIMS modeling
initiative led by Yongkang Xue, Kerry Cook and
Bill Lau and is concerned with evaluating models
in the WAM region.
14
3.1 AMMA US Science Team Recognizing the
significant US role in the AMMA field campaign
and the keen interest of many US PIs in AMMA
Science (79 people attended this workshop), an
AMMA Science team built around funded
contributions to the five international WGs and
including an emphasis on the cross-cutting themes
(Modeling of the coupled WAM system and Climate
impacts) was formed. The AMMA Science Team will
be coordinated by an excutive committee that
consists of Kerry Cook, Jason Dunion, Fatih
Eltahir, Greg Jenkins, Paul Houser, Arlene Laing,
Peter Lamb, Erica Key, Bob Molinari, Chris
Thorncroft, Sylwia Trzaska.
15
ADVANTAGES TO U.S. AMMA PROGRAM BECOMING A U.S.
CLIVAR PROPOSED ACTIVITY

• Access to PSMIP activities directed at improving
  models
• Access to other process study PIs to learn from
  their experiences in data analyses, modeling,
  modeler-data collector interactions, etc.
• Advice from PMSIP on adequacy of U.S. AMMA
  planning and implementation
• Assist U.S. CLIVAR in coordination efforts with
  similar national and international studies
• Benefit from PMSIP interactions with in situ and
  satellite observations communities
• CONVERSELY, U.S. CLIVAR WILL BENEFIT FROM AMMA
  EFFORTS DIRECTED AT PMSIP GOALS