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Le systme onusien et les OCI

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Title: Le systme onusien et les OCI


1
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • About the United Nations
  • Main Bodies
  • Member States
  • General Assembly President
  • Secretary-General
  • Renewing the United Nations
  • UN Action against Terrorism
  • Issues on the UN Agenda
  • Civil Society Busines

Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
2
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • About the United Nations (History and how does it
    work)
  • The United Nations was established on 24 October
    1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving
    peace through international cooperation and
    collective security. Today, nearly every nation
    in the world belongs to the UN membership totals
    192 countries. When States become Members of the
    United Nations, they agree to accept the
    obligations of the UN Charter, an international
    treaty that sets out basic principles of
    international relations.

Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
3
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • About the United Nations (History and how does it
    work)
  • According to the Charter, the UN has four
    purposes to maintain international peace and
    security to develop friendly relations among
    nations to cooperate in solving international
    problems and in promoting respect for human
    rights and to be a centre for harmonizing the
    actions of nations.The United Nations is not a
    world government and it does not make laws. It
    does, however, provide the means to help resolve
    international conflicts and formulate policies on
    matters affecting all of us. At the UN, all the
    Member States large and small, rich and poor,
    with differing political views and social systems
    have a voice and a vote in this process.

Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
4
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • About the United Nations
  • The United Nations was established on 24 October
    1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving
    peace through international cooperation and
    collective security. Today, nearly every nation
    in the world belongs to the UN membership totals
    192 countries. When States become Members of the
    United Nations, they agree to accept the
    obligations of the UN Charter, an international
    treaty that sets out basic principles of
    international relations.

Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
5
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • The United Nations has six main organs. Five of
    them the General Assembly, the Security
    Council, the Economic and Social Council, the
    Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat are
    based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth,
    the International Court of Justice, is located at
    The Hague in the Netherlands.

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6
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • Most of us have heard about United Nations
    peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance. But the
    many other ways the UN affects all our lives are
    not always so well known.
  • more than 30 affiliated organizations, known
    together as the UN system or Family (UNDP, UNDCP,
    UNHCR, UNHCR, UNDPA, UNDPKO, ILO) to promote
    respect for human rights, protect the
    environment, fight disease and reduce poverty. UN
    agencies define the standards for safe and
    efficient air travel and help improve
    telecommunications and enhance consumer
    protection. UN leads the international campaigns
    against drug trafficking and terrorism. UN and
    its agencies assist refugees, set up programmes
    to clear landmines, help expand food production
    and lead the fight against AIDS.

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7
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • General Assembly President All UN Member States
    are represented in the General Assembly a
    "parliament of nations" which meets regularly and
    in special sessions to consider the world's most
    pressing problems. Each Member State has one
    vote.
  • The centrepiece of the Assemblys 60th
    anniversary session, in 2005, is a five-year
    review by world leaders of its 2000 Millennium
    Declaration, including action on a comprehensive
    set of recommendations submitted by the
    Secretary-General to reduce poverty, address
    security threats, stem human rights abuses, and
    approve major changes to strengthen the
    functioning of the United Nations.

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8
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • Security Council The UN Charter gives the
    Security Council primary responsibility for
    maintaining international peace and security. The
    Council may convene at any time, whenever peace
    is threatened. Under the Charter, all Member
    States are obligated to carry out the Council's
    decisions. There are 15 Council members. Five of
    these China, France, the Russian Federation,
    the United Kingdom and the United States are
    permanent members. The other 10 are elected by
    the General Assembly for two-year terms. Member
    States continue to discuss changes in Council
    membership and working methods to reflect today's
    political and economic realities. Decisions of
    the Council require nine yes votes. Except in
    votes on procedural questions, a decision cannot
    be taken if there is a no vote, or veto, by a
    permanent member.

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9
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • The Economic and Social Council under the
    overall authority of the General Assembly,
    coordinates the economic and social work of the
    UN and the UN family of organizations. It also
    consults with non-governmental organizations
    (NGOs), thereby maintaining a vital link between
    the United Nations and civil society. The Council
    has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly
    for three-year terms. It meets throughout the
    year and holds a major session in July, during
    which a high-level meeting of Ministers discusses
    major economic, social and humanitarian issues.
    The Commission on Human Rights, for example,
    monitors the observance of human rights
    throughout the world. Other bodies focus on such
    issues as social development, the status of
    women, crime prevention, narcotic drugs and
    sustainable development. Five regional
    commissions promote economic development and
    cooperation in their respective regions.

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10
Les ODM (2015)
1. Réduire de moitié lextrême pauvreté et la
faim
2. Assurer léducation primaire pour tous
3. Promouvoir légalité des sexes et
lautonomisation des femmes
4. Réduire de deux tiers la mortalité des enfants
de moins de 5 ans
11
ODM (suite)
5. Réduire de trois quart la mortalité maternelle
6. Combattre les maladies, en particulier le
VIH/SIDA et le paludisme
7. Assurer un environnement durable
8. Mettre en uvre un partenariat mondial pour le
développement, en fixant des objectifs relatifs
à laide aux échanges commerciaux et à
latténuation de la dette.
12
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • The Trusteeship Council established to provide
    international supervision for 11 Trust
    Territories administered by seven Member States
    and ensure that adequate steps were taken to
    prepare the Territories for self-government or
    independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had
    attained self-government or independence, either
    as separate States or by joining neighbouring
    independent countries. The last to do so was the
    Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Palau
    which was administered by the United States and
    became the 185th UN Member State. Its work
    completed, the Trusteeship Council now consists
    of the five permanent members of the Security
    Council. It has amended its rules of procedure to
    allow it to meet as and when the occasion may
    require.

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13
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • The International Court of Justice also known as
    the World Court, is the main judicial organ of
    the UN. Its 15 judges are elected by the General
    Assembly and the Security Council, voting
    independently and concurrently. The Court decides
    disputes between countries, based on the
    voluntary participation of the States concerned.
    If a State agrees to participate in a proceeding,
    it is obligated to comply with the Court's
    decision. The Court also gives advisory opinions
    to the United Nations and its specialized
    agencies.

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14
Le système onusien et les OCI
  • The Secretariat carries out the substantive and
    administrative work of the United Nations as
    directed by the General Assembly, the Security
    Council and the other organs. At its head is the
    Secretary-General, who provides overall
    administrative guidance.The Secretariat
    consists of departments and offices with a total
    staff of about 7,500 under the regular budget,
    drawn from some 170 countries. Duty stations
    include UN Headquarters in New York, as well as
    UN offices in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi and other
    locations.

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15
Dialogue international sur les forêts
  • CNUED (1992) Principes relatifs aux forêts ou
    Déclaration de principes, non juridiquement
    contraignante, pour un consensus mondial sur la
    gestion, la conservation et lexploitation
    écoviable de tous les types de forêts
  • 1995 à 1997 GIF a été établi dans le cadre de la
    Commission du DD des Nations Unies
  • 1997 à 2000 FIF a succédé au GIF
  • Le GIF et le FIF ont accepté plus de 200
    propositions daction en faveur de laménagement
    durable des forêts, mais nont pas réussi à
    résoudre certains problèmes délicats liés au
    financement, au transfert de technologie et au
    commerce.

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16
Dialogue international (suite)
  • FNUF (2000 à 2005) dont les objectifs sont
  • faciliter et promouvoir la mise en uvre des
    propositions daction du GIF/FIF
  • offrir une tribune pour lélaboration permanente
    de politiques et pour un dialogue continu
  • renforcer la coopération et la coordination des
    programmes relatifs aux forêts
  • promouvoir la coopération internationale et
    transsectorielle
  • assurer le suivi et évaluer les progrès accomplis
    sur la voie de laménagement durable des forêts
  • renforcer lengagement politique à long terme.

Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
17
Dialogue international (suite)
  • Le Partenariat de collaboration sur les forêts
    (PCF), un organe inter-institutions constitué de
    14 organisations, institutions et instruments
    internationaux en rapport avec la foresterie,
    présidé par la FAO, a été établi en avril 2001
    pour soutenir le FNUF dans ses travaux et
    renforcer la coopération et la coordination dans
    le secteur forestier
  • Les six Commissions régionales des forêts de la
    FAO (pour lAfrique, lAsie et le Pacifique,
    lEurope, lAmérique latine et les Caraïbes, le
    Proche-Orient et lAmérique du Nord), ainsi que
    son Comité des forêts (COFO) servent aussi de
    tribune pour un dialogue international sur les
    forêts.

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18
Dialogue international (suite)
  • Les pays en faveur dun instrument juridiquement
    contraignant sur les forêts souhaitent que les
    questions forestières soient traitées
    (éventuellement séparément), de divers accords
    environnementaux multilatéraux, dont la
    Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) et
    le Protocole de Kyoto, de la Convention-cadre
    des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique
    (CCCC-ONU). Ils soutiennent quune convention
    sur les forêts prendrait en compte tous les types
    de forêts et toutes les valeurs forestières, de
    manière complète et exhaustive, en fournissant
    un programme daction commun, un cadre pour son
    application et des règles et des objectifs
    impartiaux pour mesurer les performances des
    pays
  • Les pays opposés à une convention forestière font
    valoir que des arrangements volontaires comme
    les neuf processus régionaux et écorégionaux
    relatifs aux critères et aux indicateurs de
    laménagement durable des forêts, démontrent que
    des mesures contraignantes ne sont pas
    nécessaires.

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19
Exemples de thèmes en rapport avec la foresterie
au niveau international
  • Etendue des ressources forestières
    déforestation, promotion des forêts naturelles et
    plantées, remise en état et régénération des
    terres dégradées, conservation du couvert
    forestier
  • Diversité biologique forestière conservation et
    aires protégées, protection des types de forêts
    uniques et des écosystèmes fragiles, diversité
    des écosystèmes
  • Santé et vitalité des forêts dégradation des
    forêts, pollution atmosphérique, feux, insectes,
    ravageurs et maladies, espèces exotiques
    envahissantes

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20
Exemples de thèmes (suite)
  • Fonctions productives des forêts récolte durable
    du bois, produits forestiers non ligneux
  • Fonctions protectrices des forêts conservation
    des sols et des eaux, contribution aux cycles
    mondiaux du carbone, écosystèmes fragiles,
    stratégies de conservation
  • Avantages socioéconomiques procurés par les
    forêts offre et demande, emploi et création de
    revenus, systèmes de gestion autochtones et
    communautaires, connaissances traditionnelles,
    évaluation des biens et des services, instruments
    économiques, politiques fiscales et régimes
    fonciers

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21
Exemples de thèmes (suite)
  • Cadre juridique, politique et institutionnel
    programmes nationaux relatifs aux forêts et à
    lutilisation des terres, critères et indicateurs
    daménagement durable des forêts, suivi,
    évaluation et établissement de rapports, science
    et recherche, participation du public,
    gouvernance et mise en application des lois
  • Coopération et commerce internationaux
    assistance financière, transfert de technologie,
    renforcement de capacités, commerce international
    de produits et de services, commerce illégal des
    produits forestiers.

Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
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