Title: Le systme onusien et les OCI
1Le système onusien et les OCI
- About the United Nations
- Main Bodies
- Member States
- General Assembly President
- Secretary-General
- Renewing the United Nations
- UN Action against Terrorism
- Issues on the UN Agenda
- Civil Society Busines
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
2Le système onusien et les OCI
- About the United Nations (History and how does it
work) - The United Nations was established on 24 October
1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving
peace through international cooperation and
collective security. Today, nearly every nation
in the world belongs to the UN membership totals
192 countries. When States become Members of the
United Nations, they agree to accept the
obligations of the UN Charter, an international
treaty that sets out basic principles of
international relations. -
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
3Le système onusien et les OCI
- About the United Nations (History and how does it
work) - According to the Charter, the UN has four
purposes to maintain international peace and
security to develop friendly relations among
nations to cooperate in solving international
problems and in promoting respect for human
rights and to be a centre for harmonizing the
actions of nations.The United Nations is not a
world government and it does not make laws. It
does, however, provide the means to help resolve
international conflicts and formulate policies on
matters affecting all of us. At the UN, all the
Member States large and small, rich and poor,
with differing political views and social systems
have a voice and a vote in this process. -
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
4Le système onusien et les OCI
- About the United Nations
- The United Nations was established on 24 October
1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving
peace through international cooperation and
collective security. Today, nearly every nation
in the world belongs to the UN membership totals
192 countries. When States become Members of the
United Nations, they agree to accept the
obligations of the UN Charter, an international
treaty that sets out basic principles of
international relations. -
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
5Le système onusien et les OCI
- The United Nations has six main organs. Five of
them the General Assembly, the Security
Council, the Economic and Social Council, the
Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat are
based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth,
the International Court of Justice, is located at
The Hague in the Netherlands.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
6Le système onusien et les OCI
- Most of us have heard about United Nations
peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance. But the
many other ways the UN affects all our lives are
not always so well known. - more than 30 affiliated organizations, known
together as the UN system or Family (UNDP, UNDCP,
UNHCR, UNHCR, UNDPA, UNDPKO, ILO) to promote
respect for human rights, protect the
environment, fight disease and reduce poverty. UN
agencies define the standards for safe and
efficient air travel and help improve
telecommunications and enhance consumer
protection. UN leads the international campaigns
against drug trafficking and terrorism. UN and
its agencies assist refugees, set up programmes
to clear landmines, help expand food production
and lead the fight against AIDS.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
7Le système onusien et les OCI
- General Assembly President All UN Member States
are represented in the General Assembly a
"parliament of nations" which meets regularly and
in special sessions to consider the world's most
pressing problems. Each Member State has one
vote. - The centrepiece of the Assemblys 60th
anniversary session, in 2005, is a five-year
review by world leaders of its 2000 Millennium
Declaration, including action on a comprehensive
set of recommendations submitted by the
Secretary-General to reduce poverty, address
security threats, stem human rights abuses, and
approve major changes to strengthen the
functioning of the United Nations.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
8Le système onusien et les OCI
- Security Council The UN Charter gives the
Security Council primary responsibility for
maintaining international peace and security. The
Council may convene at any time, whenever peace
is threatened. Under the Charter, all Member
States are obligated to carry out the Council's
decisions. There are 15 Council members. Five of
these China, France, the Russian Federation,
the United Kingdom and the United States are
permanent members. The other 10 are elected by
the General Assembly for two-year terms. Member
States continue to discuss changes in Council
membership and working methods to reflect today's
political and economic realities. Decisions of
the Council require nine yes votes. Except in
votes on procedural questions, a decision cannot
be taken if there is a no vote, or veto, by a
permanent member.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
9Le système onusien et les OCI
- The Economic and Social Council under the
overall authority of the General Assembly,
coordinates the economic and social work of the
UN and the UN family of organizations. It also
consults with non-governmental organizations
(NGOs), thereby maintaining a vital link between
the United Nations and civil society. The Council
has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly
for three-year terms. It meets throughout the
year and holds a major session in July, during
which a high-level meeting of Ministers discusses
major economic, social and humanitarian issues.
The Commission on Human Rights, for example,
monitors the observance of human rights
throughout the world. Other bodies focus on such
issues as social development, the status of
women, crime prevention, narcotic drugs and
sustainable development. Five regional
commissions promote economic development and
cooperation in their respective regions.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
10Les ODM (2015)
1. Réduire de moitié lextrême pauvreté et la
faim
2. Assurer léducation primaire pour tous
3. Promouvoir légalité des sexes et
lautonomisation des femmes
4. Réduire de deux tiers la mortalité des enfants
de moins de 5 ans
11ODM (suite)
5. Réduire de trois quart la mortalité maternelle
6. Combattre les maladies, en particulier le
VIH/SIDA et le paludisme
7. Assurer un environnement durable
8. Mettre en uvre un partenariat mondial pour le
développement, en fixant des objectifs relatifs
à laide aux échanges commerciaux et à
latténuation de la dette.
12Le système onusien et les OCI
- The Trusteeship Council established to provide
international supervision for 11 Trust
Territories administered by seven Member States
and ensure that adequate steps were taken to
prepare the Territories for self-government or
independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had
attained self-government or independence, either
as separate States or by joining neighbouring
independent countries. The last to do so was the
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Palau
which was administered by the United States and
became the 185th UN Member State. Its work
completed, the Trusteeship Council now consists
of the five permanent members of the Security
Council. It has amended its rules of procedure to
allow it to meet as and when the occasion may
require.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
13Le système onusien et les OCI
- The International Court of Justice also known as
the World Court, is the main judicial organ of
the UN. Its 15 judges are elected by the General
Assembly and the Security Council, voting
independently and concurrently. The Court decides
disputes between countries, based on the
voluntary participation of the States concerned.
If a State agrees to participate in a proceeding,
it is obligated to comply with the Court's
decision. The Court also gives advisory opinions
to the United Nations and its specialized
agencies.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
14Le système onusien et les OCI
- The Secretariat carries out the substantive and
administrative work of the United Nations as
directed by the General Assembly, the Security
Council and the other organs. At its head is the
Secretary-General, who provides overall
administrative guidance.The Secretariat
consists of departments and offices with a total
staff of about 7,500 under the regular budget,
drawn from some 170 countries. Duty stations
include UN Headquarters in New York, as well as
UN offices in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi and other
locations.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
15Dialogue international sur les forêts
- CNUED (1992) Principes relatifs aux forêts ou
Déclaration de principes, non juridiquement
contraignante, pour un consensus mondial sur la
gestion, la conservation et lexploitation
écoviable de tous les types de forêts - 1995 à 1997 GIF a été établi dans le cadre de la
Commission du DD des Nations Unies - 1997 à 2000 FIF a succédé au GIF
- Le GIF et le FIF ont accepté plus de 200
propositions daction en faveur de laménagement
durable des forêts, mais nont pas réussi à
résoudre certains problèmes délicats liés au
financement, au transfert de technologie et au
commerce.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
16Dialogue international (suite)
- FNUF (2000 à 2005) dont les objectifs sont
- faciliter et promouvoir la mise en uvre des
propositions daction du GIF/FIF - offrir une tribune pour lélaboration permanente
de politiques et pour un dialogue continu - renforcer la coopération et la coordination des
programmes relatifs aux forêts - promouvoir la coopération internationale et
transsectorielle - assurer le suivi et évaluer les progrès accomplis
sur la voie de laménagement durable des forêts - renforcer lengagement politique à long terme.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
17Dialogue international (suite)
- Le Partenariat de collaboration sur les forêts
(PCF), un organe inter-institutions constitué de
14 organisations, institutions et instruments
internationaux en rapport avec la foresterie,
présidé par la FAO, a été établi en avril 2001
pour soutenir le FNUF dans ses travaux et
renforcer la coopération et la coordination dans
le secteur forestier - Les six Commissions régionales des forêts de la
FAO (pour lAfrique, lAsie et le Pacifique,
lEurope, lAmérique latine et les Caraïbes, le
Proche-Orient et lAmérique du Nord), ainsi que
son Comité des forêts (COFO) servent aussi de
tribune pour un dialogue international sur les
forêts.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
18Dialogue international (suite)
- Les pays en faveur dun instrument juridiquement
contraignant sur les forêts souhaitent que les
questions forestières soient traitées
(éventuellement séparément), de divers accords
environnementaux multilatéraux, dont la
Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) et
le Protocole de Kyoto, de la Convention-cadre
des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique
(CCCC-ONU). Ils soutiennent quune convention
sur les forêts prendrait en compte tous les types
de forêts et toutes les valeurs forestières, de
manière complète et exhaustive, en fournissant
un programme daction commun, un cadre pour son
application et des règles et des objectifs
impartiaux pour mesurer les performances des
pays - Les pays opposés à une convention forestière font
valoir que des arrangements volontaires comme
les neuf processus régionaux et écorégionaux
relatifs aux critères et aux indicateurs de
laménagement durable des forêts, démontrent que
des mesures contraignantes ne sont pas
nécessaires.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
19Exemples de thèmes en rapport avec la foresterie
au niveau international
- Etendue des ressources forestières
déforestation, promotion des forêts naturelles et
plantées, remise en état et régénération des
terres dégradées, conservation du couvert
forestier - Diversité biologique forestière conservation et
aires protégées, protection des types de forêts
uniques et des écosystèmes fragiles, diversité
des écosystèmes - Santé et vitalité des forêts dégradation des
forêts, pollution atmosphérique, feux, insectes,
ravageurs et maladies, espèces exotiques
envahissantes
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
20Exemples de thèmes (suite)
- Fonctions productives des forêts récolte durable
du bois, produits forestiers non ligneux - Fonctions protectrices des forêts conservation
des sols et des eaux, contribution aux cycles
mondiaux du carbone, écosystèmes fragiles,
stratégies de conservation - Avantages socioéconomiques procurés par les
forêts offre et demande, emploi et création de
revenus, systèmes de gestion autochtones et
communautaires, connaissances traditionnelles,
évaluation des biens et des services, instruments
économiques, politiques fiscales et régimes
fonciers
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique
21Exemples de thèmes (suite)
- Cadre juridique, politique et institutionnel
programmes nationaux relatifs aux forêts et à
lutilisation des terres, critères et indicateurs
daménagement durable des forêts, suivi,
évaluation et établissement de rapports, science
et recherche, participation du public,
gouvernance et mise en application des lois - Coopération et commerce internationaux
assistance financière, transfert de technologie,
renforcement de capacités, commerce international
de produits et de services, commerce illégal des
produits forestiers.
Faculté de foresterie et de géomatique