World Turned Upside Down

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World Turned Upside Down

• Rights to Liberation Movements
• 1950s-1970s

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• I. Following a Civil Rights Model
• A. Homophile Movement
• 1. Post-war McCarthyism inc. anti-homosexual
  campaigns
• 1947-April 50 avr. 5 homosexuals/mo. fired
  
• 20 faced loyalty-security investigations
• 2. 3 groups formed to assert equal rights
• Mattachine Society 1951 LA
• ONE 1953 LA
• Daughters of Bilitis 1955 SF

Harry Hay 1959 Mattachine Review
Phyllis Lyon Del Martin
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• 4 main benefits of these homophile groups
• 1) national network
• 2) publications creating informing community
• 3) ties with sympathetic professions
• E.g. Council on Religion and the Homosexual
• 4) occasional small pickets 1965-66

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• 3. Protests to Gay Liberation 1966-1969-1970s
• 1966 Comptons Cafeteria, SF
• 1969 Stonewall, NYC
• Gay Liberation Front

1970 Christopher St. Commemoration
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• II. Policy Changes, Cultural Assertion, and Women
  within Alternatives to Non-Violence
• A. Black Power and the Position of Women
• 1. Race Riots 1965-1968 Watts L.A., CA 1965
• 2. Co-gender tensions
• Stokely Carmichael, The only position for
  women in SNCC is prone.
• Mary King and Casey Hayden cf. Cynthia
  Washington
• 3. Black Power Proponents like Malcolm X by
  any means necessary.
• SNCC in 1966 CORE in 1967
• Paramilitary look
• 4. Elaine Brown

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• B. Birth Control as Genocide 2 Kinds of
  Sterilization Abuse
• Women of Color coerced
• 1. 2 separate films English Spanish
• 2. Poor ?s on welfare
• 3. Lack of informed Consent (e.g. 1973)
• White middle-class ?s denied through mid-1970s
• 1. doctors refusal
• 2. hospitals refusal unless life/health-threateni
  ng
• 3. husbands consent
• 4. American College of Obstetricians and
  Gynecologists formula for sterilization ?s age
  X number of children gt 120 (e.g. 25 X 5 125 30
  X 4 120) done reproductive duty

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• By 1980s 16 white ? sterilized
• 24 black ?
• 25 Mexican American ?
• 33 Native American ?
• 35 Puerto Rican ?
• ? 1970 Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias
• founding member of Committee
• to End Sterilization Abuse
• 1975 Dr. Rodriguez-Trias, speaker
• ? groups across country to end
• 1990 FDA approved Norplant

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• C. Chicanas in the Civil Rights Movement
• 1. 1964 United Farm Workers
• Bracero Program ended 1964
• Cesar Chavez
• Helen Chavez
• Dolores Huerta
• 2. Chicano Movement for Politics, Students,
  Communities
• Aztlán
• Mexican American Political Association
• 3. Brown Berets

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• III. Origins and Development of a Second-Wave
  Feminist Movement
• A. National Spaces for Womens Concerns
• 1. 1961 Presidential Commission on the Status of
  Women
• Pres. John F. Kennedy Womens Bureau cf. Alice
  Pauls ERA
• B. Major Legal Gains
• 1. 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII prohibited
  discrimination in public accommodations private
  employment based on race, color, religion, sex,
  or national origin.
• Chair of House Rules Committee Howard Smith
• Equal Employment Opportunity Comm. (EEOC)

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• 2. National Organization for Women (NOW) 1966
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from
  1964 (EEOC)
• NOW 1966-1968
• 3. 1965 Voting Rights Act Student Nonviolent
  Coordinating Committee
• 4. Affirmative Action 1967 Executive Order 11375

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• 5. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
  No person in the United States shall, on the
  basis of sex, be excluded from participation in,
  be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
  discrimination under any education program or
  activity receiving Federal financial
  assistance.
• 1972 ? 9 M.D. degrees, 7 law degrees, 15
  doctoral degrees, 2 varsity athletes
• 1974 est. 50,000 athletic scholarships for ?
  under 50 for ?s.
• 1971 31,850 ?s in intercoll. sports ? 1994
  105,530 ?s
• 172,450 ?s ? 190,650 ?s USSC
  Davis v. Monroe County Board of Ed. 1999
• 6. Roe v Wade 1973