In the news

1
In the news

• Huckabee surges in Iowa
• 2. David Brooks the real Rudy.
• 3. Bunker Hillary Clinton and the media.
• 4. Campaigning and governing.

2
Presidential Staff and Presidential Style

• Evolution of the Presidents staff
• Burke the institutionalized presidency is a
  relatively recent development. Presidents in the
  19th century had almost no staff. Now it costs
  about 150 million a year to staff the White
  House.
• Brownlow Committee set up by FDR to recommend
  changes. Concluded the president needs help.
  Two-pronged approach institutional and personal
  assistance.

3
Staff, cont.

• Institutional includes the OMB, CEA, NSC, Trade
  Rep, Office of Policy Development, Council on
  Environmental Quality, Office of Science and
  Technology Policy, Office of Administration, and
  the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
• Personal includes speech writers, communications,
  media (press secretary), legislative, and legal
  assistants.

4
Organizing the White House

• Approaches to coordination
• Competitive FDR. Overlapping
  responsibilities, not very organized.
• Formalistic Truman, Eisenhower, Nixon,
  Reagan, and Bush III (but Karl Rove rather than
  Andrew Card for George W. Bush). Hierarchical,
  division of labor. Chief of staff plays a
  central role in controlling the flow of
  information to the president. LBJ tried this for
  about a week discarded it when one memo didnt
  get through to him.

5
Organizing the White House, cont.

• Collegial Kennedy, Ford, Carter (but switched
  to formalistic), and Clinton. Spokes of the
  wheel.
• General tendencies centralize, bureaucratize,
  and politicize.
• Pros and cons of each approach.
• efficiency, loyalty, good information, good staff
  relations.
• Isolation, chaos, redundancy, lack of expertise
  about the workings of government, demands on
  presidents time.

6
Presidential Staff and Presidential Style

• The Presidents staff
• The Chief of Staff duties and responsibilities
  vary by president, but has been a key player
  since Eisenhower. Plays the role of information
  broker, lighting rod, and personnel manager.
• The Brownlow Creed
• Anonymity staff should operate in the
  background. If you make the news, you have
  failed the president.
• Size of the staff small is beautiful, yet
  staff grows.
• Coordination vs. management
• The creed vs. reality

7
The Cabinet

• Rudalevige the assembled heads of the
  executive departments. Originally four, now 15
  agency heads, plus VP, chief of staff, OMB, Trade
  Rep, EPA, and Drug czar.
• adult show and tell. Not a collective decision
  making body. Clearly not cabinet government.
  Body is too big, too diverse, divided loyalties,
  and frequent turnover.
• So what purpose? Represent different
  constituencies, lead on specific issues, help
  implement the presidents agenda.

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Advising the President

• The process of advising the President how to
  convince the Pres. he is making a wrong decision.
  What leads to policy failures? Keeping
  information from the public.
• The politics of advising the President press
  loves to emphasize internal divisions within the
  White House, internal politics. Competition for
  space at the Cabinet table or office space in the
  West Wing.
• Assessing the advice on advising the President.
  What is the goal of the analysis explanation or
  prescription? Problems with giving advice need
  to have a better understanding of what works.

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12
Presidential Style

• Charles Jones categories of presidential styles
• LBJ Majority leader.
• Nixon Foreign minister.
• Ford Minority leader
• Carter Layman
• Reagan Plebiscitary president
• Bush combination of Nixon and Reagan
• Clinton and Bush II?

13
The Vice President

• John Cactus Jack Nance Garner, gave up being
  Speaker of the House to become Vice President
  under FDR. He later said it was the "worst damn
  fool mistake I ever made." Office wasnt worth
  a warm bucket of spit. John Adams, the first
  vice president, described the V.P. as "the most
  insignificant office that ever the invention of
  man contrived or his imagination conceived."
• Traditional duties president of the Senate,
  attend state funerals. Harry Truman, HHH, and
  Bush I out of the loop.
• Changed with Al Gore, and even more with Dick
  Cheney. Gore was influential in foreign policy,
  environmental policy, and reinventing
  government. Cheney is widely viewed as Bushs
  most influential advisor on a broad range of
  issues, esp. foreign policy.
• Stepping stone to the White House. VPs ran for
  office in 1960, 1968 (2), 1984, 1988, and 2000.
  Truman, LBJ, Nixon, Ford, and Bush I all served
  as VPs before becoming president.