PPA 573 Emergency Management and Homeland Security

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PPA 573 Emergency Management and Homeland
Security

• Lecture 4c Planning, Training, and Exercising

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Plans and Planning

• Two principal approaches to planning
• Military planning.
• Integrated emergency management system.
• Superimposing military (hierarchical) approach on
  state and local government can create problems.
• Military organized to execute plans.
• Local government is not.

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Plans and Planning

• Integrated emergency management.
• IEMS supports the development of multihazard
  plans with functional annexes and hazard-specific
  appendices.
• But can produce voluminous documents that make
  specific hazard material hard to find and
  implement.

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Federal and State Requirements Types of Plans

• FEMA recommends that each jurisdiction develop a
  comprehensive emergency operations plan (EOP)
  encompassing all hazards that pose a significant
  threat to the community.

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Federal and State Requirements Types of Plans

• The goals of emergency management planning at the
  state and local level are to
• Foster a nationwide systematic approach to state
  and local planning for emergency management.
• Develop plans supporting a capability for prompt,
  coordinated response to large-scale disasters or
  threats simultaneously by all levels of
  government.
• Prove a basis for assured continuity of
  government.
• Improve the operational utility of emergency
  plans.
• Promote uniformity of principles, policies, and
  concepts of operations and compatibility of
  organizations and systems to facilitate
  coordinated response.
• Reduce redundancy in plan documentation.

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Plan Format

• Basic plan.
• Introduction.
• Purpose.
• Situation and assumptions.
• Concept of operations.
• Organization and assignment of responsibilities.
• Administration and logistics.
• Plan development and maintenance.
• Authorities and references.
• Definition of terms.

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Plan Format

• Annexes.
• Clarify basic plan where necessary.
• Needs of the basic plan should govern the number
  and types of annexes.
• Each annex should deal with a single function.
• Each annex should be prepared by the agency that
  has responsibility for the function.
• The annexes should not cover matters governed by
  standard operating procedures.

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Plan Format

• Types of Annexes
• Direction and control.
• Communications.
• Warning.
• Emergency public information.
• Education and training.
• Evacuation.
• Shelter (reception and care).
• Medical health.

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Plan Format

• Types of annexes (contd.).
• Law enforcement.
• Public works.
• Fire and rescue.
• Transportation.
• Human services (welfare).
• Reporting procedures.
• Continuity of government.
• Damage assessment.
• Radiological defense

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Plan Format

• Appendixes.
• Create implementation guides that focus on
  specific hazards.

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Levels of Plans

• State plan.
• Regional plans and studies.
• Local plans.
• Departmental and support-agency plans.

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Plan Development at the Local Level

• Understand the obstacles.
• Lack of planning expertise.
• Lack of formal training.
• The belief that planning is unnecessary.
• Review and update the hazard vulnerability
  analysis.
• Organize a planning committee.
• Temporary.
• Permanent.

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Plan Development at the Local Level

• Devise a schedule.
• Publish a planning directive.
• Purpose.
• Authority.
• Objectives.
• Concept.
• Schedule for plan development.
• Organization for planning.
• Assignment of responsibilities for plan
  development.
• Development of annexes.
• Review and approval.
• Special instructions.

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Plan Development at the Local Level

• Evaluate the draft plan (things to consider).
• Lines of authority and succession.
• Ordinances.
• Broadcasting emergency information.
• Responses to citizens questions.
• Evacuation of medical facilities.
• Persons with special needs.
• Search and rescue.
• Response versus recovery planning.
• Intergovernmental resource distribution.
• Security.
• Incident command.

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Training

• Dimensions of a training program.
• Three-dimensional.
• Training provided by FEMA and the state.
• Internal training.
• Community education.
• Training support.

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Exercising

• Exercising is the primary way to test the EOP.
• Detect deficiencies in the EOP.
• Detect deficiencies in the overall EMS.
• Identify potential personnel and staff problems.
• Detect problems with the functioning and
  operation of equipment.

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Exercising

• Progressive exercises.
• Tabletop exercise.
• Scenarios on coordination and responsibility.
• Functional exercise.
• Three months to develop.
• Direction, control, and warning functions,
  evaluation of EOC.
• Full-scale exercise.
• More than three months.
• Full mobilization.
• Timely public notice.

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Exercising

• Medical facilities and the exercise program.
• EM should encourage medical facilities to
  participate in community exercises rather than
  conduct independent ones.
• Organizing an exercise program.
• Exercise committee.
• Program, schedule, scenarios.
• Announced versus unannounced exercises.

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Exercising

• Organizing an exercise program (contd.).
• A document describing the exercise.
• Critique of the exercise.
• Computer simulations.
• Budgeting for exercises.
• Recovery exercises.
• Complete plan should include a recovery exercise.

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Conclusion

• Military system of planning not the best model.
• Professionalism of emergency manager must be
  upgraded through hiring and training.
• Entire planning committee should be trained.
• Training and exercising should include computer
  simulation.