College English Book Two

1
College EnglishBook Two

• Edited by Hu Wenzhong, Ma Yuanxi,
• Zhu Jue and Li He
• Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press

2
Contents

• Lesson One
• Lesson Two
• Lesson Three
• Lesson Four
• Lesson Five
• Lesson Six
• Lesson Seven
• Lesson Eight
• Lesson Nine
• Lesson Ten
• Lesson Eleven
• Lesson Twelve

• Lesson Thirteen
• Lesson Fourteen
• Lesson Fifteen
• Lesson Sixteen

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Lesson Seven

• Words and Expressions
• Pattern Drills
• Text A Using the Suns Energy
• Notes to the Text
• Oral and Written Work
• Grammar
• Exercises
• Chinese Translation of Text A

4
Words and Expressions

• advantage n. A relatively favorable position
  superiority of means????
• apartment house n. A room or suite of rooms
  designed as a residence and generally located in
  a building occupied by more than one household??
• approach n. a manner or method of doing sth. ??
• beacon light n. ???
• boil vt. To reach the boiling point??
• cell n. A single unit that converts radiant
  energy into electric energy??
• Centigrade adj. ??
• championship n. The position or title of a
  winner.???????
• choice n. the act or choosing ??
• communications satellite ????
• conference n. A meeting for consultation or
  discussion??
• Cooker n. One that cooks, especially a utensil or
  an appliance for cooking ????(??????)
• elbow n. The joint or bend of the arm between the
  forearm and the upper arm?
• electric stove n. ??
• energy n. Usable heat or power ?

5
Words and Expressions

• equipment n. Something with which a person, an
  organization, or a thing is equipped ??
• fuel n. a material that is used for producing
  heat or power by burning ??
• furnace n. An enclosure in which energy in a
  nonthermal form is converted to heat, especially
  such an enclosure in which heat is generated by
  the combustion of a suitable fuel ????
• green tea n. ??
• hearing aid n. ???
• hobby n. interesting occupation, not ones
  regular business ????
• housewife n .????
• illustrate vt. to show the meaning of (sth.) by
  giving related examples ??
• impress vt. To produce or attempt to produce a
  vivid impression or image of??????
• in charge of responsible for ????
• inform vt. to tell to give information to ????
• jog v. to run slowly and steadily keep up to
  continue ????

6
Words and Expressions

• marvellous adj. wonderful, esp. because
  surprisingly good
• Mexico n. ???
• movie camera n. ???
• national adj. of, being, or concerning a nation
  ???
• perfect adj. of the very best possible kind ???
• point n. chief idea of sth. said, done, or
  planned
• put off v. to move to a later date delay ??
• remind vt. (of a person) to tell or cause
  (someone) to remember a fact or to do sth. ??
• portable adj. that can be carried about not
  fixed ??(?)?
• pot n. A round, fairly deep cooking vessel with a
  handle and often a lid?
• salt n. A colorless or white crystalline solid,
  chiefly sodium chloride, used extensively as a
  food seasoning and preservative.Also called
  common salt, table salt?
• scientist n. a person who does work in a science
  ???

7
Words and Expressions

• so far ????
• solar energy n. ???
• still n.???
• strong minded adj. firm in beliefs, wishes, etc.
  ?????
• thesis n. A dissertation advancing an original
  point of view as a result of research, especially
  as a requirement for an academic degree??
• thought-provoking adj. ?????
• tremendous adj. very great in size, amount or
  degree ???
• type n. A number of people or things having in
  common traits or characteristics that distinguish
  them as a group or class ??

8
Pattern Drills

• Drill A
• 1) Have you talked to your superviser about your
  thesis?
• Yes, I have. What he said is quite right.
  Ill do as he says.
• Good, Its still not too late to change
  your approach.
• 2) Have you asked him how he improved his
  pronunciation?
• Yes, I have. What he said impressed me.
  Ill work as hard as he did, if not harder.
• Good idea.
• 3) Have you been to see the old scientist?
• Yes, I have. What he told me taught me a
  lot. Ill try to be as determined as him and not
  be discouraged by difficulties.
• Good.
• 4) Have you talked the matter over with your
  friends?
• Yes, I have. What they advised me to do
  was quite helpful. Now I know whenever I have
  problems, I should ask people for advice.
• Thats what I do, too.

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• Drill B
• 1) Does it snow in Harbin?
• Yes, very often.
• Its freezing there, isnt it?
• 2) Is it always so hot here?
• Yes, most summers.
• It stays like this until October, doesnt
  it?
• Yes, but its wonderful to swim in the
  river in hot weather .
• 3) Its only five oclock. Does it usually get
  dark so early?
• Yes, at this time of the year.
• 4) Its June now. Its already mid-summer in the
  south. Why is it still so cool here?
• Its never very hot here. The highest
  temperature is around 65F.
• You must miss the hot weather sometimes,
  dont you?
• Yes I do, now and again.
• Drill C
• 1) Do you like his lectures?

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• Im afraid not . Theyre too difficult.
• I agree. I very often dont know what he
  means.
• Perhaps it s because he doesnt give
  enough examples to illustrate his points.
• 2) Do you go jogging in the morning?
• No, I dont. I find it hard to get up
  early.
• Me too. But its very important to get
  some exercise every day.
• I agree. Still, its easier said than
  done.
• 3) Do you collect stamps?
• Yes, I do. Its a very interesting hobby.
• I like it too. It isnt easy to keep up
  though.
• No. It takes a lot of time to collect the
  stamps and arrange them well.
• 4) Do you have drawing lessons?
• Yes, I do. Its encouraging to see your
  drawings improve week by week.
• I feel the same. Its good to keep up a
  hobby like that.
• Yes, but it
• Drill D
• 1) Why did the director keep Xiao Chen talking
  so long?

11

• He wasnt talking to Xiao Chen. It was
  Xiao Peng he had a talk with.
• Oh, I thought it was Xiao Chen.
• 2) Would you like coffee?
• No, thanks. I dont like coffee. Its tea
  that I like.
• Im sorry. I thought it was coffee. Ive
  got some very good green tea. Ill get you some
  of that.
• 3) See that woman sitting over there? Shes a
  member of the volleyball team that won the world
  championship, isnt she?
• No, shes not. Its the woman standing by
  the window who is on the national volleyball
  team. Thats her sister.
• Oh, I see. My mistake.
• Drill E
• V. (that) clause
• Verbs used in this pattern hope, think, believe,
  suppose, sugest, wish, explain, expect, say, see,
  mention, decide, show, hear, etc.
• 1) She suggests that Wu be put in charge of the
  work.

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• Thats a perfect choice. I hope Wu
  agrees.
• 2) Have you noticed that they are friends with
  each other now?
• Yes, I hear they apologized to each other
  after their argument.
• 3) Are you still hoping that hell get back in
  time for the conference?
• Yes, I wonder whats keeping him.
• 4) Many people think this is a thought-provoking
  article. But its in French. Do you know French?
• No, I wish I did. Lets get someone to
  translate it for us.
• v. n. or pron. (that) clause
• Verbs used in this pattern tell, warn, remind,
  inform, etc.
• 1) He reminded us that the school bus would
  leave early today.
• Oh, yes. I almost forgot.
• 2) The road was dark and slippery. I fell down
  and hurt my elbow.
• I warned you that you should not take
  that road at night.
• 3) Has anybody informed the class that the exam
  has been put off?
• No. Its marvellous news though.

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• Notes to the Pattern Drills
• 1. Its still not too late to change your
  approach.
• Its still fairly early for you to change
  your approach.
• Too to structure usually carries a
  negative meaning.
• Further examples
• His eyesight is too poor to read such
  small letters.
• Thats too much heavy for you to
  lift.
• It was too late for there to be any
  taxis.
• He is too excited to remain calm.
• It isnt still not too warm to swim
  now.
• The visibility was too bad for him to
  see anything just a few feet in front of him
  clearly.
• 2. , if not harder. if I cannot work harder
  than he did.
• 3. Have you been to see the old scientist?
• In this sentence, the have/ has been
  to-V structure, instead of indicating the
  perfect, means
• Have you ever been there to see (or
  Have you ever called on ) the old scientist?

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• 4. Yes, but people enjoy skating an skiing.
• Enjoy takes a gerund as its object and
  means to get happiness from (things or
  experience). e. g.
• I always enjoy going to the movies.
• I enjoyed playing piano very much.
• She enjoys taking a walk with her
  daughter.
• 5. You must miss the hot weather sometimes,
  dont you?
• To miss here means to feel sorry or unhappy
  at the absence or loss of (something).
• More examples with miss in this sense
• He missed the sunshine when he returned to
  England after 4 years in a hot country.
• The old man sometimes told his children
  that theyd miss him when he was dead.
• The mother missed her daughter who was
  away at college.
• Very often miss can take a gerund as its
  object, as in I miss living in the country.
• 6. , easier said than done.
• This is a saying meaning harder to do than
  to talk about.
• More examples

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• The essence of going on a diet is to eat
  less often easier said than done and keep
  eating less than before.
• Forcing a child to eat is easier said than
  done.
• 7. It isnt easy to keep up though
• Notice that the subject it is a personal
  pronoun which is different from the it used as
  the formal subject. Here, it stands for
  stamp-collecting.
• to keep up to continue to practise,
  observe not allow to lapse or to be neglected.
• Further example with keep up
• Although the children knew all about
  the myth of Father Christmas, they still lied to
  keep up the old Christmas customs.
• Im glad that youre keeping up your
  studies.
• Jane will have to keep up her piano
  practice if she wants to be a professional
  concert performer.
• When people move to another country,
  they often try to keep up the customs of their
  native land.
• If only I had kept up on my German, I
  might have got that job in Berlin.

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Text Using the Suns Energy

• A young housewife in Mexico looks into the
  cooking pot to see if the food she is cooking is
  done. She is especially interested in her dinner
  because she is using a new kind of cooker one
  that gets its heat directly from the sun. The sun
  is shining onto a large plate like a mirror. It
  heats the plate enough to boil water and cook
  food. The housewife is happy to have the new
  cooker because she will not have to spend so much
  on electricity because she will not have to spend
  so much on electricity she can also use it if
  the electricity in the house goes off and she is
  not able to use her electric stove.
• For the last two centuries we have been
  using more and more coal, oil and gas. These
  fuels will not last forever. Moreover, in many
  places electricity is in short supply. Some
  scientists believe solar energy is the only kind
  which can meet the worlds enormous need for
  power. The problem has been to find a way to use
  the tremendous power. The problem has been to
  find a way to use the tremendous power which the
  earth receives from the sun every day.

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• Great progress has been made. Not
  only is the sun now used for cooking, but it also
  supplies power for such things as beacon lights
  for ships and airplanes it operates telephone
  lines, movie cameras, portable radios, electric
  clocks, and hearing aids. It is also being used
  to operate communications satellites. Some homes
  and office buildings in the United States are now
  being heated with solar energy. In one country in
  the Middle East, several new apartment houses use
  solar power for heating in winter and cooling in
  summer.
• The three types of solar equipment
  used so far are the furnace, the still, and the
  cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air, providing
  a heat supply for a building. Some solar furnaces
  can produce temperatures as high as 7,500 degrees
  Fahrenheit (about 4,149 degrees Centigrade),
  which means that they can be used in industry.
• Solar stills are especially important
  because they can provide fresh. One very simple
  type of still can also get small amounts of water
  from the earth even in a desert!
• The most highly developed and most
  useful type of solar power equipment is the solar
  cell. One of the cells biggest advantages is
  that it can be made small enough to carry. It can
  also be made large enough to produce enough power
  to run a car.

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• Another advantage of the solar cell
  is that it has a very long life. It is still very
  expensive, but when ways are discovered to
  produce it more cheaply, it sill be used very
  widely.

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• Notes to Text A
• 8. It heats the plate enough to boil water and
  cook food.
• Enough is an adverb here, meaning
  sufficiently, adequately until no more is
  needed. One more example
• Have you played enough?
• 9. shs is not able to use her electric stove.
• Compare able with capable.
• Able means having the power, skill,
  knowledge, time, etc., necessary to do sth. e. g.
• As I had plenty of money, I was (better /
  more) able to help her.
• Further examples with able with other
  meanings
• He is a more able (cleverer) actor
  than I thought.
• She is old but still able(-skilled).
• Capable sometimes means able and clever
  indicating potential, as in
• He is a capable doctor.
• He is capable but not very friendly.

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• My son is capable in history but not in
  English.
• Able is very often followed by an infinitive,
  as in
• Will you be able to come?
• I was able to reach the handle.
• Capable is followed by of, as in
• She is capable of crimes.
• Lets see what you are capable of
  doing.
• 10. enormous Compare it with huge and
  immense.
• All the three words mean unusually large.
• Huge suggests massive and bulkiness, as in
• As suggested by its name, Mammoth Cave
  is huge.
• She spent huge amount of money for that
  car.
• A St. Bernard is a huge dog.
• Immense means so large or great in anyway as
  to be impossible to measure by ordinary standards
  of measurements, as in

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• I cooked an immense quantity of food.
• The national debt is immense.
• Enormous means normally or excessively large,
  as in
• The banquet was held in an enormous room.
• I have an enormous appetite.
• 11. Not only is the sun but it also supplies
• More examples with the same structure
• Not only did he complain about the
  food, but the also refused to pay for it.
• When I went to collect my car last
  week, not only did the garage overcharge me, but
  they hadnt done a very good repair job either.
• 12. Communications used as a plural noun in
  communications sattelites.
• 13. The still aparatus for making liquors
  (brandy whisky, etc.) by distilling.
• The still is used in one way to take the
  salt out of the sea water,
• The verb form is distil(l), meaning to make
  (a liquid) into gas and then make the gas into
  liquid, as when separating alcohol from water.
  The process is called distillation.

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• 14. That it can be made small enough to carry.
• Verb pattern. See Drill E, L. 12, Students
  Bk(2)
• 15. when ways are discovered to produce it more
  cheaply,
• To produce it more cheaply modifies the
  subject ways in this clause. The attribute is
  separated from the word it modifies by the verb.
  This can also occur when the attribute is a
  clause or other types of phrases.
• More examples
• A new way has been found of
  monitoring the action of the various machines.
• Use must be made of the thermal
  energy stored under ground.
• All is well that ends well.
• Scientists believe that the day will
  come when we can speak to or even talk with a
  computer in any language we like to use.

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Notes to the Text

• 1. Not only is the sun now used in cooking
• Inversion occurs when not, never or other
  words of negative meaning are put at the
  beginning of a sentence for the sake of emphasis.
  Compare, for instance,
• He didnt say a word.
• Not a word did he say.
• Other words of negative meaning include
  hardly, scarcely, few, little, seldom, rarely,
  (not) only. e. g.
• Hardly had I left before the trouble started.
• Only later did they realize what a terrible
  mistake they had made.
• Little did he know how much suffering she had
  gone through.
• 2. It is also being used to operate
  communications satellites.
• Communications satellites are artificial
  satellites that function as part of a global

24

• radio- communications network. Echo, the
  first communications satellite, was launched in
  August, 1960. Earlybird was the first commercial
  communications satellite. Such satellites circle
  the earth once in every twenty-four hours so that
  they remain over a single spot on the earths
  surface.
• 3. 7,500 degrees Fahrenheit (about 4,149 degrees
  Centigrade)
• Fahrenheit was formerly widely used in
  English-speaking countries, but in the late
  1960s and early 70s many of these countries
  began changing to the more convenient Centigrade
  temperature scale (also known as Celsius). A
  notable exception is the United States.

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Oral and Written Work

• 1. Group work
• Discuss in your group the following questions and
  report your arguments to the class.
• 1) Is it more important to cut down waste of
  energy or to explore new sources of energy?
• 2) What will happen to the world of all the coal,
  gas and oil are used up? Do you think this will
  happen?
• 3) What are your views on nuclear power stations?
• 4) Is solar energy a feasible solution of the
  energy problem?
• 2. Read the dialogue and be prepared to answer
  the following questions in class
• 1) Whos talking to whom? How close are they
  socially?
• 2) Where do you think the conversation is taking
  place?
• 3) What are they talking about?
• Ted Hi, there, George. What do you think or my
  new car?

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• George Is it really yours?
• Ted Well, not yet, but Id like to buy it. Do
  you think I ought to?
• George I think you ought to be careful. It looks
  all right, but you can never tell.
• Ted How does the motor sound to you?
• George Im not sure, but it sounds as if there
  might be trouble.
• Ted It sounds all right to me.
• George And the tyres seem worn.
• Ted Oh, there are a few little things wrong with
  it, but Im going to buy it any way.

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Grammar

• Anticipatory It and Emphatic It
• 1. Anticipatory it
• when an infinitive is the subject of a
  sentence, we usually begin the sentence with it
  and put the infinitive later. We say, for
  instance, It is easy to criticize instead of
  To criticize is easy.
• Anticipatory it may also be used as object in
  a sentence
• We found it impossible to cross the
  river.
• He thought it best to say nothing.
• It can be used in the same way when the
  subject of a sentence is a clause. e. g.
• It is strange that he has not returned.
• It occurred to me that he might have
  forgotten about the meeting.
• 2. Emphatic it

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• When we want to emphasize the subject, the
  object or the adverbial in a sentence, we can use
  the construction it is (was) that (who, where,
  etc.) The relative pronoun which is not
  normally used in to.
• It was Benjamin Franklin who invented
  the lightning conductor.
• It was a very small audience that I
  read my poems to.
• It was in 1945 that he first met Elsie.
• It was by sheer accident that they
  discovered the lost treasure.

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Exercises

• Phonetics
• 1. Put emphasis on the parts in italics by
  reconstructing each sentence using the it is /
  was that pattern
• 1) Kuwait is rich in oil resources.
• 2) The biggest hydro-electric power station will
  be built at the Sanmen Gorge.
• 3) In 1960 the first communications satellite was
  launched.
• 4) The solar cell is the most highly developed
  and most useful type of solar energy.
• 5) The trouble between town and gown in Oxford
  caused some students and their teachers to leave.
• 6) It is said that John Montagu Sandwich invented
  sandwiches.
• 7) The great English playwright William
  Shakespeare was born in 1564.
• 8) She did not return until she had finished all
  her work.

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• 2. Translate
• 1) ??????????????
• 2)???????????????
• 3)?????????????
• 4)?????????????? (give a good account of)?
• 5)??????????????????
• 6)?????????????? (to be amused)?
• 7)??????????????
• 8)??????????
• 9)??????????????
• 10)????????????????,??????????????
• 3. Rewrite the following sentences, making sure
  to change the part of speech of the underlined
  words
• Model No one knows the value of the
  newly-found metal.
• No one knows how valuable the
  newly-found metal is.

31

• 1) Is there any possibility of getting some spare
  tickets now?
• 2) He doesnt seem to know the seriousness of the
  situation.
• 3) The production of the new semi-conductor has
  not been easy.
• 4) No one seems to doubt the importance of spoken
  English.
• 5) I was rather surprised at the way he behaved.
• 6) I dont know the difference between reason
  and cause.
• 7) They are not sure whether there has been any
  improvement in the economic situation.
• 8) We got the warning that the journey might be
  dangerous.
• 9) The prevention of diseases is more important
  than cure.
• 10) He hardly realized how much time they had
  spent on the preparation of the meeting.
• 4. Translate, using various forms of have to
• 1)??????????
• 2)??????,????????????
• 3)??????,????????
• 4)???????????

32

• 5)????????????????????
• 6)???????????????
• 7)???????????????
• 8)????? ?????????????

33

• KEY TO THE EXERCLSES
• 1.1) It is Kuwait that is rich in oil resources.
• 2) It is at the Sanmen Gorge that the biggest
  hydroelectric power station will be built.
• 3) It was in 1960 that the first
  communications satellite was launched.
• 4) It is the solar cell that is the most
  highly developed and most useful type of solar
  energy.
• 5) It was the trouble between town and gown
  in Oxford that caused some students and their
  teachers to leave.
• 6) It was John Montagu Sandwich who is said to
  have invented sandwiches.
• 7) It was in 1564 that the great English
  playwright William Shakespeare was born.
• 8) It was not until she had finished all her
  work that she returned.
• 2.1) I didnt know what he meant by saying that.
• 2) What we are doing now is very important.
• 3) What he has just said is very helpful/ a
  help / of great help to us.
• 4) he has given a good account of military
  life.

34

• 5) What you are now trying / attempting to do/
  accomplish is really too difficult for you.
• 6) We are greatly amused at/ by what youve
  told us.
• 7) I dont know what hell do about this.
• 8) What you are doing is none of my business.
• 9) Tell me what you are going to do in the
  summer vacation.
• 10) What youve just said reminds us that we
  must pay attention to grammar. But what is the
  most important is the content of a composition.
• 3.1) Is it still possible to get some spare
  tickets now?
• 2) He doesnt seem to know how serious the
  situation is.
• 3) It has not been easy to produce the new
  semiconductor.
• 4) No one seems to doubt how important spoken
  English is.
• 5) I was rather surprised at his behaviour.
• 6) I dont know/ have no idea how reason is
  different from cause/ how different reason
  and cause are from each other.

35

• 7) They are not sure whether the economic
  situation has been improved/ has improved.
• 8) We were warned that the journey might be
  dangerous.
• 9) To prevent diseases is more important than
  to cure them.
• 10) He hardly realized how much time they had
  spent (in) preparing the meeting.
• 4.1) Im afraid youll have to stay in bed for a
  few more days.
• 2) Since its already the time, we have to get
  or the train without him.
• 3) We didnt have to wait long. He was only 5
  minutes late.
• 4) He often had to get up during the night to
  feed the horses.
• 5) Do we have to move all the furniture out
  when we whitewash the room?
• 6) They had to consult a lot of reference
  books before they found (out) the answer.
• 7) For a long time he has had to rely on help
  from his neighbours.
• 8) You may have to ask the leadership for
  permission before you leave for Guangzhou.

36
Test

• I. Vocabulary and structure
• 1.

37
Chinese Translation of the Text

• ??????
• ???????????????????,????????????????
  ????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ??,??????????????????????????????,???????????,????
  ?????????,???????????
• ??????,??????????????????????
  ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????,??????
  ????? ??????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????

38

• ??,??????????????????????????,??????????????
  ?,???????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????,???????????????????7500???(?4149???)???,???
  ?,??????????
• ?????????????,??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????,????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ????????????,??????????????????,???????????