Computers and Networking Systems

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Computers and Networking Systems

• Class 6.2

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Chapter 12

• Notebooks, PDAs, and Printers

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You Will Learn

• How to support, upgrade, and add peripheral
  devices to notebooks
• About technologies relating to personal digital
  assistants (PDAs)
• How printers work and how to troubleshoot them

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Notebook Computers

• Use same technology as PCs, but with
  modifications
• Use less power
• Take up less space
• Can withstand movement and jars
• Use thin LCD panels for display
• Use small memory modules and CPUs
• Cost more than comparable PCs

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Notebook Computers

• Power sources
• AC adapter
• DC adapter
• Battery pack

• Types of batteries
• Ni-Cad (nickel-cadmium)
• NiMH (nickel-metal-hydride)
• Lithium Ion
• Future battery solution
• Fuel cell battery

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Notebooks versus PCs

• Notebooks
• Generally purchased as a whole unit not likely
  to upgrade hardware and OS
• Tend to be proprietary
• Have some universal support issues, but
  procedures vary between brands
• PCs
• Highly modular
• Components can be interchanged, upgraded, and
  enhanced

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Types of Memory Used by Notebooks
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Upgrading Memory
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Comparing Hard Drives
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Replacing a Hard Drive
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Connecting Peripheral Devicesto Notebooks

• Port on notebook itself
• Port replicator
• Docking station
• PC Card
• Also called PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card
  International Association) Card
• USB port

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Connecting Peripheral Devices via Notebook Ports
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Connecting Peripheral Devices via a Port
Replicator
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Example of a Docking Station
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Connecting Peripheral Devices via PC Cards
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PC Cards

• Once intended only for memory cards, PC Card
  slots are now used by many devices
• Four standards
• Latest specification CardBus
• Improves I/O speed
• Increases bus width to 32 bits
• Supports lower-voltage PC Cards while maintaining
  backward compatibility
• Three types (Type I, Type II, and Type III),
  which vary in thickness

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PC Cards

• OS must provide two services
• Socket service
• Card service
• Might contain a data cable to an external drive,
  or might be self-contained
• Other smaller slots include one for a Secure
  Digital (SD) Card and one for a Compact Flash
  Card
• Can be hot-swapped
• Can interface with a network

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PC Cards
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PC Cards
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PC Cards
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Using a PC Card to Interface with a Network
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Adding Devices with a USB Port
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Supporting Notebooks

• Apply same troubleshooting guidelines as for
  desktop PCs
• Be aware of warranty issues
• Loaded OS and hardware configuration are
  specific see documentation for details

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PDAs

• Small, handheld computers with their own OS and
  applications
• Battery powered
• Use either a grayscale or color active matrix or
  dual-scan passive matrix display
• Can sometimes benefit from additional memory
• Include a stylus
• Might use an AC/DC adapter
• Might have fold-out keyboard option

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PDAs
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Optional Accessories for PDAs
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Considerations When Purchasing a PDA

• What applications come with it what can be added
  later?
• Easy to use? Thorough documentation?
• Is synchronization easy?
• What support is available from manufacturer?
• Type of batteries? Battery life?

continued
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Considerations When Purchasing a PDA

• Can it use e-mail and the Web? Extra hardware or
  software required?
• Can additional devices be purchased?
• What OS does it use? How easy to use?
• What is the warranty?
• What is the price?

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Battery Life on a PDA

• Short battery life is the one largest complaint
  risk losing data and applications if battery runs
  all the way down
• Use cradle and adapter

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Applications on a PDA

• Some come with all application software
  preinstalled
• Some require user to download applications at
  additional cost
• Some support applications that come preinstalled
  and cannot download others
• Some allow downloading e-mail or Web site content
• Some can access Internet directly by way of a
  modem or wireless connection

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Connecting a PDA to a PC

• Synchronization
• Process by which PDA and PC talk to each other
  through universal cradle, cable, and USB or
  serial connection
• Capabilities
• Backup information from PDA to PC
• Work with PDA files on PC and download
  applications from Web
• Some PDAs synchronize with a desktop or notebook
  computer through wireless technology

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PDA Operating Systems

• Principal difference between the two main OSs for
  PDAs is in the applications they support
• Pocket PC
• More versatile
• Palm OS
• Less complex
• Easier to use
• Best choice for simple tasks

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Printers

• Local printers connect directly to computer via
  parallel port, serial port, USB port, infrared
  connection, wireless connection, IEEE 1394 port,
  SCSI port, or PC Card connection
• Network printers are accessed over the network

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Main Types of Printers

• Laser
• Ink-jet
• Dot-matrix
• Thermal printers and solid ink printers

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Laser Printers

• Use electrophotographic process
• Range from small, personal desktop models to
  large network printers capable of handling and
  printing large volumes continuously
• Require interaction of mechanical, electrical,
  and optical technologies

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How a Laser Printer Works

• Places toner on electrically charged rotating
  drum
• Deposits toner on paper as paper moves through
  the system at same speed the drum is turning

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Six Steps of Laser Printing

• Cleaning
• Conditioning
• Writing
• Developing
• Transferring
• Fusing

• Take place inside toner cartridge
• Use components that undergo the most wear

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Six Steps of Laser Printing
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Step 1 Cleaning
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Step 2 Conditioning

• Conditions drum to contain a high electrical
  charge

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Step 3 Writing

• Laser beam discharges a lower charge to only
  those places where toner is to go

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Step 3 Writing

• Data from PC is received by formatter (1) and
  passed to DC controller (2) which controls laser
  unit (3)
• Scanning mirror (4) is turned clockwise by
  scanning motor
• Laser beam is reflected off scanning mirror,
  focused by focusing lens (5) and sent to the
  mirror (6)
• Mirror deflects laser beam to a slit in the
  removable cartridge and on to the drum (7)

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Step 3 Writing
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Step 4 Developing

• Toner is placed onto the drum where the charge
  has been reduced

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Step 4 Developing
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Step 5 Transferring

• Strong electrical charge draws toner off drum
  onto paper takes place outside the cartridge

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Step 6 Fusing

• Heat and pressure fuse toner to paper

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Ink-Jet Printers

• Small
• Print color inexpensively
• Tend to smudge on inexpensive paper
• Slower than lasers

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How an Ink-Jet Printer Works

• Print head moves across paper, creating one line
  of text with each pass
• Shoots ionized ink at a sheet of paper in a
  matrix of small dots
• Several technologies are used to form ink
  droplets (eg, bubble-jet)
• Uses ink cartridges

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Ink-Jet Cartridges
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Photo-Quality Ink-Jet Printers

• New generation of ink-jet printers that give
  photo-quality results
• Mix different colors of ink to produce a new
  color that then makes a single dot

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Dot-Matrix Printers

• Less expensive lesser quality
• Impact printer can print multicopy documents
• Print head moves across width of the paper, using
  pins to print a matrix of dots on the page
• Uses a ribbon
• If print head fails, buy a new printer

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Dot-Matrix Printers
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Thermal Printers andSolid Ink Printers

• Relatively new printer technologies
• Non-impact printers that use heat to produce
  printed output

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Thermal Printers

• Use wax-based ink that is heated by heat pins
  that melt ink onto paper
• Internal logic of the printer determines which
  pins get heated in order to produce the printed
  image
• Popular in retail applications for printing bar
  codes and price tags
• Can burn dots onto special paper or use a ribbon
  that contains wax-based ink

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Solid Ink Printers

• Store ink in solid blocks that are easy to
  handle several can be inserted in printer to be
  used as needed
• Solid ink is melted into the print head which
  spans the width of the paper
• Head jets the liquid ink onto the paper as it
  passes by on a drum

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Solid Ink Printers

• Advantages
• Simple design
• Excellent print quality
• Easy to set up and maintain
• Disadvantage
• Time it takes (15 minutes) for the print head to
  heat up

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Installing a Local Printer

• Physically attach printer to computer (via
  parallel, serial, USB, SCSI, IEEE 1394 port PC
  Card or Infrared connection or wireless access
  point)
• Install printer drivers
• Have Windows do it
• Use printer manufacturers installation program
  (best way)
• Alternately, use Windows Printer window to
  install
• Test the printer

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Installing a Network Printer

• Network printer contains a NIC and connects
  directly to the network or is shared on the
  network by another PC
• Can use Network Neighborhood or My Network Places
  to install a network printer on a remote PC

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Printer Maintenance

• Procedures vary widely from manufacturer to
  manufacturer and printer to printer
• Make sure consumables for the printer are on hand
• Research printer documentation or manufacturers
  Web site for specific maintenance tips
• Clean inside and outside of the printer

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General Printer Troubleshooting

• Isolate the problem
• Application attempting to use the printer
• OS and printer drivers
• Connectivity between PC and printer
• Printer itself

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Addressing Printer Problems Caused by Hardware

• Verify a printer self-page can print
• Problem with printer cable

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Problems with Laser Printers

• Poor print quality due to low toner
• Printer stays in warm-up mode
• Paper Jam or Paper Out message is displayed
• Printer images are distorted
• Printing is slow
• A portion of the page does not print

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Problems with Ink-Jet Printers

• Print quality is poor
• Printing is intermittent or absent
• Lines or dots are missing from the printed page
• Ink streaks appear on the printed page

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To Clean Ink-Jet Nozzles
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Problems with Dot-Matrix Printers

• Print quality is poor
• Print head moves back and forth, but nothing
  prints

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Chapter Summary

• Devices that provide for greater portability and
  how to support them
• Notebook computers Personal digital assistants
  (PDAs)
• Printers and how to support them