Mgt. 667 Leadership Week 7

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Mgt. 667 LeadershipWeek 7

• Rex Mitchell
• Spring 2006

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Leadership assessment development plans

• Some excellent, almost all quite good
• Most made good use of data, were honest, had
  introspection
• Better plans were specific focused
• Are more likely to try new behaviors when you
  think through (better to role-play) how you will
  try them in a specific situation
• How to gauge progress?
• Helps to disclose your plans
• Need to continue actions past next week!

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• Power potential ability to influence behavior,
  events get people to do things they would not do
  otherwise
• Influence, politics processes actions through
  which potential power is used
• Leadership art of mobilizing others to want to
  struggle for shared aspirations

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Sources of Power
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Sources of Power

• Formal authority reputation
• Resources
• System connections positioning
• Expertise
• Personal

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1. Formal authority reputation

• Should distinguish between these
• Formal authority particularly important where?
• Military
• Police
• Some government organizations
• Formal relatively less important where?
• New organizations
• High-tech, RD organizations
• Universities

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2. Resources

• Control
• Acquisition
• Creation
• giving ability to reward and punish

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3. System connections positioning

• Centrality
• Political access
• Visibility
• Relevance (alignment)
• Criticality
• Discretion
• Non-substitutability

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4. Expertise

• KSAs (knowledge, skills, abilities)
• Performance
• Professional credibility
• Fit with organizational needs priorities

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5. Personal

• Charisma
• Attractiveness
• Energy, stamina
• Focus
• Determination
• Interpersonal skills
• Personal reputation
• Flexibility
• Able to engage effectively, even confront
• Able to let others get credit

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LBJ Example

• At 23, in 1931, arrived in Washington as
  secretary to Congressman Richard Kleberg
• Saw Little Congress (inactive secretaries
  club) as opportunity
• Got himself elected Speaker of it
• Transformed it with speakers, then press, then
  members of congress
• Provided press with information access,
  politicians with coverage, and aides with
  involvement

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LBJ - 2

• While still secretary to Congressman Kleberg,
  cultivated connections and friendships with
  powerful figures
• Got huge extra allocation of patronage jobs for
  Kleberg
• Tireless in efforts to know be known by others

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LBJ - 3

• Elected to Congress in 1938 at age of 30
• Very active in getting public works projects for
  his district
• This led to ample contributions
• Particularly cultivated Sam Rayburn (lonely,
  Texan, powerful Speaker of the House)
• Elected senator in 1948
• Changed political stance to conservative
• Manic schedule, first with helicopter
• Won primary by 87 votes in over a million, all
  from a suspicious ballot box from one county

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LBJ - 4

• Cultivated Richard Russell
• Molded self as a conservative Southerner
• Elected Minority Whip, then Minority Leader, then
  Majority Leader in 1954
• Built his good old boy network in the Senate
  and beyond, including Pres. Eisenhower
• Tremendous energy, long hours
• Focused, avoided oil deals, considering future
  plans to run for president

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LBJ - 5

• Social events for political purposes
• Proposed to wife on first date
• Lost 1960 nomination to JFK, became his VP, then
  President in 1963
• Moved between conservative and liberal, e.g.,
  Great Society program
• Continued to use the Johnson treatment
  (intensively working over others with charm,
  promises, threats and/or intimidation)

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LBJ - 6

• Not just the Vietnam War caused loss of power
• He lost power primarily by not changing as the
  environment changed around him, and consequently
  did not run for reelection in 1968
• Problems with old ways (private, secret deals,
  telling different things to different people)
• Different reactions to the Johnson treatment
• TV and media had become very important

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Exercise on Instrument 5(Sources of Power)

• In groups, one starts with description of person
  picked
• Give scores on five sources discuss conclusions
  between scores experience of the person
• Group helps extend enrich discussion
• Repeat with another person

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Engaging with Readings

• What are my reactions to this thoughts,
  feelings?
• What do I agree with, like, want to remember and
  use? Why?
• What do I disagree with, wish were different,
  would change, would expand on...? Why?
• What connections expansions can I make from my
  experience?

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Pfeffer on Sources of Power

• Ch. 4-9
• Your
• Reactions
• Agreements
• Disagreements
• Expansions

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How about

• (111) Three aspects of centrality
• Betweenness
• Connectedness
• Proximity/closeness
• (135-7) Self-fulfilling prophecies
• (143) Performance means
• Being knowledgeable
• Protecting the boss
• Making the boss and unit look good

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Framing
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Framing

• Selecting emphasizing certain aspects
• Excluding or minimizing others
• Clarifying objectives and constraints
• Provides context for discussion or negotiations

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Framing Example

• Things are so uncertain with our business, we'd
  better not "rock the boat!"
• Our business is in such a nose dive, we must do
  something different right away or we will lose it
  all!
• Our business has major troubles. We need some
  help in diagnosing the problems and developing
  solutions.

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Another 3-Part Framing Example

• 1. This is land settled by our ancestors
  thousands of years ago, under direction from God,
  resettled by our fathers over half a century ago,
  and developed and improved by our people since.
  This land is vital to the protection of our
  people from the criminal terrorist attacks of the
  Palestinians, who Palestinian leaders have
  refused to control. We must never give up one
  inch of this land!

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• 2. This is land inhabited by our ancestors for
  thousands of years. This land is vital to the
  development of a viable Palestinian homeland,
  which should be an independent Palestinian state.
  There can be no peace until we regain our
  rightful possession of this land!

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• 3. This is very special land, characterized by
  thousands of years of history involving ancestors
  of you both. It has historical and religious
  importance for both of you. You both have a
  sincere desire to find a solution to the conflict
  that allows you to share this land in an
  appropriate way and that provides a basis for
  your people to live side-by-side in peace.

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Example of Reframing

• From She is not a team player
• To She is unusually clear about what she wants

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Another Reframing Example

• From Your demands are ridiculous and youre
  trying to put me out of business!
• To Although you object to my last proposal, I
  still believe you are willing to work with me to
  develop a solution that we both can live with.

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Framing Exercise

• Individually, pick a conflict situation you know
  well
• Write out (briefly) a frame from the standpoint
  of two different parties
• Develop a third frame that might bridge between
  the initial two frames
• Share some examples

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Framing can

• Determine which issues get attention
• How the issues will be approached
• Provide opportunities to explain reasoning
• Create a bridge between parties in conflict
• Be misused and abused
• Help leaders manage meaning to mobilize others
  to want to struggle for shared aspirations

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Next (Last) Time

• Rest of Pfeffer book
• Do score Instrument 6
• Read cases 7 8 make notes on questions
• Integrative paper
• One-page progress report on leadership
  development plan implementation so far
• Peer ratings class evaluation