Internal Structure of City

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Internal Structure of City

• Urban Land Use Pattern

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Types of Land Use

• There are different types of land use such as
• Commercial land use
• Residential land use
• Industrial land use
• Institutional land use
• Transportation land use
• Recreational land use

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Functional Segregation

• Similar activities tend to aggregate together
  because of
• Similar locational requirements and
• External economies of scale
• different types activities are separated from
  each other because
• Different locational requirements
• Different rent-paying ability
• Conflicts amongst them

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Bid Rent Mechanism

• Land rent decreases with increasing distance from
  city centre
• competition for land and accessibility push up
  the land value/rent
• different land use has different rent curve
• because they have different demand for
  accessibility and space

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Commercial land use

• needs large number of people to support their
  business
• Greater market threshold
• highest demand for accessibility
• require less space
• Can afford higher rent

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Residential land use

• Accessibility is not important
• require more space (especially high class
  residential area)
• cannot afford high rent

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Industrial land use

• Accessibility is not very important
• require large area of space
• cannot afford high unit rent
• There is great difference between light and heavy
  industry

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Bid Rent Curve
Rent (/m2)
City centre
Distance (km)
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Bid Rent Curve
Rent (/m2)
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Demand for Space

• High order retailing business locates nearer to
  _______________ comparing with wholesaling
  business because it can afford higher rent and
  occupies ____________ space.
• High class residential area locates
  ____________________ city centre so as to get
  more space.
• Heavy industries locate in suburban because
  ____________________ is needed.

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Concentric Model
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Industrial area can be found along the
__________and __________because
river
railway
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Low class residential areas are located next to
___________and ___________________ because

• C.B.D.

industrial area
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High class residential area can also be found
next to _________ and _______________________
becauseIt is also be located away from
__________________ because

• sea shore

the Governors house
industrial area
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Mutual Relationship between Different Types of
Land Use

• Some land uses are mutually exclusive
• Some land uses are mutually support
• This will lead to segregation and aggregation of
  land uses

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Impact of transport network
Industrial area
Middle class residential area
Low class residential area
High class residential area
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• Multiple Nuclei Model

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Harris Ullman Multiple nuclei Model
Burgess Concentric Model
Hoyt Sectoral Model
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Other Factors

• Government planning
• New town planning
• Land use zoning
• Urban renewal
• Physical factors
  e.g. Relief
• Historical factors
• Behavioural factors

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• Central Business District(C.B.D.) is located at
  __________ of the city.
• Since the C.B.D. is near to the docks and
  harbour, it is believed that the early function
  of the city was ____.
• The rise of regional centres because

heart
port
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• At some junction of arterial / major transport
  routes
• Relatively high accessibility
• Especially accessible to the local population
• Reach the market threshold of some middle order
  goods / services

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Hierarchy of Business Centre

• C.B.D.
• Regional business centres
• Community business centres

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regional function
community function
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If the level of accessibility of the street
junction deteriorates as a result of urban
blight, how would the bid-rent curves and land
use pattern be affected?
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Main road
Higher accessibility
Side street
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Mong Kok, Causeway Bay
Shun Lee Shopping centre
Shun On Shopping centre
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specialized functional commercial areas

• External economies of scale /
• Agglomeration benefits
• Reputation
• Similar requirements
• Ancillary services
• e.g. Golden Shopping Centre

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highway-oriented shopping ribbons
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Harris Ullman Multiple nuclei Model
Burgess Concentric Model
Hoyt Sectoral Model
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Vertical Zonation
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• Central Business District
• Mixed land use zone
• Residential area

• Zone A is
• Zone B is
• Zone C is

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Central Business District
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Characteristics of CBD

• heart of city
• focus of major transport routes
• highest accessibility
• limited space
• keen competition of land use
• highest rent
• tall buildings
• modern buildings

• high order retailing business
• airline companies
• traffic congestion
• vertical zonation
• Central District
• Tsim Sha Tsui

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Mixed land use

• Urban decay
• slum / poor living environment
• lack of open space
• traffic congestion
• Pollution
• hawkers
• poor sanitation
• high crime rate

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Mixed land use

• Lower buildings
• vertical zonation - commercial land use occupies
  the lower floors
• residential land use occupies the upper floors
• higher order shops are located at main streets
  lower order shops are located at side-streets
• factories and workshops are found in back street

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Urban Population Density
Population Density
City Centre
Distance
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Change of Population Density over time
Urban expansion
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Comparison
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Western Vs Non-western Cities
Suburbanization counter-urbanization
Rural-urban migration influx of population
Good transport network
Poor tarnsportation development
Good economic development
Poor economic development
Well-developed C.B.D.
Limited high order business
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Urban sprawl, suburbanization, counter-urbanizatio
n
Urban push
Rural pull