Pemantapan Teknologi

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(No Transcript)
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Innovation
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Contents

• Introduction
• Definition of Innovation
• What is innovation
• Why innovate
• When to innovate
• How
• Innovation processes
• Paradigm change
• Building innovative organisation

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We now live in the age of Innovation
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Time
Firm
Focus
Market demand
1960 1970 1980 1990
price price, quality price, quality,
choice, time of delivery price, quality,
choice, time,uniqueness
efficiency efficiency quality efficiency
quality flexibility efficiency quality
flexibility innovativeness
the efficientfirm the quality firm the
flexible firm the innovativefirm
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What is innovation ?
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Innovation has been defined as

• The commercialisation of all new combinations
  based upon the application of
• New material and components
• Introduction of new processes
• Opening of new market
• Introduction of new organisational form

J. Schumpeter
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What is invention ?

• Invention is a change in technology

Invention commercialisation
Innovation
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Building up sustainable competitive advantage
through permanent innovation
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To be able to permanently innovate, knowledge
management is key
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Innovation is the golden route to building a
growing and prosperous company
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By means of innovation

• By introducing new technologies (T)
• Has applications in form of new products and
  services (A)
• The development of new markets (M)
• Introducing new organisational forms (O)

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Sources of innovation
Competitors
RelatedIndustries
suppliers
customers
Private andpubliclaboratories
Universities
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Recognising the potential of an innovation

• This telephone has too many shortcomings to be
  seriously considered as a means of communication.
  The device is inherently of no value to us
• Western Union internal memo, 1876
• I think there is a world market for maybe five
  computers.
• Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM 1943
• The concept is interesting and well-formed, but
  in order to earn better than a C, the idea must
  be feasible.
• A Yale University management professor in
  response to Fred Smiths paper proposing reliable
  overnight delivery service. (Smith went on to
  found Federal Express.)

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Communication bottlenecks
Rate of technological progress
Multiprocessors computers
Speed of light
Single-processors computers
Effort
Supercomputer S curves
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• LSI.VLSI
• Personal computers
• Workstations
• Watches (1973) SSI, MSI
• Minicomputers (1969)
• Cash registers (1969)

Integrated circuits
Electronics
Transistors
Cheaper computersCalculators
Vacuum tubes
Electronic computers
Discontinuities within electronics
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Portable or car
Sales
Home

Product
Business of factory
Time, effort, and advances in technology
Many products have several life cycles
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Migration of innovations from business to home to
portable to car
Product
Innovation migration trend
Air conditioners Audio tape recorders Calculators
Central office switches Computers Electric
generators Electric motors Fax machines Medical
diagnostic equipment Microprocessors Movie
cameras Movies Radios Retailing Satellite
systems Still picture cameras Telephones VCRs
From business to home to car. Is this a mature
market? From sound studio to home to car to
portable being invaded by CDs From office to
home to portable to personal computers Used by
phone companies to connect calls. To private
business as private branch exchanges (PBX).
Where to next? Home or car? From government to
business or factory to home to notebook to
car. From utility companies to business to home
to portable. From electric train to business to
home to portable. From business to home to
computer. From hospital to home? From office
desktop to factory floor to home to car to
portable. From TV studio to home to portable to
Internet clients. From theater to home. From post
office to home to portable to car. From street
market to mall to home. From defense applications
to business to home. Where to next? Car and
individual? From studio to portable. To notebook
PC? From business to home to portable to car. To
notebook PC? From TV recording studio to home to
portable
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Organisational Paradigm Change
20th Century 21st Century
Stability, predictability Discontinuous
change, Continuous improvement
Size and scale Speed and responsiveness
Top-down command and control Empowerment,
leadership from everybody
Organisation rigidity Virtual organisations,
permanent flexibility
Control by rules and hierarchy Control by vision
and values
Information closely guarded Information shared
Rational, quantitative analysis Creativity,
intuition
Need for certainty Tolerance of ambiguity
Reactive risk-averse Proactive entrepreneurial
Process driven Results driven
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Organisational Paradigm Change
20th Century 21st Century
Corporate independence Interdependence strategic
alliancesand autonomy
Vertical integration Virtual integration
Internal organisational focus Focus on
competitive environment
Consensus Constructive contention
Domestic market orientation International focus
Competitive advantage Collaborative advantage
Sustainable competitive advantage Hyper-competitio
n, constant re-invention of advantage
Competing for todays markets Creating tomorrows
markets
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Building the 21st century organisation through
innovation

• Dont play by the dominant competitive rules of
  your industry
• Get innovative or get dead!
• Re-examine your company for hidden strategic
  assets, then leveraging them
• Create a bias for speed and action in your
  company
• Be proactive and experimental
• Break barrier

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Building the 21st century organisation through
innovation

• Use all your people, all of their skills, all of
  the time
• Globalise your perspective and knowledge base
• Admit that the eco-industrial revolution is well
  and truly upon us
• Turn organisational learning into a corporate
  religion
• Develop strategic performance measurement tools

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Any Question?!
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Thank You