Grade 11

1
Grade 11 Objective 1
2
1 The safest way to dilute concentrated
sulfuric acid is to add A a series of
small volumes of water to the acid while
stirring B the acid to water slowly while
stirring constantly C the acid to a small
volume of water and then add more water D
dilute sulfuric acid to a small volume of the
concentrated acid
3
2 A science class is conducting an
experiment that produces noxious fumes. Because
of inadequate ventilation, some students begin to
feel nauseated and dizzy. The first response
should be to A neutralize the acid that is
reacting to produce the noxious fumes B carry
the reactants outside, away from other
students C leave the room and go to an area
with fresh air D spray the reaction with a
fire extinguisher
4
3 All of these procedures must be
followed when using the setup shown above except
A putting on safety goggles B handling
the beaker with tongs C securing loose
clothing D wearing rubber gloves
5
4 Reactions that produce toxic gases
should be performed in a A laboratory fume
hood B beaker with a watch glass on top C
well-ventilated area of the lab D warm,
airtight drying oven
6
5 Classification symbols for certain fire
extinguishers are shown below. Which class of
fire extinguisher should be used when a
hot plate overheats and catches on
fire? F H G J
7
6 The label shown above contains
information about some harmful effects of
acetone. A group of students plans to use acetone
to rinse out a glass container. A second group
of students is working at the same lab table.
Which of the following lab procedures should the
second group of students avoid? A Heating
water with an open flame B Pouring hydrochloric
acid into a beaker C Filtering precipitates
from a liquid solution D Collecting oxygen from
plants in a test tube
8
7 The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied
in a dissection lab. Working in groups of
three, students make observations using a hand
lens, forceps, and a scalpel. Two of the students
in a group have finished their observations.
These two students may do all of the following
except A remove their goggles B review
their notes C wash their hands D assist their
lab partner
9
8 This picture indicates that the
chemical represented is F pressurized G
corrosive H flammable J toxic
10
9 When performing this activity, students
must remember to A label the equipment
used B keep hands away from face and mouth C
sterilize the dissecting needle before use D
disinfect the fur and feathers removed from the
pellet
11
10 Science can be divided into three broad
groups life science, physical science, and
Earth science. Which of these topics would most
likely involve a knowledge of concepts from all
three branches of science? A Patterns of
earthquakes B Aging of stars C Weathering
of rocks D Structure of water molecules
12
11 Which of these tables best represents an
experimental design used to test whether
cortisone relieves inflammation? A
C B D
13
12 This experiment probably was
set up to determine A how much mechanical
energy the battery produces B the pH of water
during electrolysis C the pressure created by
an electric current D how much energy is
converted to heat
14
13 The table shows times required
for water to evaporate from identical containers.
Which of these is the best question to ask
before developing a reasonable hypothesis to
explain the data? F Why does a lower
temperature slow the rate of evaporation? G
What is the boiling point of the water after both
samples are heated? H Why does water exist as
a solid at -15C and as a liquid at 25C? J
How does the rate of evaporation change when a
different container is used?
15
14 Which question is valid in testing
this hypothesis? F Do most other scientists
agree with the hypothesis? G Could abiotic
processes account for the carbon dioxide? H
What is the percent of argon compared to carbon
dioxide in the Martian atmosphere? J
Have the scientists other predictions about Mars
been validated?
16
15 Two science students discovered that the
mass of a sample of acetone in an open beaker
decreased within a few minutes. One student
hypothesized that the acetone reacted with oxygen
to form a gaseous compound that escaped. The
other student believed that the acetone
evaporated into the air. What should the students
do to test these hypotheses? F Combine the
hypotheses so they give valid predictions of the
acetones behavior G Conduct a study
of original papers describing the experiments
leading to acetones discovery H Perform
an experiment that attempts to identify the gas
above the open beaker J Ask a
classmates opinion about the chemical and
physical properties of acetone
17
16 Which of the following was probably
the hypothesis for this experiment? F The
growth of bread mold increases as temperature
increases. G The type of nutrient causes
bread mold to grow faster at higher
temperatures. H The size of the plates
determines the temperature of bread
mold. J The temperature of bread mold is
determined by the molds growth.
18
17 Which procedure is best to use when
determining the density of a rock? F Place
the rock in a water-filled beaker and find the
height at which the rock floats above the
water. G Use a ruler to measure the rocks
dimensions and then find its mass using
an analytical balance. H Measure the mass of
the rock on a balance and then find the
volume of water it displaces in a graduated
cylinder. J Place the rock in three liquids
with different known densities and
observe which liquid the rock floats in.
19
18 Which question could be formed
based on these data? F What types of plants
have increased productivity in different
habitats? G Is there a relationship between
productivity and bird diversity in a
habitat? H How does the number of birds in a
population affect habitats? J Do habitats
display changes in productivity and bird
diversity during different seasons?
20
19 The diagram shows different setups of
an experiment to determine how sharks find their
prey. Which experimental setup is the
control? F H G J
21
20 A catapult was designed to
project a small metal ball at a target. The
resulting data are shown in the table. Which of
these might explain the difference between the
calculated and actual distances? A The ball
landed short of the calculated distance because
of an increase in momentum. B Air
resistance caused the ball to land short of the
calculated distance. C Initial mass of
the ball changed with each trial. D The metal
ball was too small for accurate measurements to
be made.
22
21 Which is the best question to
ask before developing a reasonable hypothesis for
the phenomenon shown above? F Why does
water crystallize into a solid below 0C instead
of remaining a liquid? G How will the
freezing time from 20C to 15C change if each
container is covered? H Why does
boiling the water cause it to freeze more quickly
when cooled from 20C to 15C? J What
is the precise boiling point of the water in
Sample A after it has been heated?
23
22 The diagram shows an
experimental setup. Which of these questions was
this experiment designed to answer? A Does
water boil when exposed to air? B Will fire
turn a gas into a liquid? C Does air expand
when heated? D Will heat turn a gas into a
solid?
24
23 A ruler placed between one
students fingers and thumb is released without
warning. A second student catches the ruler. The
distance the ruler falls is recorded. This
experiment is most likely designed to determine
the F effects of stress on the first
students heart rate G acceleration of the
ruler during its fall H second students
reaction time to a stimulus J force applied
on a falling mass
25
24 Which set of equipment would be best to
use to test the effect of temperature on
solution acidity? F A balance and a
thermometer G A pH meter and a barometer H
A balance and litmus paper J A thermometer
and a pH meter
26
25 Which of these could be used to determine
whether a substance is a base? A
Thermometer B Litmus paper C Balance D
Bunsen burner
27
26 A medical researcher hypothesizes that a
newly developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be
the dependent variable in a study involving this
medication? A The number of participants in
the study B The ages of people treated for high
blood pressure with other medications C The
blood pressure of the participants in the
study D The number of people treated for high
blood pressure with other medications
28
27 The following hypothesis refers to iron in
the topsoil found on an island formed from
limestone. Which study would most likely
be used to investigate this hypothesis? A
Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos B
Determining the effects of iron on limestone C
Calculating erosion rates in African limestone
mines D Analyzing the content of comet dust
clouds
29
28 The picture above shows a
compound microscope. What part of the microscope
should be used to adjust the amount of light
illuminating a prepared slide? A Eyepiece B
Rotating nosepiece C Diaphragm D
Coarse-focus knob
30
Experimental Results 29 According to
these data, which question was most likely
answered by this activity? A How warm do
materials get when placed in an electric
circuit? B Will an electric current change a
metal into a nonmetal? C Which material
requires the greatest voltage in an electric
circuit? D Can an electric current be used
to distinguish metals from other materials?
31
30 Only 10 of the electrical energy operating
a lightbulb is changed into visible light.
Which instrument helps identify the energy
change occurring to most of the remaining
90? F Triple-beam balance G
Thermometer H Magnifying glass J Prism
32
31 Which two pieces of
equipment should be added to the materials list
for this activity? F Graduated cylinder and
metric ruler G Metric ruler and stopwatch H
Magnifying glass and balance J Graduated
cylinder and balance
Materials 125 mL cooking oil 100 mL H2O 10 g
NaOH Safety goggles Apron 500 mL beaker Stirring
rod Procedure Measure and add 100 mL of H2O
to 125 mL of cooking oil and mix thoroughly.
Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while
stirring constantly. Stir until a thick paste
forms. Pour the paste into a mold and let it
sit for two days. Remove the solid bar from the
mold. Caution Keep this soap away from the face
and eyes because traces of NaOH may still be
present on the soap bar. Use this soap for
washing floors and tools only.
33
32 A valid study would include a
control group containing A bean seed, tomato
seed, sunflower seed, and water B water and 2
root hormone C water only D bean seed,
tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and 1 root
hormone
34
33 A student is working with four beakers that
each contain a clear liquid. Which set of
procedures would be best to use to determine
whether one of the beakers contains only
distilled water? A C B D
Observe odor Determine temperature Observe
color Determine boiling point
Observe volume Determine mass Observe
color Determine pH
Determine mass Observe volume Determine
temperature Observe odor
Observe odor Determine pH Determine
density Determine boiling point
35
Elodea in Different Salt Concentrations
Initial Setup 34 Similar sprigs of elodea
were placed in four test tubes. Each test tube
contained water with a different concentration of
salt ranging from 0 to 3 percent. The length of
each sprig was measured after 10 days. Which
of these questions can best be answered with
this experimental setup? F Can the amount of
salt in the water help elodea avoid disease? G
What happens to salt as elodea uses water? H
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the
water? J Does the amount of salt in the water
affect elodea growth?
36
35 The picture shows an experiment
designed to investigate biochemical activity in a
water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles
can be easily observed and counted as they
escape from the funnel. The number of bubbles is
an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis.
Which of these data tables best reflects the
expected results of this experiment? A B
C D
37
A De-Icing Experiment 36 Which of the
following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above? A Vegetation
that grows near roadways requires more water than
vegetation in other areas. B De-icing
solution causes roadways to have more space for
vegetation. C Vegetation near roadways changes
the effectiveness of de-icing solution. D De
-icing solution affects some types of vegetation
that grow near roadways.
Some species of plants that commonly grow near
roadways are used in an experiment. The plant
species are divided into control groups and
experimental groups. All groups are grown under
identical conditions except that the experimental
groups are given daily applications of a de-icing
solution that is used on roadways in winter. At
the end of one month, the growth of the control
and experimental groups is compared.
38
37 Which of these tools is most useful in
identifying the wavelengths of visible
light? F Convex lens G Spectroscope H Micro
scope J Concave mirror
39
38 In an activity, a ball is dropped
from a height of 100 cm onto five different
materials. The rebound height of each drop is
shown in the graph. Which of the following
describes the hypothesis most likely being
tested? A The mass of the ball affects the
rebound height. B The material the ball is made
of affects the rebound height. C The height the
ball is dropped from affects the rebound
height. D The surface the ball is dropped onto
affects the rebound height.
40
39 The diagram shows a classroom
setup for an experiment. This experiment was
probably designed to determine wood lice F
social behaviors G activity patterns H
speed J habitat preferences
41
40 These data were gathered by
four groups of students. Each group performed
four trials to determine the acceleration rate of
a toy car. Which group had the most consistent
data? F Group Q G Group R H
Group S J Group T
42
41 The picture shows the position of
a ball every 0.25 second on a photogram. Using
a ruler, determine the velocity of the ball. F
3.5 cm/s G 10.5 cm/s H 14.0
cm/s J 28.0 cm/s
43
42 Four lab groups measured the volume of
acid required to neutralize a standard solution
of sodium hydroxide base. Which of the groups
measured the volume with the highest
precision? A C B
D
44
43 The table shows four mass
readings of one object as measured by four
different balances. Which balance produced the
most- consistent measurements? A Q B
R C S D T
45
44 The illustration shows volume
levels of a liquid in a graduated cylinder
before and after a sample was removed. According
to this information, what was the volume of the
sample to the nearest milliliter? Record and
bubble in your answer on the answer document.
46
45 Which of these will give the most
precise measure of a 10-milliliter
volume? F H G
J
47
46 What is the volume reading for
the solution in the pipette? A 19.4 mL B
19.6 mL C 20.4 mL D 20.6 mL
48
47 Which of these probably served as
the most useful data after Pasteur injected a
group of chickens with bacteria from the older
culture? A The health and behavior of the
injected chickens B The total number of cholera
cases observed C The changes in the shape and
color of the bacterial colonies D The recovery
rate of chickens previously infected with cholera
Louis Pasteurs ExperimentLike many other
scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of
immunization happened by accident. In 1880
Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from
cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his
assistants gave injections of cholera bacteria to
several groups of chickens. The chickens usually
died from cholera after being injected with the
bacteria. However, one group of chickens
survived. Pasteur noticed that these chickens had
been injected with a six-week-old batch of
cholera bacteria. Pasteurs assistants prepared
new colonies of cholera bacteria and injected
these chickens a second time. They also injected
a group of chickens that had not been previously
injected. Pasteur was surprised that the chickens
that had been injected previously with the old
bacteria remained healthy, while all the chickens
in the second group became sick and died. This
is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to
weakened pathogens can provide immunity from
disease. The idea was later used to protect
animals from other serious diseases. Today
immunizations help protect people from many
illnesses.
49
48 Three liquids were poured into a
beaker and formed three layers. Which conclusion
is best supported by the information above? A
The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of
Liquid 3. B The volume of Liquid 1 is less than
the volume of Liquid 3. C The density of Liquid
3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2. D
The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater than the
buoyancy of Liquid 1.
50
49 The pictures above show two
organisms. Measure their body lengths to the
nearest tenth of a centimeter. What is the
difference between the body lengths of the
grasshopper and cricket? Record and bubble in
your answer to the nearest tenth on the answer
document.
51
50 Which piece of equipment should be used to
precisely measure 40.0 mL of a dilute sodium
hydroxide solution? A C B D
52
Masses of Reactants and Products 51 The
chart shows the results of a conservation-of-mass
experiment. The most accurate trial for this
experiment was F Trial 1 G Trial 2 H
Trial 3 J Trial 4
53
52 Two students measured the length of the same
stick, each using a different 30 cm ruler. One
student reported a length of 22 cm, and the
other reported a length of 8 cm. The most likely
explanation for the difference in the reported
values is that one A student improperly read
the ruler B ruler was metal and the other ruler
was plastic C student viewed the ruler from a
different angle D ruler was constructed with
nonstandard cm marks
54
53 Which of these is the most appropriate unit
of measure for reporting the density of a
solid? F g/cm3 G g/cm H g/L2 J g/mm2
55
54 Which piece of equipment would be used to
precisely measure the volume of an
acid? A C B D
56
Growth of a Stentor Population
55 The graph shows the increase in a Stentor
population. If this trend continues, what will
be the approximate size of the Stentor
population after 4 weeks? A 325 per 100
mL B 348 per 100 mL C 401 per 100 mL D
454 per 100 mL
57
56 Which graph best shows the comparison of
the elements to the total composition of the
copper ore? A
C B
D
58
57 At which temperature do KBr
and KNO3 have the same solubility? A 27C B
48C C 65C D 80C
59
58 According to the data in the
table, about how far can a spring be expected to
stretch when a force of 3.92 N is applied? A
10.5 cm B 13.6 cm C 14.0 cm D 17.3 cm
60
59 This diagram shows the biochemical
pathway that produces arginine in Neurospora, a
mold. Neurospora is easily grown on a simple
jelly-like medium. Different substances can be
added to the medium. A mutant Neurospora lacking
Enzyme Y would have to have which of these added
to its medium in order to survive? A Enzyme
X B Ornithine C Enzyme Z D Citrulline
61
60 According to this information,
what is the best prediction for the boiling
point of the seven-carbon alcohol? A
169C B 178C C 186C D 192C
62
61 According to the graph, what
is the approximate half-life of carbon-14? A
5.7 years B 5,700 years C 23,000 years D
1,000,000 years
63
62 This animal most likely
belongs to phylum A Porifera B
Annelida C Mollusca D Arthropoda
64
63 While studying the relationship
between the pressure and the volume of a gas,
members of a science class conducted an
experiment in which they changed the pressure on
a balloon and then measured the balloons volume.
They collected the data above. Which graph
correctly represents these data? A
B C D
65
64 The graph shows the amount
of carbon-14 in tissue over time. According to
the graph, if a bone contains 1/8 the amount of
carbon-14 that it did originally, its
approximate age is F 5,700 years G
11,400 years H 17,100 years J 22,800 years
66
65 This chart shows the results
of an experiment performed in the 1920s using a
bacterial species that causes pneumonia in
humans. The experiment involved several
procedures using two different bacterial strains,
R and S. What is a possible explanation for the
results in Group 2? A Living S-strain
bacteria can transform into a pathogenic form of
R-strain bacteria. B Living
R-strain bacteria are controlled by a mouses
immune system. C Dead S-strain bacteria can
cause disease. D Dead R-strain bacteria can
confer resistance to S-strain bacteria.
67
66 The diagram above shows the
biochemical pathway that produces arginine, an
amino acid required by an organism called
Neurospora. The table shows the response of a
mutant strain of Neurospora to supplements in its
food supply. This mutant strain must lack the
enzyme that acts on F the precursor G
ornithine H citrulline J arginine
68
67 This graph shows the absorption
spectrum for a certain pigment molecule. To a
human, this pigment would most likely appear
A blue B green C yellow D
orange
69
68 The table shows the number of
bubbles released by an elodea plant per minute
at different light intensities. The rate of
bubble release is representative of the
photosynthetic rate. Which statement is
supported by these data? A The rate of
photosynthesis is slowest when elodea produces
7 to 12 bubbles. B Lower light
intensity causes a higher photosynthetic rate. C
The greatest difference in photosynthetic rate
is between the 75 W and 100 W light
bulbs. D Light intensity has little effect on
the rate of photosynthesis of elodea.
70
69 The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce
protein crystals that are toxic to the
digestive system of insects. How can these
bacteria be used to control insects in
crops? F Apply the bacteria to growing
plants. G Expose the bacteria to low levels of
light. H Remove plants from areas containing
the bacteria. J Treat the bacteria with a
solution of the protein crystals.
71
70 The graph shows how the momentum of
a given mass changes during a period of motion.
According to the information, what is the
momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds? Record and
bubble in your answer to the nearest whole
number on the answer document.
72
71 The graph shows how the voltage
needed to maintain a constant current of 1.5
amps through a wire conductor varies with the
length of the wire. If the trend continues,
what is the most likely voltage needed to
maintain a 1.5-amp current through 80 meters of
the wire? F 10 volts G 18 volts H 250
volts J 400 volts
73
Electron Configuration 72 According
to the periodic table and the information above,
which element has this electron
configuration? F Sodium G Neon H
Magnesium J Argon
74
73 The table shows the results of
growing a yeast culture in a 5 glucose
solution. The number of bubbles produced was
used to indicate the extent of respiration by
the yeast. If all other factors are held
constant, how many bubbles should be produced
in Tube 3 after 4 minutes? A 20 B 24 C 27
D 36
75
74 About how much KNO3 will
dissolve in 100 grams of water at 80C to make
a saturated solution? A 48 grams B 160
grams C 170 grams D 220 grams
76
75 In 1967, 34 million metric tons of
fertilizers were used in the United States.
According to the graph, how many more metric tons
of fertilizers were used 30 years
later? A 16 million B 25 million C 64
million D 84 million
77
Properties of Some Gases Sublimes
(changes directly from solid into gas) 76
Which of these statements is best supported by
the information in the table? F Carbon dioxide
and oxygen have similar chemical
properties. G The density of the gases
increases as their molecular mass
increases. H Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the
same temperature. J The solubility of the gases
decreases as their density increases.
78
77 A researcher determined the percentage of
electrical energy transformed into different
forms of energy by a toaster. The best way to
communicate these results is to display the data
using a F histogram G circle
graph H line graph J box-whisker graph
79
Percent Differences in Cytochrome
c 78 The table above shows percent
differences in cytochrome c in four different
animals. According to the table, which two
animals are most closely related to each
other? A Horse and dog B Dog and
kangaroo C Horse and penguin D Penguin and
kangaroo
Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic
organisms. The differences in the amino acid
sequence of cytochrome c are used to determine
how closely species are related.
80
79 The chart shows the classification
of four organisms found in Texas. Which
organism is most closely related to Organism
X? A Anolis carolinensis B Bufo
americanus C Poecile gambeli D Grus
americana
81
80 If the current trend
continues, about how many grams of KBr will
dissolve in 100 g of water at 140C? A 124
g B 131 g C 140 g D 149 g
82
81 Which statement is best
supported by these data? A The solutions
freezing point remained constant with each
increase in the amount of solute. B
The freezing point of the solution decreased as
the amount of dissolved solute
increased. C The rate of freezing increased
when more solute was dissolved in the solvent. D
The solution remained a liquid because more
solute was added to the solvent.
83
82 The table shows environmental
factors and soybean production for three regions.
Which of the following probably accounts for the
decrease in soybean yield in Region 1? F High
levels of ozone damaged the soybean plants,
decreasing the average yield. G Low rainfall
amounts failed to meet the plants moisture needs
and inhibited growth. H Poor mineral
levels found in the soil in that region limited
the soybean harvest. J Higher-than-normal
rainfall increased pest activity, decreasing the
average yield.
84
Unsafe
levels of ozone above 0.10 ppm 83 An
environmental-science company measured the ozone
pollutant levels at two different locations in a
metropolitan area. Which statement is best
supported by these data? A Lower fuel
efficiency and northerly winds in the winter
increase ozone pollution the most. B
Northwest winds in the spring transport ozone
pollution into the metropolitan area. C High
summer temperatures and southerly winds
contribute to high levels of ozone. D Heavy
use of automobiles changes ozone levels the most.
85
84 According to the table, which
workers have the greatest chance of
experiencing significant hearing loss over
time? F Police traffic officers G
Shoe-factory workers H Road-construction
crews J Library desk clerks
86
85 The graph shows the results of
a study testing chemical pesticides on a pest
species common to cotton plants. Different
chemical pesticides were used in five different
areas. According to these results, which of the
following is the most effective chemical for
controlling this pest species? A R B
S C T D V
87
86 A certain commercial product used for
cleaning ovens must be handled with rubber
gloves. The product is slippery and turns litmus
paper blue. It probably contains F an
acid G a base H a salt J an isotope
88
87 The graph shows metabolic rates
for two types of fish at different environmental
temperatures. Which of the following conclusions
can be drawn from these data? F Fish
metabolism responds to temperature changes. G
Metabolic rates decrease as environmental
temperatures increase. H Fish body
temperature results from high metabolism. J
Metabolic rates are independent of environmental
temperature.
89
88 The graph shows the relative
basal metabolic rates of a field mouse and an
anole (a type of lizard) at different
temperatures. According to this information, the
field mouse A uses the least energy when
the environmental temperature is 30C B
is able to control its body temperature C
uses less energy at 20C than the anole does D
is unaffected by environmental temperatures
90
89 Boiling water can be used to sanitize
dishes. The data above show how sanitizing time
varies in different locations. Which inference is
supported by these data? F The boiling
point of water is constant at higher
altitudes. G The boiling point of water is
affected by elevation. H Water takes longer to
boil at Fort Davis than at sea level. J
Boiling water changes temperature at a faster
rate at Corpus Christi than at higher
elevations.
91
90 What can be concluded from the
relationships described above? F Gas
molecules travel longer distances at greater
speeds when the volume of the gas is
decreased. G A gas is more likely to lose
kinetic energy when its volume is reduced. H
Gas molecules collide less frequently when the
volume of the gas is increased. J A gas is
more likely to increase in momentum when its
volume is increased.
92
91 Which of the following conclusions is
supported by the information above? F
Trade winds help maintain some food chains. G
Trade winds produce useful minerals in some
oceans. H Trade winds can reverse parts of the
water cycle. J Trade winds may be able to
reduce greenhouse gases.
93
92 A study was conducted to test the
effectiveness of hearing aids. People with
different types of hearing loss were included in
the study. Which question would help in
determining whether the conclusion above is
valid? A What was the average age of the
people in the study? B What was the most
common occupation of people in the study? C
How many people were included in the study? D
How many people in the study had vision problems?
94
93 Which of the following conclusions is
supported by the information above? F Antibio
tics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections. G M. tuberculosis
is becoming extinct because of antibiotics. H An
tibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to
reproduce at a faster rate. J M.
tuberculosis has developed resistance to
antibiotics.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis
in humans. When treated with antibiotics, most
M. tuberculosis bacteria are killed, but some
have genes that allow them to survive. M.
tuberculosis bacteria that survive the antibiotic
treatment may reproduce.
95
94 The picture shows the results of a
demonstration using the simple water plant
Elodea. When the setup was placed in strong
light, a space gradually appeared above the
water in the graduated cylinder containing the
plant. The gas in the space above the water was
mostly F oxygen G carbon dioxide H hydrogen
J nitrogen
96
95 The graph compares absenteeism of
elementary school students who wash their
hands properly with absenteeism of students
who fail to wash their hands properly. Which
inference could best be supported by these
data? A Proper hand-washing may increase
attendance among elementary school
students. B Older students have developed
better hand-washing habits than younger
students. C Some elementary school classes
teach correct hand-washing methods to
students. D Improper hand-washing is a
common practice among most elementary school
students.
97
96 The pictures show a 10-newton block of
wood being used to demonstrate how this
instrument measures pressure. According to
these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the blocks A weight distributed
over an area B density along each face C mass
per unit of volume D change in inertia
98
97 After 15 minutes the food
coloring in Beaker A is evenly spread throughout
the beaker, while Beaker B contains a thin layer
of food coloring only at its bottom. These
observations support the theory that convection
currents in a fluid form more quickly if the
fluid has A warmer layers at the bottom B a
covering on its surface C reduced pressure on
the bottom D contact with a cooler surface
99
98 A glass is held upside down so
that its open end is closed by the waters
surface. Soon air bubbles begin to escape from
the glass. The best explanation for this
observation is that A water condenses on
the glass and escapes as a gas B air in the
glass increases the water temperature and causes
bubbling C pressurized water vapor rises
rapidly and evaporates D air trapped in the
glass is warmed and expands in volume
100
99 The diagram represents helium gas
expanding to fill a larger container. What is
the ratio of the helium gass density at the
final volume to its density at the initial
volume? A 11 B 41 C 18 D 150
101
100 According to this information, three
of these organisms should be placed in the same
kingdom. Which organism should be placed in a
different kingdom? F Q G R H S J T
102
101 In the past, people thought that life
arose spontaneously out of non-living material.
This belief was based partly on the
observation that vegetable broth swarmed with
microorganisms after sitting out for a few
hours. Louis Pasteur (18221895) believed
spontaneous generation was impossible. Which
statement below would best support Pasteurs
belief? A Broth that was kept clean of
airborne dust particles shows no signs of
life after many days. B A review of other
scientists work shows that those scientists
made many observations. C If distilled
water is substituted for the broth, no
microorganisms are revealed after a few
hours. D Philosophical arguments offer no
support for spontaneous generation.
103
102 The smell of an ammonia solution used
to clean a floor can quickly be detected
throughout a house. Scientists explain this
phenomenon by theorizing that gas molecules
from the ammonia are in continuous random
high-speed motion, drifting rapidly
and permeating the air. Which statement best
demonstrates the strength of this theory? A
Scientists have observed tiny smoke particles
moved by unseen particles in a rapid,
irregular fashion. B Scientists have
unanimously agreed on this theory since
Thomas Grahams experiments in the 1820s. C
The possibility of another theory being formed
to explain the phenomenon as well is
very remote. D Reason, as opposed to
experimentation, is superior to any
explanation found through chemical testing.
104
103 An advertisement claims that patients
can be cured of the common cold in 48 hours by
vitamin C tablets with secret mineral supplements
. In a scientific experiment to test these
claims, which data can be considered
irrelevant? A The amount of vitamin C in
each tablet B The severity of the patients
cold symptoms C The chemical formula for
vitamin C D The amount of time before
symptoms improve
105
104 The table shows the time it took
trees of the same type and size to drop all of
their leaves after being grown in different
atmospheres. For the experiment to be valid,
which of these must be a constant for all the
trees? F The height of all the trees during
the entire experiment G The amount of water
available to all trees during the
experiment H The mass of fallen leaves
collected from each tree J The rate of
photosynthesis in all trees during the experiment
106
105 The graph above compares the acidity
of apples stored for 270 days under different
conditions to the acidity of apples that were
just harvested. Some apples were stored at room
temperature (20C), and other apples were
stored at 0.5C. Some of the apples were
treated with MCP, an antispoilage chemical.
According to these data, it can be inferred
that A apples treated with MCP and kept at a
low temperature retain acidity best B low
temperature prevents any loss of acidity in
stored apples C apples stored at room
temperature are unaffected by treatment with
MCP D high temperature promotes acid production
in stored apples
107
106 Which of the following is a strength
of this hypothesis? F It is more logical than
past hypotheses. G It agrees with the opinion
of most people. H It can be examined using
scientific means. J It challenges the current
theory of atoms.
Hypothesis A glass plate covering a tray
of water will keep water molecules from escaping
into the atmosphere. Observation After one week
the open tray was dry, but water remained in the
covered tray.
108
107 Which of these is a benefit of
knowing whether a person with a respiratory
infection has an elevated level of this protein
in the blood? A A set of aerobic exercises
can be recommended. B A diet of essential
nutrients can be recommended. C A decision
can be made about whether to take an x-ray. D
A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.
Research shows that levels of a certain protein
are elevated in the blood of people with a
bacterial infection. People with a
viral infection show only trace amounts of
the protein. The level of the protein can
be determined in about an hour after a blood test.
109
Independent Project 108 Which of
the following conclusions is supported by these
data? A Alertness is directly related to
level of distraction. B Shuffling methods can
affect alertness. C Alertness levels vary
during the day. D Long periods of rest improve
alertness.
WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST ALERT? Assumption
The ability to sort playing cards is an
indication of alertness. Procedure 1. Shuffle a
deck of playing cards four times 2. Time how long
it takes to sort the cards into the four suits 3.
Repeat the activity at the same times for five
days
110
109 Which of these fails to support
the idea that waters natural place is on the
ground? A Hailstones B Rain C
Waterfalls D Clouds
Ancient Greeks and Science The ancient Greeks
developed a set of assumptions, based on
observations, to explain how the universe works.
These observations led the Greeks to believe that
the universe was composed of four elements
earth, water, fire, and air. The theory of
natural place was based on their observations of
these four elements. The theory stated that
anything not in its natural place would move
toward its natural place as soon as an
opportunity arose. The theory of natural place
was the foundation for the modern understanding
of the elements. The following chart describes
some observations and assumptions made by the
ancient Greeks.
111
110 Which of these would have the greatest
percent of fat content by mass? A A food
with a net mass of 29 grams and with 10 grams of
fat B A food with a net mass of 35 grams and
with 13 grams of fat C A food with a net mass
of 45 grams and with 15 grams of fat D A food
with a net mass of 56 grams and with 17 grams of
fat
112
111 Many doctors recommend 800 µg of
folate, 400 µg of vitamin B12, and 50 mg of
vitamin B6 per day to improve cardiovascular
health. Based on this information and the
nutrition label, the cardiovascular health
benefit of a 1-ounce serving of this cereal is
A doubtful because it provides
insufficient folate and vitamin B6 and
lacks vitamin B12 B superb because it
contains only 22 g of carbohydrates and
75 mg of sodium C excellent because it
provides all needed vitamins and is low
in fat and cholesterol D poor because it
raises blood cholesterol levels with its
high fat and cholesterol content
113
112 An herbal company advertises that its
product will help people lose weight if they
take a tablespoon of the product with a glass of
water at bedtime each night. Weight loss is
guaranteed if a person does not eat for at least
3 hours before bedtime, gets moderate exercise,
and drinks 8 glasses of water each day. Why is
the companys claim difficult to verify? F
The company has yet to disclose the identity of
its special herb. G Numerous uncontrolled
variables are involved in evaluating
results. H Fasting lessens the absorption
rate of the herb. J The advertisement lacks
data from before and after the weight
loss.
114
113 Which conclusion can
reasonably be made about Glycotac based on the
promotional brochure? A All people with
diabetes can safely use the product. B
Glycotac is guaranteed to lower blood sugar in
people without health problems. C Using the
product may lower blood-sugar levels. D
Glycotac eliminates the need to exercise to
control high blood sugar.
115
114 A magazine included
advertisements for two different garlic
supplements to promote healthy hearts. The
advertisement for Very Good Garlic Extract
presents evidence that is more valid because
A information was gathered in a controlled
manner B it lacks a guarantee C it lacks
personal testimonials to the products
effectiveness D information was gathered in
more than one country
116
115 Horses kept in stables sometimes
chew on wood. This can lead to damage to the
mouth and digestive system. The graph shows the
results of a study of a medication that
prevents horses from chewing on wood. From the
graph, what inference can be made about the
effectiveness of the product? A Most horses
like the medication. B The medication is most
effective between Days 4 and 5. C Most horses
will show improvement within 7 days. D The
effects of the medication are long lasting.
117
116 Which of the following makes the
effectiveness of this product questionable? F
The product description is for a simple
pendulum. G Many factors can make the paper
clip move. H Metal paper clips react with iron
and steel objects. J The product must be used
while walking in a straight line.
118
117 Which of these would provide the
best scientific support for the information on
the label? A Data that indicate the gender
and average age of consumers B A survey
showing that many people prefer pearl
calcium C Records that show few requests for
money back D A controlled study showing
the effectiveness of pearl calcium
119
Ulcer Study Results 118 The table shows
the results of a study testing the effectiveness
of an ulcer medication. Why was one group given
a sugar tablet? A To include a control
group B To have an experimental group C To
provide a variety of treatments D To give the
body additional nutrients
120
119 Which of the following would explain
why this film works with a reduced amount of
light? A The film reflects long wavelengths
of light efficiently. B Fewer silver halide
granules are present in the film. C The film
refracts brighter light. D The photochemical
reaction can occur in lower intensity light.
121
120 Which conclusion about AvexTec
is supported by information in this
advertisement? F AvexTec is available over the
counter at local pharmacies and grocery
stores. G People who take AvexTec every day
will seldom experience pain from migraines. H
Research indicates that AvexTec prevents
migraine headaches. J AvexTec can be prescribed
to reduce pain from migraines.
122
Grade 11 Objective 1 Answer Key
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