Federalism

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Federalism

• Dual
• Cooperative
• Pragmatic
• Devolution and Beyond

2
Power in the Federal System

• Constitution not definitively answer
• Exclusive and concurrent powers
• Change through amendment, court interpretation,
  congressional action, and custom and usage

3
Early Debates Decisions

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Arguments
• Maryland states rights view power to
  incorporate a bank not delegated to US
• US Daniel Webster necessary proper
  convenient useful
• Two questions
• Has Congress power to incorporate a bank? YES
• Can MD tax such a bank? NO

4
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

• Who controlled shipping on the Hudson River?
• New York
• New Jersey
• National Govt
• Arguments
• States commerce direct dealings in products
• National Govt regulate all commercial activity
• Holding
• Marshall upheld broad congressional power

5
Dual Federalism

• States rights position
• Powers of national and state govts are mutually
  exclusive, conflicting, antagonistic dual
  sovereigns
• Tension betw 2 check on tyranny
• Layer cake
• Strict constructionists
• Narrow reading of Art. I, sect.8
• 10th amendment reserved powers to states

6
Cooperative Federalism

• Partnership but national govt stronger
• Marble cake
• Loose constructionists
• Art. I, sect. 8 NP clause integral
• Art. VI Supremacy Clause
• 10th Amend residual power
• Economic necessities New Deal
• National economic problem
• States inadequate to respond

7
Pragmatic Federalism

• Fiscal federalism distribution of funds
• Categorical grants specific purpose
• Block grants more general purposes
• General revenue sharing no strings
• Role of federal govt in new areas
• New Deal ? Great Society
• By-passing states local governments
  intergovernmental relations

8
Devolution

• Response to national govt coercing states
• Preemption
• Unfunded mandates
• Political support
• Reagan
• Contract with America
• Judicial action

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