Causes of the Civil War

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Causes of the Civil War
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• Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Missouri-Slave State
• Maine-Free State
• 36 30 N latitude
• Nullification Crisis (1832)
• States Rights

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• Wilmot Proviso (1846)
• New Territory gained from Mexico would not be
  allowed to have slavery
• Free Soil Party
• Against the expansion of slavery

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• Compromise of 1850
• California-Free State
• Popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico
  territories
• Slave trade in Washington D.C. abolished
• Fugitive Slave Act
• Texas border set

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1852

• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Writes Uncle Toms Cabin
• Tells of the cruelty of slavery
• Gains support for Abolitionists
• Angers the Southern planters

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• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Repealed Missouri Compromise
• Popular sovereignty would let citizens vote on
  issue of slavery
• Bleeding Kansas
• Sack of Lawrence
• John Brown retaliates at Pottawatomie Creek

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Republican Party Formed (1854)

• Abolitionists and anti-slavery Northerners join
  together to form new party
• Goal
• To stop the expansion of slavery in the
  territories (not to abolish slavery)
• Win control of Congress

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Dred Scott

• Sued for his freedom saying that he had lived in
  states where slavery was illegal

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Dred Scott Case

• Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled that
• Scott was not a citizen - could not sue in a
  Federal Court
• Slaves were viewed as property
• Protected by 5th Amendment
• Missouri Compromise and any law passed to ban
  slavery was considered unconstitutional

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• 1858 Senate election in Illinois
• Stephen Douglas-Democrat candidate
• Believed in the idea of popular sovereignty
• Abraham Lincoln-Republican candidate
• Thought slavery was morally wrong

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Douglas wins, but Lincoln gains national attention
Freeport Doctrine-causes Douglas to lose southern
Democratic support
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John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia

• John Brown-extreme abolitionist
• Captures an arsenal (a storage place for weapons
  and ammunition)
• Sends the word that he wants slaves to join in
  and start a rebellion against slaveholders
• Captured, tried and sentenced to hang
• Abolitionists see Brown as a martyr

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Candidates for President(1860)

• Republicans-
• Abraham Lincoln
• Constitutional Union
• John Bell

• Southern Democrats-
• John C. Breckinridge
• Democrats-
• Stephan Douglas

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Results
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Lincoln Wins

• Without one vote from a Southern State

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Secession (1860)

• Southerners believe that their way of life is
  threatened and they have the right to secede
• South Carolina leads the way
• (December 20, 1860)
• Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida
  and Georgia secede by February

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South Secedes
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Confederate States of America

• Formed on February 4, 1861
• Form new government protecting slavery and
  limiting central government (states rights)
• Capital
• Montgomery, Alabama
• Elect Jefferson Davis president
• Eleven states eventually join

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Two Presidents

• Abraham Lincoln
• President of the Union

• Jefferson Davis
• President of the Confederacy

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South

• Quickly takes forts and government property in
  the South
• Does not control Fort Sumter

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Fort Sumter

• President Lincoln sends supplies and relief to
  Union troops at the fort
• President Davis (Confederate) thinks that Lincoln
  is preparing the fort for war and orders an
  attack
• April 12, 1861-Confederate troops attack and
  capture fort
• 1st Battle of the Civil War
• No deaths

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