Telecommunications, Networks and the Internet

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Chapter 8

• Telecommunications, Networks and the Internet

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Included in this presentation

• Networking technologies
• Transmission media, types of networks, networking
  services
• Role of the Internet
• Communication and e-business tools
• Challenges of networking

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Background

• Two different types of telecommunications
• Telephone Networks for voice communication
• Computer Networks for data traffic
• Telephone networks were regulated monopolies
• Forced divestiture of ATT and the Bell Companies
  (1984)

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Background (Continued)

• Telecommunications Act of 1990
• Allowed long-distance companies to enter the
  local exchange service
• Allowed the local exchange companies to enter the
  long-distance market
• Thus, the birth of many new technology trends

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Current Trends in Networking and Communications

• Rapid technological innovation
• Deregulation has spurred competition in the
  telecommunications industry
• Blurred distinctions between voice, video and
  data service providers
• Rapid growth in Last-Mile service
• Rapid growth in wireless services/devices

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By Definition.

• A Network is the linking of two or more
  computers to share data or resources.

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Networking Hardware

• NIC Network Interface Card
• Modem

Photos taken by Cheryl Purdy
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Networking Hardware (Continued)

• Cable Modem
• Transmission Media

Photos taken by Cheryl Purdy
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Networking Hardware (Continued)

• Hubs and Switches
• Routers

Photos from www.cisco.com
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Networking Hardware

• Wiring Closet
• Server(s)

Photos taken by Cheryl Purdy
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Types of Networks

• Client/Server
• All client stations are connected to a server to
  share resources
• Peer-to-peer
• Resource sharing without a central server

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Types of Networks (Continued)

• LAN (Local Area Network)
• Connection of devices within a half mile
• CAN (Campus Area Network)
• Connections of up to 1000 meters
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• Connection within a city type of area
• WAN (Wide Area Network)
• Connection over broad geographical areas

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Topologies

• Network topology defines the structure of the
  network. One part of the topology definition is
  the physical topology, which is the actual layout
  of the wire or media. The other part is the
  logical topology, which defines how the hosts
  access the media to send data.

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Broadband Services and Technologies
Cisco Networking Academy Curriculum Louden and
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Broadband Services and Technologies (Continued)
Cisco Networking Academy Curriculum Louden and
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Packet Switching

• Packet Switching divides the data into packets
  and transmits them along different data paths to
  the same end location.
• The packets are then reassembled at the
  destination point.

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The Internet

• Developed in the early 1970s by the Department of
  Defense.
• The DoD wanted to create an information
  infrastructure that could withstand any
  conditions.
• ISP (Internet Service Provider)
• Provides connection to homes and small businesses

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The Internet (Continued)

• Internet addressing
• Each device connected to the Internet has a
  unique IP (Internet Protocol) address
• The Microsoft Website can be reached by entering
  the address www.microsoft.com or 207.46.250.110
• DNS
• DNS (Domain Name Service) controls the assigning
  of the domain names to IP addresses

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The Internet (Continued)

• Domain Extensions

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The Internet (Continued)

• IPV4 vs IPV6
• IPV4
• 32-bit dotted quad notation
• Up to 4 billion addresses
• IPV6
• 128-bit addressing scheme
• Over a quadrillion possible unique addresses

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The Internet (Continued)

• Governing bodies
• IAB
• ICANN
• InterNIC
• IESG
• IETF
• ISOC
• W3C

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The Internet (Continued)

• Unique Features of Internet Technology
• Ubiquity
• Global Reach
• Universal Standards
• Richness
• Interactivity
• Information Density
• Personalization/Customization

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The Internet (Continued)

• Intranet
• An internal organizational network that provides
  access to data across the enterprise
• Extranet
• External network to allow authorized user to
  access the network. For example, allowing
  authorized buyers to obtain cost information
  regarding your products.
• Firewalls are used to retain security

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Communication and E-Business Tools

• Messaging Services
• Over 80 of employees used some sort of IMing
  tools
• Electronic Discussion Groups
• Usenet newsgroups
• Listserves
• Groupware/Teamware
• Provides capability for collaborative work in the
  enterprise

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Communication and E-Business Tools (Continued)

• Electronic Conferencing
• A virtual conference table where participants can
  share their thoughts using chat, audio, or video.
• Internet Telephony
• Using Internet technology for telephone voice
  transmissions over the Internet
• Uses IP to deliver the voice information using
  packet switching

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Communication and E-Business Tools (Continued)

• VPN (Virtual Private Network)
• Based on IP - provides a secure connection
  between two points across the Internet, enabling
  private data to travel over the Internet
• Many hospitals have VPNs extending to physicians
  homes and offices

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Management Challenges

• Loss of management control
• Organizational change requirements
• Scalability, Reliability, and Security

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Solution Guidelines to Management Challenges

• Develop a strategic networking plan
• Know how communication services enhance your
  competitive edge
• Identify critical areas where network-based
  applications can make a difference in
  performance.
• Managing the change
• Reengineer business processes to accompany
  infrastructure changes
• Address organizational issues

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Resources

• Louden and Louden 2006
• Cisco.netacad.net
• www.cisco.com
• Carr and Snyder 2003
• www.easywhois.com
• www.internic.com
• www.dslreports.com/distance