Community Health Management

1
Community Health Management

• Cancer Reduction Programs

2
Introduction

• Third Leading Cause of Death (US)
• Developing Countries?
• Cancer Incidence on the Rise?
• Behavior and Cancer
• Reducing Morbidity and Mortality

3
Purpose

• Develop Primary Health Care Approach
• Community Involvement
• Linkages
• Indigenous Resources
• Local Support Systems
• Primary and Secondary Prevention
• Awareness, Behavior, Environment

4
Goals

• Establish Community Network
• Reduce Incidence of Most Preventable Causes of
  Cancer
• Reduce Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality of
  Most Common Causes of Cancer

5
Objectives

• Establish Cancer Control Committee
• Determine Incidence of Cancer
• Identify Most Preventable Cancers
• Implement Cancer Control Programs
• Evaluate Effectiveness of Programs
• Modify or Improve Programs as Needed

6
Strategies

• Plans to Address Individual Awareness, Behavior
  Modification, and Changes to the Environment
• Primary Prevention-Preventable Cancers
• Secondary Prevention
• Screening Programs that are Available,
  Affordable, and Accessible
• Record Keeping and Follow-Up

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Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Smoking Prevention

• Primary Cause of Cancer of Lungs
• Synergistic Effects
• Former Smokers
• Absolute Risk
• Protective Efforts

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Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Smoking Cessation

• 5 Quit Themselves
• Physician Role
• Worksite, Family, and Community Reinforcement
• Enhancement of Prevention

9
Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Moderation of Alcohol Intake

• Associations with Cancer of Esophagus, Oral
  cavity, Pharynx, Larynx)
• Liver, Rectum, Pancreas, and Breast
• Synergistic Effects

10
Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Diet

• Fat
• Fiber
• Five-A-Day
• Positive Correlation
• Variables
• Confounding/Interacting Risk Factors
• Effects of Fat

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Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Increased Physical Activity

• Sedentary/Inactive Life Styles
• Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Muscular, Cognitive,
  and Metabolic Systems
• Protection Against Cancer of the Colon

12
Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Reduction in Exposure to Environmental
  Carcinogenic Chemicals

• Tobacco (Most Prevalent)
• Others
• Asbestos
• Arsenic
• Hydrocarbons
• Pesticides
• Vinyl Chloride
• Benzene

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Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Physical Agents

• Ultraviolet Radiation
• Ionizing Radiation
• Non-Ionizing Radiation
• Electromagnetic Fields

14
Specific Cancer Prevention Programs

• Drugs

• Alkylating Agents
• Androgen Anabolic Steroids
• Chlornaphazine
• Estrogens (DES)
• Azathioprine
• Cyclosporine
• Immunosuppressants
• Phenacetin Containing Analgesics

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Summary

• Role of Primary Prevention
• Awareness, Behavior, Environment
• Role of Secondary Prevention
• Screening
• Role of Economics
• Role of Primary Health Care
• Assess, Prioritize, Implement, Evaluate
• Community Involvement, Linkages, Indigenous
  Resources, Support Systems