Theoretical Foundations

1
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Chapter 9
Audio and Visual Technologies
2
Audio and Instruction

• Listening includes both hearing and
  comprehending audio
• Effective listening for learning includes
• Accurate hearing
• Focused listening
• Reinforcement to stimulate neural connections

3
Traditional Audio Media

• Audio Cassette
• Economic, durable, and easy-to-use
• Uses magnetic tape to record voice, music, and
  other sounds
• Can be used in centers, small groups, or large
  group instruction May be used for many projects
• Talking books, multimedia kits, oral histories
  and journals are examples

4
Traditional Audio Media

• Broadcast Audio
• Received via radio or cable audio channels
• Enhances content with current events, music, and
  foreign language

5
Digital Audio Media

• Optical Media (CD-ROMs)
• Offer better clarity and greater storage capacity
  than traditional audio media
• Easier to directly access target audio for replay

6
Digital Audio Media

• Optical Media (CD-ROMs)
• With CD-Rs and CD-RWs you can also record audio
• Advantages
• Durable
• Easy to handle
• Portable
• Variety of topics available

7
Digital Audio Media

• Internet Audio
• Instead of CD, you can download legally available
  audio in WAV and MP3 compressed formats
• Need software media players (typically free) for
  play back
• MP3 is gaining popularity because its files are
  smaller

8
Digital Audio Media

• MP3 Files
• Visualizations sometime displayed during audio
  playback
• MP3 players usually include recording and
  playback controls
• Typically music but may also include other audio
  elements

9
Digital Audio Media

• Internet Radio
• Using streaming media, radio stations offer
  simultaneously broadcast via the Web as well as
  the airwaves
• National and international stations outside the
  local area are now available via the Web
• Includes music, news and talk stations from
  around the world

10
Visual Communication

• Visual literacy
• The ability to correctly interpret visual signals
• Visual experiences in education designed to
  encourage visual literacy
• Awareness of effective visual design helps to
  impart visual literacy skills to students

11
Visual Communication
12
Visual Communication

• Visual Design Basics
• Visual design includes visual, text, and
  affective elements
• Visual - graphics, symbols, real objects, and
  organizational elements
• Text - aspects of text including fonts, spacing,
  color, and sizes
• Affective elements - visual components that can
  elicit responses from viewers

13
Visual Communication
14
Visual Communication
Can you See the difference?
15
Visual Communication

• Non-Projected Visuals
• Real objects - objects brought into the classroom
  as a visual enhancement
• Models - 3-D representations of real objects or
  concepts
• Exhibits - displays or dioramas created to
  illustrate instructional concepts

16
Visual Communication

• Print Materials - commercial and teacher-made
  paper materials
• Graphics and Photos - pictorial images used to
  illustrate and clarify
• Support technologies include Bulletin Boards,
  Flip Charts, Magnetic Boards, Chalk Boards, White
  Boards and Electronic White Boards

17
Traditional Visual Media

• Technologies for Projected Visuals
• Overhead Projectors shine light through
  transparencies for large group projection of the
  images
• Transparencies can be, drawn, printed with ink
  jet or laser printers, or copied

18
Traditional Visual Media

• Commercial transparencies are frequently
  available with texts
• Transparencies can also be created with common
  software such as word processors or desktop
  publisher
• Be sure to select the right transparency film for
  your printer (laser or ink jet) to avoid damaging
  your printer

19
Traditional Visual Media

• Advantages
• Allows teacher to maintain eye contact
• Longevity of images
• Enable teacher to build concepts with overlays
• Easy to use and create

20
Non- Traditional Visual Media

• Digital Projectors
• Used to project digital images from computers,
  digital cameras, and photo CDs
• Allows for large group display of anything
  digital
• May also be able to display analog output from VCR

21
Non- Traditional Visual Media

• Document Cameras
• Video camera mounted on a stand that captures and
  displays video images
• May use a monitor or digital projector for
  display
• Can zoom in on a real time demonstration or small
  objects

22
Multimedia in Instruction

• Multimedia
• Combination of multiple visuals and audio media
  into a single integrated whole
• Typically stored on a CD-ROM with hyperlinks
  between the elements
• Should be carefully evaluated for good design
  and appropriate and meaningful audio and visual
  elements