Geomatics CofP Real Property : September 2004

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Geomatics CofP Real Property September 2004
Cadastral systems and Canada Lands
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Presentation Overview

• Cadastral Systems in Canada
• Canada Lands the Office of the Surveyor General
• Cadastral Data on Canada Lands Now
• Jim Mackenzie
• Integrated Cadastral Management - Future
  Direction
• Paul Egesborg

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Property Rights in Canada

• Jurisdictions under Canadian Constitution (ss. 91
  92)
• Provincial Governments
• Private lands resources inside their provincial
  territory
• Provincial Crown Lands
• Federal Government
• lands resources in Northern Territories
• National Parks heritage
• fiduciary lands of First People
• departmental/operational lands

Cadastral Systems
Supported by provincial systems except on Canada
Lands
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3 Components to every Property Rights Systems
Traditional Cadastre
System consists of the policies, processes,
standards and information
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Trend of Cadastral Systems
Asset for economic social development
Scarce Resource
Integrated Approach in support of achieving
sustainable development objectives
Centred on land development paradigm
(socio-economic development)
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Challenge / Opportunity
Future Cadastral Systems
Developing an integrated Property rights
management infrastructure
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Integrated Information infrastructure
Extent of interests
Type of Rights
Rights Holders
Private Citizen ABC Mining Co. XYZ Fishing
Co. Petroleum Co. First Nation Society as a whole
Fee Simple Parcel Mining Rights
Parcel Aquaculture Parcel Oil and Gas Rights
Parcel Aboriginal Rights Parcel Protected Area
Parcel
Rights Infrastructure (Cadastre) National
Geospatial Data Infrastructure
Digital photography, imagery, GPS, international
standards
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Integration Principles (Context of GCofP)

• Define needs of the Federal community
• Shared leadership multi jurisdiction
• Move towards international standards
• Collect once closest to the source
• Benchmarking against the constituents needs
• Copy best practices

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Legal Surveys Division

• Regulatory Agency
• Management of Cadastral survey systems on Canada
  Lands

• Federal expert on Interprovincial,
  Interterritorial, and International Boundary
  Commissions

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National Park System 296,000 km2
Public Lands in Territories 3,900,000 km2
Offshore Area 3,700,000 km2
2660 First Nation Lands
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Mandate Activities

• Mandate
• Provide a framework for the identification,
  documentation, registration and protection of
  interests in land to facilitate the orderly
  development and management of the land.
• Supports over 20 Property Rights Regimes
• Main Activities
• Survey Regulation
• Cadastral Information Management
• Advice Consultation Services

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Regulation of CLS system

• Standards
• In Partnership with stakeholders andthe
  profession
• Surveys carried out by the profession
• Under the instructions of Surveyor General
• http//www.lsd.nrcan.gc.ca/english/manual_e.asp
• Quality control
• To protect the interest in the lands
• To promote secure land tenure
• Leads to socio-economic development

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Cadastral Information Management

• Survey

Survey Plan
Integrated Mapping
Cadastral Plan/Database
From Survey to Integrated Information Management
Sustainable development
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Data Sets

• Canada Lands Administrative Boundaries CLAB
• National Framework data - Freely available on
• Geogratis Website www.geogratis.gc.ca
• Searchable on the Discovery Portal.
• Provincial data sets including metadata
• Updated on a monthly basis

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Data Sets

• Interior Cadastral Information
• Individual data sets (Currently)
• Regional differences (Currently)
• Meta data on each file
• Georeferenced
• Built using COGO (most)
• Available for sale

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Data Sets
Aerial and Satellite Imagery

• Used to define unsurveyed boundaries
• Show encumbrances
• Define agriculture areas
• Used for Land Management

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Data Sets continued

• Survey Records Information System
• Canada Lands Surveys Records 70,000 docs

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Products

• Searchable, on-line, and up-to-date graphical
  and textual index of Canada Lands
• Scanned and downloadable survey records
• Compiled research reports for individual Indian
  Reserves
• Customized mapping to support client needs

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Examples

• Canada Lands Index Maps

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Examples

• Digital and Hardcopy Reference Plans

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Examples

• Photo
• Maps

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Examples

• Hardcopy and Digital Registry Index Plans

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Integrated Cadastral Management and Future
Direction
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Indian Land Registry System / Canada Lands
Surveys Records Integration Project
Integrated Cadastral Management Project
Indian OilGas Rights
Leases
Other Aboriginal Cadastral Data
Parcel Interests
Indian Reserve cadastral data
Survey Lines
Permits
Territorial Cadastral Data
Easements
Survey Plan Images
GeoBase Administrative Boundaries
First Nation Land Management Act
Marine Cadastre
National Park Cadastral Data
Electoral Boundaries
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Trends

• Working Group 7.1 to study cadastral reform
  projects in developed countries in 1994 (CADASTRE
  2014 A Vision for a Future Cadastral System in
  1998)
• The Bogor Declaration FIG/UN meeting of experts
  on Cadastre in 1996 (Spatial cadastral framework
  will be a fundamental layer within a nation's
  spatial data infrastructure)
• The Bathurst Declaration UN meeting on
  cadastral infrastructure for sustainable
  development in 1999
• ICSM Discussion paper on Globalisation and
  Cadastral Reform in 1999 (The adoption of a
  common cadastral model will become increasingly
  desirable)
• World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002
  (Interests and constraints on land are derived
  from both private and public sources)
• INAC/NRCan Feasibility Study (Review of
  cadastral/registry system trends in Canada (NB,
  ON, QC, AB, YK))
• ArcGISTM Cadastre 2014 Data Model early draft
  in 2003

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Bogor Declaration (UN/FIG, 1996)Meeting of
experts on Cadastre

• Develop modern cadastral infrastructures that
  facilitate efficient land and property markets,
  protect the land rights of all, and support long
  term sustainable development and land management
  
• The infrastructure can support a vast array of
  legal, technical, administrative and
  institutional options
• The spatial cadastral framework (usually a
  cadastral map) will be a fundamental layer within
  a nation's spatial data infrastructure
• It is important to keep any land record system
  simple and up-to-date
• There is a strong need to integrate and
  rationalize land title registry and cadastral
  systems

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Bathurst Declaration (UN, 1999)Cadastral
Infrastructure for Sustainable Development

• Providing effective legal security of tenure and
  access to property for all men and women,
  including indigenous peoples, those living in
  poverty and other disadvantaged groups
• Promoting the land administration reforms
  essential for sustainable development and
  facilitating full and equal access for men and
  women to land-related economic opportunities,
  such as credit and natural resources
• Investing in the necessary land administration
  infrastructure and in the dissemination of land
  information required to achieve these reforms
• Improve security of tenure, access to land and to
  land administration systems through policy,
  institutional reforms and appropriate tools with
  special attention paid to gender, indigenous
  populations, the poor and other disadvantaged
  groups

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GlobalisationSOURCE JONES, Andrew al.
Cadastral Reform An ICSM Discussion Paper,
april 1999

• As companies and financial institutions evolve
  into global entities, there will be a growing
  demand for uniformity among worlds land
  administration systems
• The adoption of a common cadastral model will
  become increasingly desirable
• Investment and transactions will be preferred in
  countries that conform with such a model
• National prosperity will become tied to
  international conventions
• The availability of appropriate cadastral
  information in digital form will be increasingly
  regarded as indispensable

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Sustainable DevelopmentSOURCE World Summit on
Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002

• Interests and constraints on land are derived
  from both private and public sources
• Despite the fact there is a private interest on
  land, the land is seen as a common good to be
  preserved for future generations
• There is a demand for a single source of all land
  information
• A future cadastral system will need to satisfy
  this demand
• Geomatic is unconditionally recognised as a
  significant part of the solution to making the
  world more sustainable

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CADASTRE 2014 (FIG, 1994)Source
Kaufmann-Steudler, Cadastre 2014 A vision for a
Future Cadastral System, FIG 1998

• Working Group 7.1 to study cadastral reform
  projects in developed countries
• Working group produced a vision of where
  cadastral systems might be in twenty years
  (Cadastre 2014), of the changes that might take
  place, of the means by which these changes can be
  achieved, and of the technology to be used to
  implement these changes
• Working Group 7.1 published CADASTRE 2014 A
  Vision for a Future Cadastral System in 1998
• Six statements define the Cadastre 2014 Vision.

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Dynamic HumankindLand Relationship
Up to late 1700s Agricultural revolution than
Feudalism Land Wealth
Late 1700s WWII Industrial Revolution Land
Markets Land Commodity As well as wealth
Post WWII Post-war Reconstruction Land
Scarce Resource As well as wealth And commodity
1980s onwards Social equity Sustainable
development Land Community Scarce Resource As
well as wealth And commodity
Fiscal Transfer
Planning Multi-purpose
Cumulative Evolution of Application for
Cadastre
Source Trends in geomatics Technical
university of Munich Ian Williamson 2000
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Cadastre 2014 Mission and ContentSource
Kaufmann-Steudler, Cadastre 2014 A vision for a
Future Cadastral System, FIG 1998
Cadastre 2014 will show the complete legal
situation of land, including public rights and
restrictions

• Global population is growing. Consumption of land
  is increasing. Absolute control of the individual
  or of legal entities of land is increasingly
  restricted by public interest.
• To provide security of the land tenure, all facts
  about land must be made abvious by the cadastral
  system.
• CONSEQUENCES A new cadastral model is necessary.

Property 4
Property 1
Property 2
Property 3
LAND
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Cadastre 2014 Mission and ContentSource
Kaufmann-Steudler, Cadastre 2014 A vision for a
Future Cadastral System, FIG 1998
Traditional Cadastre based On  Private Law 
Boundary definition By agreement
Process of boundary verification
Process of title verification
Registration
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Cadastre 2014Principle of Legal
IndependenceSource Kaufmann-Steudler, Cadastre
2014 A vision for a Future Cadastral System,
FIG 1998
Land Object Boundaries
Legal Topics
Chartered Company
Resource exploitation
Corporation
Collective Land Rights
Society
Water Protection
First Nations
Indigenous Land Rights
Society
Environment Protection
Society
Land Use Planning
Private Land Owners
Land Property
House Owners
Shelter and Housing
Society
Natural Resources
Society
Natural Land Objects
..
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Legal Surveys DivisionIntegrated Cadastral Data
ModelBased on ArcGISTM CADASTRE 2014 Data
Model Early Draft , April 2003
CGDI
Land Object
Cadastre
Legal Land Object
Physical Land Object
Boundary Object
Boundary Description
Informal Land Object
Admin. Land Object
Parcel Land Object
Survey Line
Aboriginal Right
Surface Parcel
Geo-Political Area
Survey Point
Traditional Use
Encumbrance Parcel
Regulated Area
Survey Framework
Sub-Surface Parcel
Planning Area
Survey Record
Air-Space Parcel
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Cadastre 2014Terms and DefinitionsSource
Kaufmann-Steudler, Cadastre 2014 A vision for a
Future Cadastral System, FIG 1998

• Land Object a piece of land in which
  homogeneous conditions exist within its outlines
• Legal Land Object - a piece of land where either
  a private or a public law imposes identical
  juridical parameters. Examples of Legal Land
  Objects are private property parcels areas
  where traditional rights exist administrative
  units such as countries, states, districts, and
  municipalities zones for the protection of
  water, nature, noise, pollution land use zones
  areas where the exploitation of natural resources
  is allowed)

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Integrated Cadastral ManagementParcel Land
Objects
Legal Land Object
Informal Land Object
Admin. Land Object
Parcel Land Object
Surface Parcel
Encumbrance Parcel
Sub-Surface Parcel
Air-Space Parcel
Indian Reserve Parcels
Easements
Mineral Claims
Strata Parcels
National Park Parcels
Permits
OilGas
Condominium Units
Yukon First Nation Parcels
OilGas Leases
Etc.
Etc.
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Integrated Cadastral ManagementAdministrative
Land Objects
Legal Land Object
Informal Land Object
Admin. Land Object
Parcel Land Object
Geo-Political Area
Regulated Area
Planning Area
Indian Reserve
Wilderness Areas
Aboriginal Land Claims
National Park
Wildlife Mgmt Areas
Yukon First Nation Lands
Protected Areas
Etc.
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Integrated Cadastral ManagementProject Status

• Institutional Orientations
• NRCan and INAC will work together to integrate
  the survey and registry systems.
• Common IDs will be used by both organization
• On-line services will be implemented
  (eRecording)
• Process Orientations
• Cadastral management processes will be consistent
  across the country.
• Flexibility will exist to accommodate regional
  differences, local client requirements and
  interfaces with local registries.
• Data Orientations
• Data model and management will be consistent
  across the country
• To provide a national coverage, cadastral
  information will be stored in geographic
  coordinates
• The data model must represent different stages of
  the data (e.g. provisional, active survey lines,
  survey, registered, retired parcels)
• Technology Orientations
• Technology platforms will be consistent across
  the country
• The ESRI ArcGIS environment was identified as the
  best technology to support the integration
  project and the national delivery model.

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Trends and Requirements

• The cadastre must be a reliable geo-spatial
  representation of legal surveys and registered
  land tenure that provides value to users as a
  base for referencing other land related
  information.
• The geo-spatial representation must be tightly
  integrated to the registry information.
• The cadastral system needs to support First
  Nation Self-Reliance and Devolution. The
  national delivery model must be flexible enough
  to support a diverse number and range of client
  requirements, from hard copy map products to GIS
  data.
• The cadastral system must be innovative and must
  provide on-line services such as Web access,
  E-Registration and Electronic submission.
• The cadastral base needs to be accurate to
  support data integration.
• The cadastral information needs to conform to
  recognized standards.

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ICM OrientationsInstitution

• LSD and INAC will work together to integrate the
  survey and registry systems. The LSD unique ID
  and the PIN number will be merged and use by both
  organization. LSD will promote the use of the
  unique ID as the legal ID of the parcel.
• On-line services will be implemented in 3 phases
  (1 eSubmission 2 eValidation 3
  eRecording)
• Data requirements of all clients will be
  considered as well as the best technical solution
  to meet these requirements. LSD will manage and
  store the geo-spatial data component of all
  Canada Lands.
• Standards for digital submission must be
  developed in consultation with the ACLS and its
  members.

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ICM OrientationsBusiness Processes

• Cadastral management processes will be consistent
  across the country. Flexibility will exist to
  accommodate regional differences, local client
  requirements and interfaces with local
  registries.
• ICM data management processes will be integrated
  with existing applications (PMIS, SRIS and
  Metadata Manager) to avoid duplication.
• Internet applications will be develop to provide
  on-line survey instructions and on-line
  validation of digital returns.
• A cursory review will continue to be performed on
  all preliminary survey returns. Provisional line
  work will be added to the dataset during review
  of preliminary returns.
• Survey parcel polygons will be created when the
  plan is recorded in CLSR. Survey parcels will
  become registered parcels when documents creating
  the interest are registered.

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ICM OrientationsData Model

• Data model and management will be consistent
  across the country
• To provide a national coverage, cadastral
  information will be stored in geographic
  coordinates (latitude longitude).
• Surveys in progress and survey records will be
  represented in the datasets.
• The data model must represent different stages of
  the data (e.g. provisional, active survey lines,
  survey, registered, retired parcels)
• Topology rules must be implemented to ensure the
  integrity of the database.
• Survey points will be maintained for the purpose
  of geo-referencing and controlling the datasets.
• Quality and accuracy information on features will
  be maintained in the database.

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ICM Orientations Technology

• Technology platforms will be consistent across
  the country
• The ESRI ArcGIS environment was identified as the
  best technology to support the integration
  project and the national delivery model.
• CAD file format will continue to be supported for
  the exchange of data and submission of digital
  survey plan return.
• The geospatial data will be managed and stored on
  NRCan server and appropriate features will be
  replicated to registry dbs.
• A de-centralised approach to data maintenance
  with replication to a central db for access and
  distribution is recommended.
• Intranet and internet application will have
  functionality similar to those available in
  existing ArcView application and MapGuide.